科技英语翻译4a.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,科技英语翻译的基本方法和技巧,词义的引申,在翻译过程中，译者常常会遇到英语中有一些单词或词组中，无法从词典等工具书找到其直接、恰当、准确的释义。如果硬要牵强附会，照搬词典里的某个释义，那么译文定会晦涩难懂，不符合汉语语言规范和翻译所要求的标准。遇到这种情况，译者可以结合上下文，根据语气、逻辑关系、搭配习惯及全句的技术含义等方面的情况，在准确理解原文含义的基础上，按照汉语的表达习惯，对词义加以引申。,专业化引申,His mother died of,difficult labor,.,The major problem in manufacturing is the control of contamination and,foreign material.,The running of such automated establishments remains only a matter of,reading,various meters mounted on panels.,More weight must be placed on the,past history,of patients.,The bacterial pneumonia may complicate influenza at,both,extremes of age,.,他母亲死于难产。（困难的劳动）,制造时的一个主要问题是控制污染和杂质。（外界物质）,管理这种自动化工厂只不过要求查看一下控制台上的各种仪表而已。（阅读）,必须更加重视患者的病史。（过去的历史）幼儿和老年流行性感冒患者可并发细菌性肺炎。（年龄的两个极端）,The doctor may insert thin needles into the skin of a patient at,key,points,along meridians.,Everything is ready,so I,call,the morning paper up on the screen.,This kind of wood,works,easily.,The patient had been,given,three transfusions after he was admitted into the hospital.,This medicine,acts,well on the heart.,医生可以把一些细针沿病人身上的经络插进穴位中。（关键点,一切准备就绪，于是我把早报调入屏幕。（喊叫）,这种木料易于加工。（工作）,病人入院后已输过三次血了。（给）,这种药治疗心脏病疗效很好。（起作用）,具体化或形象化引申,Other,things,being equal,copper heats up faster than iron.,There are many,things,that should be considered in determining cutting speed.,The,thermometer,rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.,Australian researchers have developed an implantable,hearing prosthesis,that inserts 22 electrodes into the inner ear and is connected to a pocket speech processor.,其他条件相同时，铜比铁热得快。（事情）,在测定切削速度时，应当考虑许多因素。（事情）,温度计的液柱随空气的冷热而下降或上升。（温度计）,澳大利亚研究人员已经研制了一种可植入的假耳。该假耳将,22,个电极插入内耳并与一台袖珍语言信息处理机相连。（听觉假体）,Other,things,being equal,copper heats up faster than iron.,There are many,things,that should be considered in determining cutting speed.,The,thermometer,rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold.,Australian researchers have developed an implantable,hearing prosthesis,that inserts 22 electrodes into the inner ear and is connected to a pocket speech processor.,其他条件相同时，铜比铁热得快。（事情）,在测定切削速度时，应当考虑许多因素。（事情）,温度计的液柱随空气的冷热而下降或上升。（温度计）,澳大利亚研究人员已经研制了一种可植入的假耳。该假耳将,22,个电极插入内耳并与一台袖珍语言信息处理机相连。（听觉假体）,概括化或抽象化引申,Americans every year,swallow,15,000 tons of aspirin,one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man.,Alloys belong to a,half-way house,between mixtures and compounds.,In 24 hours the heart in a human body,receives and pumps out,some 1000 quarts of blood.,The year 2000 problem,brings,the largest companies in the world,to their knees,.,Industrialization and environmental degradation seem to go,hand in hand,.,阿司匹林是人类发明的最安全、最有效的药物，美国每年要消耗,15000,吨。（吞咽）,合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。（两地间中途歇脚的客栈）,24,小时内，通过人的心脏循环的血液约为,1000,夸脱。（接受或泵出）,2000年,问题使世界上最大的公司都要向它屈服。（使跪下）工业化发展似乎伴随着环境的退化。（携手）,In the microbial transformation of contaminants,organisms can either“,eat,”the toxins or break them down in the process of consuming other substances.,在对污染物进行微生物转化的过程中，生物会清除毒素或在消耗其他物质时把这些毒素分解。（吃掉）,The research performed on smokers at rest indicates that smokers,burn,more calories than nonsmokers.,对处于静息状态的吸烟者所作的研究表明，吸烟者比非吸烟者消耗的热量要多。（燃烧）,The plan for launching the man-made satellite still,lies on the table,.,那项发射人造卫星的计划仍被搁置，无法执行。（放在桌子上）,The furnace,eats up,fuel at the rate of three tons per hour.,炉子以每小时三吨的速度消耗燃料。（吃光）,Superconductivity technology is now in its,infancy,.,超导体技术正处于发展的初级阶段。（婴儿期）,试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作专业化引申：,Rubber is not hard,it,gives way,to pressure.,For millions of people suffering from arthritis,it is the only thing that,works,.,Porcelain is commonly used to,resist,electric current.,When we speak,sound waves begin to,travel,and go in all directions.,Zinc is easy to,obtain,from its ore.,Key:,橡胶性软，受压变形。,对于千百万关节炎患者来说，这是惟一奏效的药物。,陶瓷常用来隔绝电流。,我们说话时，声波就开始向四面八方传播。,锌容易从锌矿中提炼。,试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作具体化或形象化引申：,There are three,things,we have to know about every force in order to be able to understand the effect it produced.,At high frequencies where the integration time is short,results will be displayed,in rapid succession,and possibly leave insufficient time for the user to record them.,The purpose of a driller is to,cut,holes.,The energy is so small that,something,must be done to prevent the complete loss of signal.,The foresight and,coverage,shown by the inventor of the process are most commendable.,Key:,要了解力的作用，我们必须懂得力的三要素。,在高频条件下，积分时间很短，答案会接二连三地快速显示出来，用户可能来不及把答案记录下来。,钻床的功能是钻孔。,由于能量太小，必须采取措施以防止信号完全丢失。,这种方法的发明者所表现的远见卓识和渊博知识，给人以良好的印象。,试译下列各句，注意对划线词的词义作概括化或抽象化引申：,There are three steps which must be taken before we,graduate,from the integrated circuit technology.,The book is perhaps too,high-powered,for technician in general.,The shortest distance,between raw material and a finished part is precision casting.,At the society much,cross-fertilization,of minds always takes place.,The expense of such an instrument has,discouraged,its use.,Key:,我们要完全掌握集成电路，还必须经过三个阶段。,这本书对一般技术员来说也许内容太深。,把原料加工成成品的最简单方法是精密铸造。,在学会上经常进行广泛的思想交流。,这种仪器很昂贵，使其应用受到限制。,