高中英语 unit1 句子分类课件 新人教版必修1 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分和句子分类,预备知识点一：词类概述,词类,英语名称,作用,例词,名词,n.,表示人或事物的名称,man,dog,tree,book,冠词,art.,用在名词前，起修饰或限定作用,a,an,the,代词,pron.,代替名词或数词,I,you,that,this,some,a few,数词,num.,表示数量或顺序,one,two,first,形容词,adj.,修饰名词，表示人或事物的特征,red,beautiful,young,old,副词,adv.,修饰动词、形容词或其它副词,very,quickly,often,here,动词,v.,表动作或状态,walk,run,study,be,介词,prep.,用在名词、代词或数词前，表示和句中其它词的关系,in,on,at,behind,from,连词,conj.,用来连接词与词或句与句,and,but,if,or,感叹词,interj.,表示说话时的感情或口气,oh,hello,hi,er,一、句子成分,概述：,组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。句子成分包括,主语、,谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语。,主语,和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须,有主语和谓语）。,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,句子成分,特点和功能,例句,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,1.,是一个句子所叙述的主体，,一般位于句首,。,2.,常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词、数词和主语从句充当。,They,are students.,The sun,rises in the east.,太阳在东方升起。,To see,is to believe.,眼见为实。,1.,说明主语的动作、状态和特征，,一般放 在主语的后面,2.,常用动词或动词词组充当,We,study,English.,He,is,asleep.,You,may go,now.,1.,是动作行为的对象或承受者,放在及物动词或介词之后,2.,常用名词或相当于名词的词（动词不定时或动名词）、代词和数词充当,I like,China.,We study,English.,I play with,him,.,位于,系动词（如,be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem,等）之后,表示主语的性质、,状态和特征。,They are,students.,He is,asleep,.,他睡着了。,To see is,to believe.,（一）句子成分的特点和功能,句子成分,特点和功能,例句,定语,状语,修饰限定名词或代词，,说明该名词或代词的状态、品质、数量等。,1.,用来修饰动词、形容词和副词,和整个句子,的，表示事情发生的时间、地点、原因、结果、程度等等,2.修饰动词时，位置在该动词前后均可；修饰形容词或副词，要放在它们之前,The,little,boy needs a,blue,pen.,(,形容词,),小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。,Two,boys need two pens.,（数词）,两个男孩需要两支钢笔,His,name is Tom./,他的名字是汤姆,。（所有格）,The boy,in the classroom,needs a pen of yours.,教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔,。（介词短语）,The boy,sitting under the tree,is Tom.,坐在树下的男孩是,Tom.,（分词短语）,He runs,quickly.,他跑地很快。,She is,very,beautiful.,她非常漂亮。,I will go,there tomorrow.,我明天去那儿。,He works,in this factory,.,How about meeting again,at six,?,（时间状语）,Last night she didnt go to the dance party,because of the rain,.,（原因状语）,I shall go there,if it doesnt rain,.,（条件状语）,Mr Smith lives,on the third floor,.,（地点状语）,She works very hard,though she is old,.,（让步状语）,I am taller,than he is,.,（比较状语）,She put the eggs into the basket,with great care,.,（方式状语）,She came in,with a dictionary in her hand,.,（伴随状语）,In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.,（目的状语）,He was so tired,that he fell asleep immediately,.,（结果状语）,（二）练习,说出下列划线部分单词或词组在句子,中各充当什么成分,I dont like the picture on the wall.,My brother hasnt done his homework.,It is a great pleasure to talk with you.,He broke a piece of glass.,He wrote carefully some letters,主,谓语,宾语,状,语,主语,谓语,谓语,谓语,主,主,主,定语,宾语,宾语,状语,定语,表语,谓语,二、句子的分类,（按用途划分）：,陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,1.Tom can speak good English.,2.Tom can not speak good English.,3.Can you speak English?,4.What do you like?,5.He is a student,isnt he?,6.Sit down,please!,陈述句,陈述句（否）,疑问句（一般）,疑问句（特殊）,疑问句（反义）,祈使句,句型,结构,（,eg,.,1.,How,beautiful,she,is,!,）,eg.,2.,What,a clever boy,he,is,!,eg,.3.,What,clever students,they,are,!,eg,.4,What,bad news,it,is,!,1.,How,+,2.,What,+,形容词,/,副词,+,主语,+,谓语动词,+,其它,名词或名词词组,+,主语,+,谓语动词,+,其它,（四）感叹句：表示喜、怒、哀、乐等强烈情感的句子。,常用,what,或,how,（表多么）引导，句末用“！”。,可数名词单数、复数名词或不可数名词,二、句子的分类（按结构划分）：,简单句、并列句和复合句,（一）简单句：句子里只有一个主谓结构，且各个,成分都只由单词或短语构成。共有,5,种结构。,结 构,例 句,主语,+,不及物动词,He smiled.,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,We are Chinese.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,They study French.,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,Tom gives me a pen-box.,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,He found the old man dead.,主,+,谓,Peter,跑,Peter,跑的很快,漂亮的,peter,跑的很快,漂亮的,peter,在操场上跑的很快,漂亮的,peter,放学后在操场上跑的很快,Peter ran,Peter ran fast,Pretty Peter ran fast,Pretty Peter ran fast on the playground,Pretty Peter ran fast on the playground after class,主语,+,系动词,+,表语,Jim,是老师,Jim,是我的大学老师,我的邻居,Jim,是我的大学老师,Jim is a teacher,Jim is my college teacher,My neighbor Jim is my college teacher,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,Tom,爱,Jerry,Tom loved Jerry,Tom,很爱,Jerry,Tom loved Jerry very much,Tom,爱上,Jerry,在他,16,岁,Tom loved Jerry when he was 16.,可怜的,Tom,爱上,Jerry,Poor Tom loved Jerry,主语,+,及物动词,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,Lucy,借给,Lily,一本书,Lucy lent Lily a book.,她姐姐,Lucy,借给,Lily,一本英语书,.,Her sister Lucy lent Lily an English book.,她姐姐,Lucy,昨天借给,Lily,一本英语书,Her sister Lucy lent Lily an English book yesterday,主语,+,及物动词,+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,He found the old,man,dead,.,1.He kept the light open.,2.He found the man sleeping.,3.He walked in the classroom with his book in his hand.,（二）并列句：用并列连词把两个或两个以上的 简单句连接起来的句子。并列连词有,and,but,or,等。,Eg,.He is a student and I am a teacher.,He likes football,but I like basketball.,（三）复合句：一个句子里又包含一个或多个句子充当成分的句子。大句子叫主句，充当成分、附属于大句子的句子叫从句。,I believe,that you are right,.,我相信你是对的。,2.I dont know,where he lives,.,我不知道他住哪里。,3.,What I want,is a book.,我所想要的是一本书。,4.The boy,who is sitting under the tree,is Tom,坐在树下的男孩是,Tom.,宾语从句,宾语从句,主语从句,定语从句,He is a student and I am a teacher.,I believe,that you are right,.,复合,VS,并列,动词的种类,特点和例句,行为动词,或实义动词,连系动词,助动词,情态动词,1.,及物动词：后必须跟宾语,Eg,.They,study English,.,She,eats an apple,every day.,We,raise the flag,every Monday.,我们每周一升旗。,2.,不及物动词：后需加介词才能跟宾语,The flag,rises,.,旗升起来了。,Please,stand,up./Please,come,here.,They,listen,to,English,every morning.,他们每天早上都听英语。,连系动词后跟表语。,助动词无特殊意义，帮助构成否定句、疑问句、正在进行时态、完成时态或被动语态等,常见助动词有,be,do,have,We,dont,like the film.,我们不喜欢这部电影。,（用于否定句）,Tom,is,doing his homework.,汤姆正在做作业。,（用于正在进行时态）,He,has,finished his work.,他已经完成了工作。,（用于完成时态）,情态动词后须跟动词原形。情态动词有,will,can,may,must,need,等,You,may go,now.,你可以走了。,I,will be,there on time.,我会准时到那儿的。,常见连系动词有：,be,become/turn(,变得,),，,look(,看起来,),，,smell(,闻起来,),sound,（听起来），,feel,（摸起来），,taste,（尝起来）等,Eg,.She,is beautiful,./She,is a student,.,His face,turn red,.,他的脸变红了。,Your coat,looks nice,.,你的外套看起来很漂亮。,The music,sounds beautiful,.,这音乐听起来很美。,be,动词、助动词和情态动词变否定形式在其后直接加,not.,行为动词和除,be,动词,以外的系动词，变否,定形式要在其前加,dont,或,doesnt,。,可单独使用,必须与行为动词或系动词连用构成谓语,