高考英语英语阅读理解专题讲座--猜测词义（定稿）.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,欢迎各位莅临指导！,阅读理解,猜词,江苏省包场高级中学,宋 健,2013,年,9,月,30,日,课堂教学目标,1,、明确,2013,年高考考试说明中关于阅读理解试题的考查要求；,2,、通过学习使学生掌握几种基本的阅读理解试题中关于猜测生词意义的解题技巧；,3,、运用所学的解题技巧进行课堂训练，让学生对此加以巩固,2013,年考试说明中,关于阅读理解的要求,要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：,、理解主旨要义；,、理解文中具体信息；,、根据上下文推断生词的词义；,、作出简单判断和理解；,、理解文章的基本结构；,、理解作者的意图和态度,。,常用 设问形式,The underlined word,“”refers to(means),.,Which of the following words can take the place of the word“”?,What is the meaning of“”as the words are used in the text?,Which of the following has the closest meaning to the word“”?,What do you think the expression.stands for?,A quiz,What does the underlined word mean?,(Guess the meaning as quickly as you can.),Warming-up exercises,1).,If you agree,write“yes”,if you,dissent,write“no”.,2).,Yet,shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to,deal with problems,such as,shoplifters,who always,take away things from the shop without paying for,them.,3).,The young man was so,bashful,that he dare not,speak to the pretty girl.,4).,Although,simplified,Chinese characters were,accepted for use many years ago,it seems that more,and more people like Chinese characters in the,complex form.,thieves in shops,disagree,shy,make something simple,上,下文,构词法,猜测词意,阅读理解之,猜测词意,英语构词法分,派生法,、,转化法,和,合成法,。,1).Our soldiers won a,decisive,victory in the battle.,2).Colourful wall-paper would,brighten,（,up,）,the room.,3).Women have equal,say,in everything.,4).That country is,underdeveloped,and the living conditions are rather low.,根据构词法,决定性的,使,明亮,发言权,不发达的,信号词：,be,be called,means,be defined as,A,mosquito,is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.,Desert,can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.,1,、定义或解释说明,蚊子,沙漠,Ex.1,A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a,carpenter,.,His uncle is a,zoologist,an expert who does research on animals.,The,herdsman,who looks after sheep,earns about 650 yuan a year.,We are on the,night shift,-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.,木匠,动物学家,牧人,夜班,2,、对比关系,信号词,:but,however,yet,otherwise,while,though,on the one handon the other hand,for one thingfor another thing,instead of,等,Though Toms face has been washed quite clean,his neck still remains,grubby,.,John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things,his wife,however,is very,thrifty,.,污秽的,节约的,Ex.2,In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way.Now,however,everything seems to be in a state of,turmoil,.,If you agree,write“yes”;if you,dissent,write“no”.,Some human actions are learned,but quite a few other actions are,innate,.,Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money,I was sure that he was,innocent,of the theft.,混乱,无辜的,天生的,不同意,3,、因果关系,信号词,:because,since,as,for,due to,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thus,Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very,elastic,.,The river is so,turbid,that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.,弹性的,混浊的,Ex.3,Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting,I bought a,replica,.An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.,Hes such a,shrewd,businessman that he loses no money in any trade.,She wanted the hairdresser to,trim,her hair a bit because it was too long.,复制品,精明的,修剪,4,、举例法,信号词,:such,such as,like,for example/instance,especially,include,consist of,Cars must have certain safety,devices,such as seat belt,headlights,and good brakes.,On the farm they mainly raise,poultry,such as chickens,ducks and geese,for their eggs and meat.,家禽,装置,5,、重述,信号词,:or,that is(to say),in other words,to put it another way,i.e.,In some countries where there is very little rain,the farmers have to,irrigate,or water,their fields.,All whales fall into two groups,those with teeth and those without,Dolphins belong to,odontoceti,that is to say,they are toothed whales.,灌溉,灌溉,有牙齿的,6,、同义词、近义词,信号词,:or,like,asas,the same as,The new tax law,supersedes,or replaces,the law that was in effect last year.,Mother was tall,fat and middle-aged.My aunt was an old woman,almost as,plump,as mother,and much shorter.,代替、接替、废弃,圆,胖的,7,、生活经验,生活常识,逻辑推理,When a doctor performs an operation on a patient,he usually gives an,anaesthetic,to make him unconscious,because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him.,When you throw a stone into still water of a lake,you will watch,a,ripple,spread in rings on the surface of water.,Metal,expands,when heated and,contracts,when cooled.,麻药,波纹,膨胀,冷缩,Ex.,One of,symptoms,caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.,Because this chemical liquid is highly,volatile,we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.,In the strong wind,the beggar,shivered,with the terrible cold.,症状,易挥发的,颤抖,8.,捕捉关键信息,例题：,Tom cant find,his,sneakers,.,C.shoes,Tom cant find his,white sneakers,Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white,sneakers,.,A.money,B.bowls,l,）,Jane is usually,prompt,.,A,late B,on time C,pleased,Jane is usually,prompt,for her classes,Jane is usually,prompt,for all her classes,，,but she arrived in the middle of her first class.,adj.,敏捷的,迅速的,即时的,adv.,准时地,2,）,The children are looking at,an ape,.,A,a kind of monkey B,a kind of snake C,a kind of bird,The children are looking at,an ape,at the zoo,The children are looking at a large,hairy(,毛的,),ape,at the zoo,猿,3)The lady asked the waitress to get her a,saucer,A,a glass B,a cake C,a small plate,The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean,saucer,The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean,saucer,to put her coffee cup on,茶杯托,阅读理解之猜词技巧归纳,1,、定义或解释说明；,2,、对比关系；,3,、因果关系；,4,、举例说明；,5,、重述；,6,、同义词、近义词；,7,、生活经验、生活常识、逻辑推理；,8,、捕捉关键信息。,1).A,dragoon,is a soldier of the old days who fight with his enemy on horse back.,2).But sometimes,no rain falls for a long,long time.Then there is an,arid,period.,Consolidation,骑兵,干旱的，旱灾的,3).It will be very hard but also very,brittle,-that is,it will break easily.,4).Ive found Lucy is quite,liberal,，,for example,whenever she meets a beggar,she gives some coins to him.,Consolidation,易碎的,慷慨的，大方的,运用文中的解释或列举,be called,that is(to say),in other words,namely,，,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,refer to,be known as,等表解释,；,such as,for example,for instance,等表列举,.,注意连接词,运用同义关系,1).The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house.Her neighbor all called her an,eccentric,lady.,2).For thousands of years men have looked up at“falling stars”and wondered what they were and where they came from.Today we know that they are not“stars”at all,we call them,meteors,.,3).Large chunks of ice and snow melt very slowly.Once they begin to,thaw,several weeks of warm weather may be required before they are totally,dissolved,.,Consolidation,古怪的,流 星,融 化,Consolidation,运用同位关系,1).Not every historic,mansion,church,battle site,theatre and other public halls can be preserved.,2).His father was an expert in,phonetics,the study of the sounds of language.,3).The modern age of medicine began with the,stethoscope,an instrument for listening to patients heartbeat and breathing.,大 厦,语 言 学,听 诊 器,1).He had been getting better,but during the night his condition,deteriorated,.,2).His father,despises,while his mother loves him very much.,Consolidation,恶化,憎恨,怨恨,运用对比关系,1).What could John expect?He had left his wet swimming trunks in the dark closet for over a week.Of course they had begun to,mildew,.,2).The tree will have to be cut down for it,obstructs,the view of oncoming traffic.,3).The noise was so,faint,that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from.,Consolidation,发 霉,妨碍,阻碍,微弱的,运用因果关系,注意连接词,but,，,while,however,，,despite,，,in spite of,yet,，,otherwise,，,though,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,等表对比,；,because,，,since,as,so,，,so.that,与,such.that,等表因果,。,4.She didnt hear what you said because she was completely,engrossed,in her reading.,A.,心不在焉的,B.,紧张的,C.,全神贯注的,D.,睡意浓的,5.Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl.But her sister was quite,sedate,.,A.pretty B.calm C.protective D.energetic,6.He is a,resolute,man.Once he makes up his mind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.,A.strong B.firm C.kind D.clever,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,7.The official asked the man what his,occupation,was.The man told him that he worked as an engineer.,A.work B.study C.name D.interest,8.Those new comers were not used to the life in the,suburbs,which was so different from that inside the city.A.town B.capital C.country D.house,9.You can take any of the,periodicals,:The World of English,Foreign Language Teaching in School,or English Learning.,A.dictionaries B.story-books C.magazines D.newspapers,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,10.The flowers in the vase,withered,because they had no water.,A.became sweeter B.became red C.became dry,11.Just for fun,they decided to try a very,circuitous,country road instead of the more direct highway.,A.direct B.indirect C.straight,12.That museum is so,immense,that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.,A.small B.large C.dull,祝,功,成,你,!,小试身手,celebrity (A.,名人,B.,作家,C.,主持人,)Two years ago that singer had no money and no fame.Now she is a famous,celebrity,.,enterprising (A.,令人惊讶的,B.,神秘的,C.,有进取心的,)Frank is a very,enterprising,person.He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better.,in the public eye,That actress has been,in the public eye,almost all her life.She first appeared on a TV show when she was 8 years old.,promote (A.,提升,B.,推销,C.,遥控,)If you want the boss to choose you for the job,promote,yourself as the best person.,ultimately(A.,按时地,B.,最终,C.,幸福地,)Bob just started dating(,约会,)Susan.He hopes this relationship will,ultimately,lead to marriage.,经常在公开场合露面,小试身手,Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of,persistence,.,A.time B.competition C.perseverance,2.All his attempts to unlock the door was,futile,because he was using the wrong key.,A.,成功的,B.,徒劳的,C.,有效的,D.,匆促的,3.Though Mr.Smith has been manager for just 3 months,he has already made much greater achievements than his,predecessors,.,A.,上级,B.,前任,C.,同事,D.,下级,祝,功,成,你,!,Thank you!,What does“,in the public eye,”mean?,A.,公众熟悉的,出名的,Tips,:,in public,在公众场合,the public,大众,eye,眼睛,Guess,B.,在群众的眼里,C.,公开的,D.,令人眼热的,Mr Zhang often appears,in public,.,But he is not famoushe is not,in the public eye,.,1,.However obvious these facts may appear at first glance,they are actually not so obvious as they seem except when we,take special pains,to think about the subject.,In Paragraph 3,“,take special,pains,”probably means“_”.,A.try very hard,B.take our time,C.are very unhappy,D.feel especially painful,高考题再现,高考题再现,2,.Rainforests like the Amazon are important for,mopping up,CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tons of CO2 each year.,The underlined phrase,“mopping,up”in the second paragraph,means,.,A,cleaning up B,taking in,C,wiping out D,giving out,高考题再现,析：这是一段介绍热带雨林吸收二氧化碳的说明文。,此题猜测词义。根据,Currently the trees in the Amazon take in,Around 500 million,tonnes,of CO2 each year,句中的,take in,可,猜测正确答案为,B,。,3.,Towards the evening,there comes the grand,finale,of the opening day,an extremely exciting horse race.All the riders run very fast on horseback.Some riders hang off the side of their saddles.Some even ride upside down-their legs and feet straight up in the air-all at full speed.,Q:,The underlined word,“,finale,”in the fourth paragraph most probably means the_ of the opening day.,A.first part B.middle,C.last part D.whole,析：这是一篇叙述文，叙述了撒哈拉节日第一天的活动。此题,猜测词义。根据“,final”,的派生可猜测,finale,为”终场”的意思。,因此正确答案为,高考题再现,高考题再现,4).,Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully,cultivated,.”(2005,广东卷,B,篇,),The underlined word,roughly means_.,A.encouraged,B.compared,C.examined,D.developed,5).,Charlottes tale was inspired by the girls coin,collection.”Weve,collected foreign coins for years-since our families went on holiday to Tenerife,”she explains.“That was before the Euro,so we put,pesetas,in.”,（,2005,湖南卷篇）,The underlined word,“pesetas”is a kind of_.,A.story,B.collection,C.inspiration,D.foreign,coin,foreign coins,高考题再现,6.,William Shakespeare said,The web of our life is of a,mingled,yarn(,纱线,),good and ill together.The above brief review of the application of only one part of human activities science seems to prove what Shakespeare said.,The underlined word,mingled in the last paragraph most probably means_.,A.simple B.mixed,C.sad D.happy,7.“,I dont need a yes man.You never tell me what you think.You just smile as though everything is fine.”“But,”said Kim,“I feel that since you are my superior,it would be,presumptuous,of me to tell you what to do.”,The word,“presumptuous”in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to“_”.,A.full of respect B.too confident and rude,C.lacking in experience D.too shy and quiet,高考题再现,胆大妄为的,8.,Like,Schmid,the editors of several self-published art magazines also champion(,捍卫,)found photographs.One of,them,called simply,Found,was born one snowy night in Chicago,when Davy,Rothbard,returned to his car to find under his wiper(,雨刷,)an angry note intended for some else:“Whys your car HERE at HER place?”The note became the starting point for,Rothbards,addictive publication,which features found photographs sent in by readers,such a poster discovered in our drawer.,（,2007,湘,）,The underlined word,“,them,”refers to_.,A.the readers B.the editors,C.the found photographs,D.the self-published magazines,