高考英语 语法专题四情态动词备考课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法专题,(,四,),情态动词,一、情态动词的基本含义,1,表示能力用,can,，,could,，,be able to,。,注意：,can,与,be able to,常可互换，但也有不可互换的情况：,can,可用于人或物作主语的句子中，但,be able to,只能由有生命的名词作主语。,can,只有一般现在时和一般过去时,(could),，但,be able to,可以用于一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时、完成时。还可用于非谓语动词短语。,be able to,用于过去时表示经过一番努力才能做到，一般用肯定句和疑问句，不能用,could,代替。如：,After doing more practice,，,he was able to speak English at the meeting.,做了更多的练习之后，他能在会上说英语了。,这样考过,(2007,东城,),We_finish,it ahead of time,，,though it was such a tough task.,A,could,B,would,C,were able to D,ought to,解析：,根据后文中,tough,可知所填词表示,“,(,经过努力后,),能,”,，应该用,be able to,，因此,C,项正确。,答案：,C,(2008,湖南,),You dont have to know the name of the author to find a,book.You,_ find the book by the title.,A,must B,need,C,can D,would,解析：,句意：你没有必要一定要通过作者的姓名来找到一本书。你可以根据这本书的标题,(,书名,),来找到这本书。,must,必须，一定；,need,有必要；,can,可以，能够；,would,会,(,表示过去将来,),。根据句意，只有,C,选项符合题意。,答案：,C,(2007,湖南,)The biggest problem for most plants,，,which_just,get up and run away when threatened,，,is that animals like to eat them.,A,shant B,cant,C,neednt D,mustnt,解析：,shant,不愿意；,cant,不能，不可能；,neednt,没有必要；,mustnt,不允许，禁止。句意：大部分植物当受到威胁的时候不能站起来逃跑，所以对它们来说最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。,答案：,B,2,表示可能性,理论可能性,can,，,could,，,may,，,might,现在可能性,肯定句,may,，,might,，,could,疑问句,can,否定句,may not(,可能不,),，,cant(,不可能,),将来可能性,may,，,might,注意：,can,，,could,，,may,，,might,可能性依次减少。,can,表示理论上的可能性，指某事或情况可能发生，但并不说明实际上真会发生；如要表达某事发生的实际可能性，要用,may,，,could,或,might,等：,Anybody can make mistakes.,任何人都可能犯错误。,这样考过,(,宁波两地联考,),He _ the test again,；,in that case,，,his mother will be very disappointed.,A,should fail B,must have failed,C,might fail D,could have failed,解析：,由句意知,“,他可能会考试又不及格；那样的话，他妈妈会很伤心。,”,might,表推测，表示不太确定，故选,C,。,答案：,C,(2008,浙江,),You _ be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!,A,wouldnt B,cant,C,mustnt D,neednt,解析：,句意：你不可能已经饿了,你两个小时前才吃的午饭。,cant,“,不可能,”,；,mustnt,意为,“,绝对不可，被禁止,”,。,答案：,B,(,北京朝阳区,),Will Helen get disappointed if I tell her she failed?,I think she _.,A,may B,has to,C,should D,need,解析：,据句意：,如果你告诉海伦她考试没过，她会失望吗？,我认为她可能会。,may,“,可能,”,，用来表示推测。,答案：,A,(,潍坊质检,),My mother is a great cook and we _ never get enough of her cookies.,A,may B,need,C,should D,can,解析：,由句意,“,好厨师，她做的甜饼我们永远吃不够。,”,知选,D,“,能够,”,，表示推测。,may,也可表示推测，但语气较弱。,答案：,D,(,北京丰台区,),Its supposed to rain tomorrow.,I know,，,but the forecast _ be,wrong.Weather,forecasts are far from 100 percent accurate.,A,must B,could,C,should D,will,解析：,此处需表达的意思为,“,可能,”,，只有,B,项符合题意。,答案：,B,3,表示许可,用词,必要例句,请求,许可,can,，,could,，,may,，,might,，,shall,Could I use your phone?,Of course,，,you can.,给予,许可,can,，,may,，,might as well,已给予,的许可,can,Its not,fair.Joe,can stay up till 10 and I have to go to bed at eight.,注意：,在会话中，用,could,和,might,征求许可，表示语气委婉。,给予许可时也可以使用其他委婉用语，如,sure,，,certainly,，,go ahead,，,please,等。,这样考过,(,宁波质检,),Mr,Smith,，,_ he have all these letters typed for you right away?,He _.They should be ready by 10 oclock this morning.,A,will;must B,shall;has to,C,need;will D,would;ought to,解析：,shall,用于一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方意见。,答案：,B,(,江西师大附中,)_ I book a table for dinner a few days ahead of time?,Yes,，,you _.The restaurant is always full,，,especially during the holidays.,A,Must;will B,Must;can,C,Shall;shall D,Shall;must,答案：,D,(2008,成都,)If you think the price of pork is too high,，,you _as well buy some,beef.It,depends on you!,A,should B,will,C,would D,may,解析：,may/might as well,是固定用法，表示,“,不妨，倒不如,”,。,答案：,D,4,表示建议可用,can,，,may,，,will,，,would,，,youd,better(not,),等。,这样考过,(,北京东城区,),I feel bored with nothing interesting to do.,You _ watch,TV.There,will be a very good Hollywood film on this evening.,A,need B,could,C,would D,shall,解析：,上文提出没事可干很烦。下文提出建议，你可以看电视啊，,could,在此处表示提建议，,would,是指习惯性的动作，,shall,表示威胁的语气，,need,需要。,答案：,B,可能这样考,You_phone,him if you want to,，,but you _.Hell surely phone you.,A,may;mustnt B,have to;neednt,C,might;wont D,can;neednt,解析：,根据题意，第一个空须填,“,可以,”,，用,may,或,can,皆可，从后句可以判断,“,你没有必要给他打电话,”,，第二个空只能填,neednt,。,答案：,D,5,表示义务、命令、要求等用,must,，,have to,，,should,，,ought to,等，意为,“,必须，应该,”,这样考过,(,四川,),I dont care what people think.,Well,，,you _.,A,could B,would,C,should D,might,解析：,句意：,我不在乎人们想什么。,不对，你应该在乎。根据语境，后半句中省略了一些与前句相同的内容。该题目实际上考查了情态动词的用法。,should,用以表示义务或责任，如：,You shouldnt drink and drive.,你不应该喝酒后开车。,答案：,C,(,湖南,),Its the office,！,So you _ know eating is not allowed here.,Oh,，,sorry.,A,must B,will,C,may D,need,解析：,句意：,这是办公室！,所以你必须知道这里不许吃东西。,噢，对不起。,must,“,必须,”,，在此处语气最强烈。,答案：,A,(2008,海淀,)Please carry a,cellphone,to make it easier for me to get hold of you.,OK,，,Dad.But,I am,eighteen.You,_ worry so much.,A,cant B,mustnt,C,shouldnt D,wouldnt,解析：,说话人认为自己不再是小孩子了，对方,“,不应该,”,再如此担心。,答案：,C,注意：,must,的否定形式是,need not(,不必，没有必要,),，不用,must not(,禁止,),。,should,还表示吃惊，不耐烦，不相信等。,(,海淀,)The purpose of education _ be to provide students with a value systemnot to prepare them for a specific job.,A,will B,should,C,could D,may,答案：,B,6,表示意愿和决心用,shall,，,will,，,would,，,would rather,。,(1)shall,表示说话人的强烈意志，有,“,命令，警告，允诺，威胁,”,等含义，因此用于第二、第三人称。,这样考过,(2008,北京,),John promised his doctor he _ not smoke,，,and he has never smoked ever since.,A,might B,should,C,could D,would,解析：,句意：约翰答应他的医生不再吸烟了，且从那时起就再也不吸了。,might not,可能不；,should not,不应该；,could not,不可能,(,推测,),，不能,(,表能力,),；,would,有,“,决心、决意,”,等意思。根据句意，可知,D,项正确。,答案：,D,(,合肥一六八中联考,),Hello,，,Peter.Would,you please go shopping with me after school?,Sorry.Our,school is a boarding,school.In,school days nobody _ go out of school without the head teachers permission.,A,will B,can,C,may D,shall,解析：,据句意,“,我们学校是寄宿制学校，没有班主任的允许任何人不得离校。,”,知这是学校的规定。规定、规则或法律条文用情态动词,shall,，表示,“,命令、警告、允诺、威胁,”,等意义，故选,D,。其他选项无此用法。,答案：,D,(,北京东城区,),After the bell rings,，,which indicates the ending of the exam,，,you _ stay where you are until all your papers are collected.,A,shall B,would,C,Will D,can,解析：,shall,表示说话者的命令、意图等。意为,“,一定,”,。,答案：,A,(,洛阳统考,),They want to take possession of my house,，,but they _ not have it.,A,shall B,must,C,would D,need,解析：,shall,表示强烈的意志，也表示说话人的意图，决心。句意为：他们想占有我的房子，但是他们不会得逞的。,答案：,A,(2)will,可以用于各种人称，表示意愿。,这样考过,(,江西吉安一中,),If you _ let me pay for the bill today,，,then at least allow me to drive you home.,A,shouldnt B,neednt,C,wont D,mustnt,答案：,C,(2006,重庆,),Mr.Gordon,asked me to remind you of the meeting this,afternoon.Dont,you forget it!,OK.I_.,A,wont B,dont,C,will D,do,解析：,句意：别忘了开会的事呀。好的，我不会的。注意情态动词的语气。,答案：,A,特例：,will,的主语若是无生命的东西，则表示它本身的一种特性或自然属性；,wont,则表示失去某种功能，意为,“,不起作用，就是不,”,如：,Oil will float on water.,油会浮到水面上。,Though he tried hard,，,the door wouldnt open.,尽管他费尽了力气，门就是不开。,(3)would rather,意为,“,宁愿,”,。,这样考过,(2008,山东寿光现代中学,),I didnt go to the museum yesterday.,Yes,，,but I would rather you _ there too.,A,went B,had gone,C,should go D,would have gone,解析：,would rather,后跟句子时，要用虚拟语气，如果是与现在或将来相反从句要用过去时；如果与过去时相反则用过去完成时。根据上一句中的时间状语看应该表达的是与过去相反的虚拟语气，所以要用过去完成时。,答案：,B,还,可能这样考,Would you like to have a taxi?,No,，,I_walk,there.Its,such a lovely day.,A,can B,ought to,C,had better D,would rather,解析：,根据最后一句,“,Its such a lovely day(,天气这么好,),”,，判断前一句应是,“,我宁愿步行去那,”,，用,would rather,表示自己的意愿。其他项不能表示此意，故选,D,。,答案：,D,7,would,或,“,used to,动词原形,”,表过去的习惯。,(1),在表示过去重复的习惯时，,used to,可用,would,代替。,这样考过,(2007,郑州,)I tried to get through to her,，,but she,simply_not,turn on her,cellphone,as she was busy.,A,could B,might,C,would D,should,解析：,此处所填词表,“,习惯,”,。而情态动词中只有,will,，,would,和,used to,表,“,习惯,”,，其中,will,表,“,经常性的习惯,”,，,would,和,used to,表,“,过去的习惯,”,，而,would,与,used to,的区别是：,used to,表过去有而现在已经没有了的习惯，即表过去与现在对比；而,would,只表过去的习惯，不涉及现在。根据句意，此处用,would,。,答案：,C,(2)used to,强调过去的行为同现在的对比，含有,“,过去怎样，而现在却不这样了,”,的含义；而,would,则单纯表示过去的习惯性动作，常同,often,，,every day,等连用。,She isnt what she used to be.,她跟过去不一样了。,(,表示对比，不可用,would),We would sit in the yard every evening and listened to his story.,我们每天晚上坐在院子里，听他讲故事。,(,表示过去的重复性行为,),可能这样考,Mother_us,stories when we were young.,A,used to tell B,used to telling,C,would tell D,will tell,解析：,本句中有确定的时间段,when we were young,，因此要用,would,。,答案：,C,(3),表示过去的状态，只能用,used to,，不可用,would,。,There used to be a park here.,以前这里有一个公园。,可能这样考,He_a,waiter,，,but now a taxi driver.,A,would be B,used to be,C,could be D,should be,解析：,根据题意可知他过去是个侍者，而现在不是了，是一个出租车司机，因此要用,used to be,。,答案：,B,8,dare,和,need,的用法,(1)dare,的用法：情态动词,dare,主要用于疑问句与否定句中，后接动词原形,(,不带,to),，没有人称和数的变化，但过去式为,dared,；,dare,也可以用作行为动词，后跟,to do,不定式。,可能这样考,Miss White has decided to explore in the forest by herself.,She_ask,her boyfriend to if,she_go,walking in the forest.,A,neednt to;dares to,B,doesnt need;dares,C,need not to;dare to,D,neednt;dare,解析：,本题考查,need,和,dare,作情态动词的用法。,答案：,D,There is a lot of smoke coming out of the teaching building there.,Really,？,It _be a fire,，,most probably.,A,ought to B,can,C,have to D,must,解析：,表示推测，依据,most probably,，语气应为,“,应该,”,。,答案：,A,(2)need,的用法：,need,作情态动词时。没有人称时态的变化，后接动词原形，多用于疑问句或否定句中；,need,也可用作行为动词，后接名词、代词或带,to,的不定式。,这样考过,(2007,长沙,)Generally,，,reporters take positive,lines.They,do point out a few problems that,we_aware,of,，,but theres nothing worrying.,A,need to B,need,C,need be D,need to be,解析：,need,用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中，后跟动词原形；,need,用作行为动词时，用于肯定、否定和疑问句，后跟名词、代词、动词不定式或动词,ving,形式,(,用,ving,主动形式表示被动意义,),。此处是肯定句，故,need,用作行为动词，后跟动词不定式；,be aware of,“,知道,”,，因此选,D,。,答案：,D,(2010,淄博上学期期末,),In fact,you _ go outside at all.There,s a supermarket just downstairs.,A,couldnt B,mustnt,C,neednt D,shouldnt,答案：,C,(2007,江西九所,)I didnt go to work today.,You_,；,it is Sunday.,A,didnt need to B,mustnt have,C,cant have D,neednt have,解析：,一般情况下，动词不定式可省略,to,后的成分，而动词不定式本身的标志词,to,不能省略。,答案：,A,二、情态动词表示推测,1,情态动词用于对现在和过去的推测。,对现在的推测,对过去的推测,肯定,否定,肯定,否定,must do,cant do,must have,v,ed,cant,have,v,ed,could do,couldnt do,could have,v,ed,couldnt have,v,ed,may do,may not do,may have,v,ed,may not have,v,ed,might do,might not do,might,have,v,ed,might,not have,v,ed,should do,shouldnt do,should,have,v,ed,should,not have,v,ed,注意：,在表示推测时，,can,不用于肯定句，,may,不用于疑问句。,should,可用于表将来的推测。,这样考过,(,成都检测,),I cant find,Mr.Li,anywhere in the office,building.Where,_ he have gone?,A,must B,could,C,should D,would,解析：,could have done,“,有可能做了某事,”,，用于推测时，常用在否定句中和疑问句中；,must have done,“,肯定是做了某事,”,，用于肯定推测，用在肯定句中；,should have done,“,该做某事而事实上未做,”,；,would have done,“,将有可能做,”,。据句意知：他有可能去了哪里呢？综上，选,B,。,答案：,B,(,重庆,),Hi,，,Tom.Any,idea where Jane is?,She _ in the,classroom.I,saw her there just now.,A,shall be B,should have been,C,must be D,might have been,解析：,句意：,嗨，,Tom,，知道,Jane,在哪儿吗？,她肯定在教室里。我刚才在那儿看到她了。从对话中可以看出该空是对现在情况的较肯定的猜测。,答案：,C,(2008,重庆,),I cant find my purse anywhere.,You _ have lost it while shopping.,A,may B,can,C,should D,would,解析：,句意：,我到处都找不到我的钱包。,你可能在购物的时候弄丢了。根据句意首先排除,C,、,D,两项；,can,表,“,实际,”,的可能性时，只能用于否定句、疑问句，故被排除；,A,项表,“,推测,”,时常用于肯定句。,答案：,A,(,北京西城区,),There _ be any difficulty in passing the oral test since you have practiced a lot in school.,A,mustnt,B,shant,C,shouldnt,D,neednt,解析：,由句中,“,since you have practiced a lot in school,”,即,“,既然你在学校进行了大量的训练,”,推知,“,应该,”,是不会有什么困难。,should,表推测,“,按常理推测,”,。故选,C,。,答案：,C,(,上海,),It _ have been Tom that parked the car here,，,as he is the only one with a car.,A,may B,can,C,Must D,should,解析：,句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车。此句为强调句型，谓语动词为,must have been,，用,must,表示语气肯定的推测。,must have done,表示,“,(,过去,),一定做了某事,”,。,答案：,C,(,南通调研,),John,，,how did your English exam go?,I thought I _,，,but in fact I came in the top 10%in the class.,A,should have failed B,couldnt have failed,C,might have failed D,mustnt have failed,解析：,由句中,“,I thought I _,，,but in fact I came.,”,知我通过了考试，而在此之前担心,“,有可能考试不及格,”,，故选,C,。,答案：,C,(,福州模拟,),Where is Michael,？,I cannot find him anywhere.,He _ have been off,long.I,saw him study in the room just now.,A,shouldnt B,cant,C,mustnt D,neednt,解析：,cant(,不可能,),；,shouldnt(,不应该,),；,mustnt(,不可以,),；,neednt(,不必,),。由句中,“,我刚才还看见他在屋里学习呢。,”,可推知,“,他还没走多长时间。,”,can,表推测，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。综上，选,B,。,答案：,B,2,情态动词,have done,的其他含义,(1),“,should/ought to,have,v.ed,“,意为,“,本应该,”,，表示过去应该做而没有做的事，也可表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。,这样考过,(2007,陕西,)I told your friend how to get to the hotel,，,but perhaps,I_have,driven her there.,A,could B,must,C,might D,should,解析：,后半句的意思是：但也许我本应该开车送她去那儿。用,should,，构成,should,have done,结构，意思是：本应该做。,答案：,D,(2),“,shouldnt/ought not to,have,v.ed,”,意为,“,本不应该,”,，表示过去不应该做某事但却做了。,这样考过,(,天津河西区,),He _ back to work without the doctors,permission.Now,，,he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.,A,wouldnt have gone,B,couldnt have gone,C,neednt have gone,D,shouldnt have gone,解析：,由句中后半句,“,he has to stay in bed for a couple of days.,”,知,“,他未遵医嘱,”,，含有,“,不该做某事而做了,”,之意，故选,D,。,wouldnt have gone,“,本不会做而做了,”,；,couldnt have gone,“,本不可能做而做了,”,；,neednt have done,“,本不需做而做了,”,。,答案：,D,(,厦门质检,),You _ late for yesterdays class meeting,，,as it was so important.,A,couldnt be,B,shouldnt be,C,mustnt have been,D,oughtnt to have been,解析：,oughtnt to have done,同于,shouldnt have done,表示,“,不该做某事而做了,”,。由句意知,D,合题意。,答案：,D,(3),“,could,have,v.ed,”,意为,“,本能够，本可以,”,，表示过去本可以做某事，但却没做。,这样考过,(,江苏,),He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he _ it differently.,A,could express,B,would express,C,could have expressed,D,must have expressed,解析：,句意：他不后悔说了他做了什么，而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达。,could express,能够表达；,would express,要表达；,could have expressed,本来能够表达；,must have expressed(,表推测,),肯定已经表达。,答案：,C,(4),“,neednt,have,v.ed,”,意为,“,本没有必要,”,，表示过去本没有必要做某事，但却做了。,注意：,“,need not,have,v,.ed,”,表示过去本不必做但却做了的事；,“,did not need to,动词原形,”,表示过去不必做某事而实际上也没有做。如：,She need not have come yesterday.,她昨天本不必要来的。,(,但却来了,),She didnt need to come yesterday.,她昨天不必来。,(,实际上也没来,),三、固定用法,cant too.,无论怎样也不过分，越,越好；,cant help doing,情不自禁做某事；,may/might as well,还是做,的好；,would rather.than,宁愿做,也不愿做,。,这样考过,(,龙岩质检,),Traffic safety is so important that everyone _ take safety measures too seriously.,A,shouldnt B,mustnt,C,cannot D,wont,解析：,cant.too.,表示,“,怎么都不过分，千万，非常。,”,答案：,C,(,北京朝阳区,),She couldnt help,，,even though she tried not to,，,_ at the strange clothes her friend was wearing.,A,to laugh B,laugh,C,laughing D,laughed,解析：,couldnt help doing,禁不住做某事；,even though she tried not to,是状语从句，插到主句中了。,答案：,C,.,单项填空,1,Isnt that Anns husband over there?,No,，,it_be,him.Im,sure he doesnt wear glasses.,A,cant,B,must not,C,wont D,may not,答案与解析：,A,can,用于否定的猜测表示,“,不可能,”,。故选,A,。,2,Kunming,is,called,“,Spring,City,”,，,but,it_snow,in winter.,A,shall B,can,C,must D,might,答案与解析：,B,情态动词,can,表示客观的可能性，,“,有时可能,”,。,3,You _fail to pass the entrance examination if you dont study harder.,A,shall B,could,C,must D,should,答案与解析：,A,shall,用于二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话者的意愿，有命令、警告、威胁、允诺、决心之意。此题用,shall,，表示警告。,4,He didnt agree with me at first,，,but,I_persuade,him to sign the agreement later.,A,could B,might,C,should D,was able to,答案与解析：,D,情态动词,can,和,be able to,都可表示能力。当表示,“,过去成功地做了某事,”,时，用,was/were able to,。,5,When I was studying at Beijing University,，,I_take,a walk along the lake every evening.,A,will B,would,C,could D,shall,答案与解析：,B,情态动词,would,表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作。,6,Will you stay for lunch?,Sorry,，,_.My brother is coming to see me.,A,I mustnt B,I cant,C,I neednt D,I wont,答案与解析：,B,根据题义可知，因为,“,我弟弟要来看我,”,，所以,“,不能留下,”,，用,cant,，表示对别人的邀请或要求给予礼貌的拒绝。,A,项表示,“,禁止,”,；,C,项表示,“,不必要,”,；而,D,项表示,“,不会,”,，均不符合题义，故本题选,B,。,7,All the speech competitors _ remain in their own seats until the contest is over,，,according to the competition rule.,A,must B,may,C,shall D,need,答案与解析：,C,shall,用于表示规定要求。,8,Mum,，,I climbed to get the,Teddy,Bear,from the top of the shelf.,My goodness,！,You_yourself.You,mustnt do that next time.,A,must have hurt B,should have hurt,C,may have hurt D,can have hurt,答案与解析：,C,你可能会