2020版高职高考英语总复习课件：第二章-名词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,【复习要求】,理解名词的复数形式、名词所有格、常用不可数名词的基本用法。,【知识要点】,一、可数名词与不可数名词,英语中的名词根据数的范畴可划分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词表示可以直接以数字计算的名词，如：,car,，,book,，,computer,等,;,不可数名词表示不可以直接以数字计算的名词，如：,rice,，,meat,，,tea,，,cotton,等。,1.,可数名词的复数构成规则,（,1,）一般在词尾直接加,-s,。如：,desk,desks,mapmaps,pencil,pencils,等。,（,2,）以字母,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词，在词尾加,-es,。如：,bus,buses,，,box,boxes,，,wish,wishes,，,match,matches,等，但,stomach,stomachs,。,（,3,）以字母,f,fe,结尾的名词，把,f,fe,变为,v,再加,-es,。如：,leaf,leaves,knife,knives,等。,（,4,）以“辅音字母,y,”结尾的名词，先变,y,为,i,，再加,-es,。如：,city,cities,factory,factories,等。,（,5,）以“辅音字母,o,”结尾的名词加,-es,。如：,zero,zeroes,tomato,tomatoes,hero,heroes,，,potato,potatoes,。,但不少以,o,结尾的外来词变复数时只加,-s,。如：,radio,radios,piano,pianos,，,photo,photos,，,studio,studios,等。,2.,不规则变化,如：,man,men,woman,women,Englishman,Englishmen,Frenchman,Frenchmen,policeman,policemen,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,child,children,mouse,mice,等。,3.,单复数形式相同的名词,（,1,）,a sheep,two sheep,a deer,three deer,（,2,）以,-ese,结尾的表示“某国人”的名词，单复数形式相同。如：,a Chinese,two Chinese,，,a Japanese,three Japanese,但是，下面表示“某国人”的名词变复数需加,-s,。如：,American,Americans,，,Asian,Asians,，,Australian,Australians,，,German,Germans.,4.,只有复数形式的名词。如：,trousers,裤子、,glasses,眼镜、,thanks,感谢、,clothes,衣服、,goods,货物、,stairs,楼梯、,chopsticks,筷子,5.,用单数形式表示复数概念的常用名词。如：,police,警,察、,cattle,家畜、,people,人，人们,6.,常见的不可数名词,Air,空气、,beef,牛肉、,bread,面包、,chalk,粉笔、,coal,煤、,coffee,咖啡、,cotton,棉花、,fish,鱼、,food,食物、,fruit,水果、,hair,头发、,health,健康、,ice,冰、,information,信息、,meat,肉、,metal,金属、,milk,牛奶、,money,金钱、,music,音乐、,mutton,羊肉、,news,消息、,noise,噪声、,orange,桔子汁、,paper,纸、,pork,猪肉、,rice,大米、,salt,盐、,sand,沙子、,silk,丝绸、,snow,雪、,tea,茶、,temperature,温度、,time,时间、,treasure,金银财宝、,water,水、,weather,天气、,wind,风、,wood,木头、,wool,羊毛、,work,工作、,advice,劝告、,knowledge,知识,7.,不可数名词用,a piece of,，,a bottle of,等类似的词组表示数量关系,a piece of bread/meat,一块面包,/,肉,two pieces of paper,两张纸,three bottles of orange,三瓶桔汁,four glasses of milk,四杯牛奶,8.,复合名词的复数形式,通常是将其主要名词变为复数,:,passer-by/passers-by,过路人,shoe-maker/shoe-makers,鞋匠,looker-on/lookers-on,旁观者,father-in-law/fathers-in-law,岳父,若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词加,s:,go-between/go-betweens,中间人,媒人,know-all/know-alls,万事通,注,:,由,man/woman,用于另一名词前构成的合成名词,两者均变为复数,:,man doctor/men doctors,男医生,woman writer/women writers,女作家,9.the+,姓氏复数表示“,一家人,夫妇”。,the Greens,格林先生一家人,格林夫妇,二、专有名词,表示个别的人、团体、地方、机构或事物的名称，其中实词的第一个字母必须大写。如：,China,中国、,Smith,史密斯、,the Great Wall,长城、,New York,纽约,三、名词所有格,1.,表示有生命的东西的名词，所有格一般在名词后加,-s,。,如：,Miss Green s coat,格林小姐的大衣,the boy s father,这个男孩的父亲,2.,以,-s,结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词右上方加“,”。如：,the twins bedroom,那对双胞胎的卧室,Teachers Day,教师节,3.,以,-s,结尾的单数名词或人名后应加,-s,构成所有格。如：,a waitress s job,一个女招待的工作,Charles s address,查尔斯的地址,4.,如果某物为两人共有，则只在后一个名词尾加,-s,；如果不是共有的，则两个名词后都加,-s,。如：,Jim and Kate s room,吉姆和凯特的房间（共有）,Jim s and Kate s books,吉姆的书和凯特的书（不共有）,5.,表示“某人家”、“店铺”等生活、工作处所的所有格后的名词常省略。如：,at Mr.Wang s,在王先生家,at the tailor s,在裁缝店,at the barber s,在理发店,6.,有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等的名词也可以在其后加,-s,构成所有格。如：,Today s newspaper,今天的报纸,ten minutes walk,步行十分钟的路程,7.,表示无生命的名词，通常用“,of+,名词”结构来构成所有格。如：,the gate of the school,学校的大门,the center of the city,市中心,8.,双重所有格如果在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“,of+,所有格”的形式即双重所有格来表示所有关系。如：,a friend of my father s,我父亲的一位朋友,相当于：,one of my father s friends,some inventions of Edison s,爱迪生的一些发明,two photos of mine,我的两张照片,【例题解析】,()1.He had something to write down and asked me for,.,A.a paper B.some papers,C.some pieces of papersD.a piece of paper,【答案】,D,【解析】此题旨在考查不可数名词的数量的表示法。,paper,是不可数名词，无复数。如要表示多数，量词要用复数形式。如：,a cup of tea,（一杯茶），,two cups of tea,（两杯茶）。顺便说一下，,paper,也可以用作可数名词，意思是“论文；试卷；证件”等。,()2.,Mrs.Green is,mother.,A.Mary and Kate,B.Mary s and Kate s,C.Mary s and Kate,D.Mary and Kate s,()3.Today is September 10th.It s,Day.Let s go and buy some flowers for our teachers.,A.Teachers,B.Teachers,C.the,Teachers,D.Teacher s,【答案】,D,【解析】此题旨在考查名词所有格的用法。如果表示某物为两,人（或两人以上）共有，则只需要在后一个名词词尾加“,-s,”。,如果不是共有，则要在每个名词后都加“,-s,”。,【答案】,B,【解析】此题旨在考查表示节日的专有名词的用法。其一，节日前面不用冠词；其二，前面的名词要用复数形式的所有格（除,Mother s Day,，,Father s Day,例外）。如,Women s Day,，,Children s Day,等。,()4.There are few,in the fridge.Let s go and buy some peas,，,carrots and cabbages.,A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggs,()5.,Mr Green has lived in the,hotel since he came to China.,A.five star,B.five-stars,C.five star s,D.five stars,【答案】,A,【解析】此题是词义辨析题。这是单项选择考查的热点。要用常识或题干所提供的信息来分析判断。如本题后半句中的,peas,（豌豆），,carrots,（胡萝卜），,cabbages,（卷心菜）都属于,vegetables,（蔬菜）。由此可知，“冰箱里几乎没有蔬菜了”。,【答案】,A,【解析】此题考查“基数词,+,连字符,+,单数名词”构成复合形容词的用法。这种复合形容词常用来表示时间、度量等。如,a two-day conference,（为期两天的会议），,a six-foot hole,（一个六英尺深的洞）等。此题中的,the five-star hotel,意为“五星级酒店”。,【同步精练】,()1.Mum,，,I,m quite thirsty.Please give me,.,A.two orange,B.two bottle of oranges,C.two bottles of orange,D.two bottles of oranges,()2.There are many,in the fridge.,A.fish,B.fruit,C.eggs,D.bread,【,答案,】,C,【解析】,（,orange,作可数名词使用时是“橙子、橘子”的意思；作不可数名词使用时是“橙汁、橘子汁”的意思。大于“一”的数词修饰可数名词时，可数名词后要加“,s,”。）,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（,many,用于修饰可数名词的复数,形式,。）,()3.,Sheep,white and milk,also white.,A.is;,are,B.are;i s,C.is;is,D.are;are,()4.,Would you like some,?,Oh,，,yes,，,just a little.,A.milk,B.apple,C.pearsD.oranges,【,答案,】,B,【解析】（,sheep,这个单词单、复数同形，在本题中是复数。如果用作单数，要用不定冠词修饰。,milk,是物质名词，属于不可数名词，所以是单数，谓语动词也要用单数。）,【,答案,】,A,【解析】（在回答中用到了,a little,，用于修饰名词时是修饰不可数名词。）,()5.Sam gave Ann some,to look after his pet dog while he was away.,A.books,B.inventions,C.instructions,D.messages,()6.,How wonderful!The,is made of,.,A.house;glass,B.house;glasses,C.houses;glass,D.houses;glasses,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（该句,的,意,思,是：,Sam,给了,Ann,一些在他不在时照顾他的宠物狗的指令。）,【,答案,】,A,【解析】（从谓语动词,is,是单数的形式，我们知道主语要选单数。,glass,用作不可数名词时是“玻璃”，用作可数名词时是“眼镜”或“玻璃杯”。）,()7.Mr Lin often gives us,by e-mail.,A.some good information,B.some good informations,C.good informations,D.a good information,()8.,There are two,in the room.,A.shelf,B.shelfs,C.shelfes,D.shelves,【,答案,】,A,【解析】（,information,是不可数名词，前面不能直接用不定冠词修饰，后面也不能,加,“,s,”。）,【,答案,】,D,【解析】（该题考查,shelf,这个单词单数变复数,的用法,，要将,f,改为,v,，再加“,es,”。）,()9.,room is next to their parents,.,A.Kate s and Joan s,B.Kate s and Joan,C.Kate and Joan s,D.Kate and Joan,()10.,Miss Green is a friend of,.,A.Mary s mother sB.Mary s mother,C.Mary mother sD.mother s of Mary,【,答案,】,C,【解析】,（从谓语动词是单数的形式我们知道是他们两人共有的房间。）,【,答案,】,A,【解析】（该题考查的是双重所有格，“玛丽妈妈的一个朋友”。）,()11.June 1 is,.,A.children s day,B.Childrens Day,C.Children s Day,D.Children s day,()12.,It s a long,to Paris.It s two thousand kilometres.,A.street,B.road,C.wayD.end,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（表示节日,Day,的第一个字母要大写，,children,是,child,的复数,形式,。）,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（,street,是指“街道”；,road,是指“马路”或用来指路的名字；,way,是指“到什么地方去的路”，也约定俗成用来问路、指路；,end,是“末端”、“尽头”的意思。）,()13.In autumn,turn yellow.,A.leaves,B.leafs,C.leaf,D.leafes,()14.,Which of the following animals lives only in China?,The,.,A.monkey,B.elephantC.panda,D.cat,()15.,is the best time for planting trees.,A.SummerB.Winter,C.Spring,D.Autumn,【,答案,】,A,【解析】,(,谓语动词用的是一般现在时,没有在动词后加,“s”,所以主语应该是复数,leaf,变复数时,要将,f,改为,v,再加,“es”,。,),【,答案,】,C,【解析】（常识题。仅在中国生存的就是大熊猫。）,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（常识题。春天是最好的植树时间。）,()16.,We need some more,.Can you go and get some,，,please?,A.potato,B.potatos,C.potatoes,D.potatoe,()17.,Where is Tom?,He s left a,saying that he has something important to do.,A.excuse,B.sentenceC.news,D.message,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（,potato,是一个可数名词，被,some,修饰时要用复数形式。要将它变复数是在它后面,加,“,es,”。）,【,答案,】,D,【解析】（固定搭配。,leave a message,的意思是“留口信”。）,()18.,It s very cold today.Why don t you put on your,.,A.watch,B.shirt,C.sweater,D.glasses,()19.,Which,do you like?,I like maths.,A.music,B.sport,C.subject,D.game,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（常识题。外面冷，肯定是要穿毛衣了。）,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（常识题。我们都知道数学是一门学科。）,()20.,Excuse me,，,are you,?,Yes,，,I m from,.,A.Japan,；,Japanese,B.China,；,Chinese,C.England,；,English,D.American,；,America,()21.,How many,have you got on your farm?,I,ve got five.,A.sheeps,B.sheep,C.pig,D.chicken,【,答案,】,D,【解析】（该题考查的是哪国人和哪个国家的名词。）,【,答案,】,B,【解析】（,sheep,这个单词单、复数同形，不加,s,而,pig,和,chicken,为可数名词，为复数时要,加,“,s,”。）,()22.The teacher from America gave us,on how to learn English well.,A.an advice,B.some advices,C.some advice,D.a advice,()23.Would you like to buy,?,A.a pair of shoe,B.a shoes,C.a shoe,D.a pair of shoes,【,答案,】,C,【解析】（,advice,是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词修饰，也不能在它的后面,加,“,s,”。）,【,答案,】,D,【解析】（买鞋肯定是一双一双的买，鞋是两只，所以要变为复数。）,()24.There are sixty-seven,in our school.,A.women s teacher,B.women teachers,C.woman teachers,D.women teacher,()25.You should brush your,before you go to bed.,A.tooth,B.teethC.tooths,D.toothes,()26.,What can I do for you?,I d like two,.,A.box of apple,B.boxes of apples,C.box of apples,D.boxes of apple,【,答案,】,B,【解析】,(,由,man/woman,用于另一名词前构成的合成名词,两者均变为复数。,),【,答案,】,B,【解析】（短语“刷牙”中的牙齿要用复数。）,【,答案,】,B,【解析】（表示“两箱苹果”时，“箱”和“苹果”都要用复数。）,()27.,went to Japan yesterday.,A.The White s,B.The Whites,C.The White,D.The White family,()28.The post office is a bit far from here.It s about,.,A.thirty minutes,s walk,B.thirty minute,s walk,C.thirty minutes walk,D.thirty minutes walk,【,答案,】,B,【解析】,(the+,姓氏复数,表示,“,一家人,”,或,“,夫妇,”,。,),【,答案,】,C,【解析】（在表示距离的名词后,加,“,s,”构成所有格，该题意为：大约步行,30,分钟的路程。）,()29.How many,were there in the street when the accident happened?,A.policemanB.polices,C.PoliceD.peoples,()30.We came to a,at last and went in.,A.watch shop,B.watches shop,C.watching shop,D.watch shops,【,答案,】,C,【解析】,(how many,后要接可数名词的复数。,police,和,people,都用单数形式表示复数概念的名词,后面不用再加,“s”,。,),【,答案,】,A,【解析】（“一间钟表店”，“钟表”和“店”都用单数。类似的有：,a flower shop,a shoe store,a book store,。）,