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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,作文提要,提纲,姓名,出生日期,家庭背景,教育背景,工作成就,评价,典例,请根据下表内容写一篇介绍美国总统奥巴马的短文。,姓名,巴拉克,奥巴马,(Barack Obama),生日,1961,年,8,月,4,日,出生地点,夏威夷檀香山,(Honolulu,，,Hawaii),居住地,芝加哥市,(Chicago),家庭情况,父亲是肯尼亚,(Kenya),人，母亲是美国白人，,1992,年结婚，育有二女,(,玛丽亚,Malia,，娜塔莎,Sasha),教育背景,1983,年毕业于哥伦比亚大学,(Columbia University),，,1988,年考入哈佛法学院,(Harvard Law School),，,1991,年获博士学位,职业背景,毕业后当律师、大学讲师，后来一直从政。,2008,年,11,月,4,日，在大选,(the general election),中击败麦凯恩,(John McCain),，成为首位黑人总统,范文背诵,Barack Obama,，,the son of a black man from Kenya and a white American woman,，,born in Honolulu,，,Hawaii on August 4th,1961,，,lives in Chicago.Married in 1992,，,he has two daughters.In 1983,，,he graduated from Columbia University and in 1988,，,he was admitted into Harvard Law School,，,where he gained his doctors degree in 1991.After graduation he worked as a lawyer,，,lecturer and then began his political career.On November 4,2008,，,Barack Obama defeated John McCain in the general election and became the first African American President of the United States.,.,考纲词汇,1,n,地震,2,n,&,v,.,爆裂，爆发,3,n,.,事件，大事,4,n,.,蒸汽，水汽,5,n,&,v,.,废墟；毁灭；使破产,6,adj,.,无用的，无效的,7,v,&,n,.(,使,),震惊，震动；休克,earthquake,burst,event,steam,ruin,useless,shock,8,n,&,v,.,营救，援救,9,v,&,n,.,使陷入困境，陷阱,10,n,.,电，电学,11,n,.,灾难，灾祸,12,v,.,埋葬,13,n,.,掩蔽，避身处,14,n,&,v,.,裁判员，法官；断定,rescue,trap,electricity,disaster,bury,shelter,judge,15,n,.,报刊的大字标题,headline,.,词汇拓展,1,injure,vt,.,损害，伤害,n,损害，伤害,adj,.,受伤的,In the crash he was seriously,.He suffered severe,to the head and arms.,injury,injured,injured,injuries,2,destroy,vt,.,破坏，毁坏，消灭,n,破坏，毁坏,adj,.,破坏性的，毁灭性的,The,of the railway was a big loss in the storm,，,which was the most,in thirty years.,destruction,destructive,destruction,destructive,3,damage,n,&,vt,.,损失，损害,n,赔偿金,adj,.,受损的,His car,in the accident and so he got some,from the insurance company.,damages,damaged,Was damaged,damages,1,马上，立刻,2,结束，终结,3,发现，掘出,4,许多，大量的,5,分发，发出,6,仿佛，好像,right away,at an end,dig out,a (large)number of,give out,as if,7,满不在乎，对,评价差,8,倒塌,9,严重受损，破败不堪,10,在户外，在露天,11,为,感到骄傲,12,丧生，遇害,13,朝,方向,think little of,fall down,in ruins,in the open air,be proud of,lose ones life,in the direction of,14,筹款,15,绝望,raise money,lose hope,选用上述词语填空,Other scientists,his theory.,The big house,in the fire.,Many people,during the war.,Please tell him the good news,.,Many musicians,for the poor children now.,He rose to indicate that the conversation was,.,thought little of,fell down,lost their lives,right away,are raising money,at an end,1,In the farmyards,，,the chickens and even the pigs were,too,nervous,to,eat.,农家大院里的鸡，甚至猪都紧张得不吃食。,句型结构,too.to,意为,“,太,而不能,”,，表示否定意义。,句型仿写,太重了，你提不起来。,Its,for you,.,你太小了，不能理解这个问题。,.,too heavy,to lift,You are too young to understand the problem,2,It seemed,as if,the world was at an end!,世界似乎到了世界末日！,句型结构,as if,是连词词组，意为,“,好像，好似,”,，相当于,as though,，一般用于句型,It looks/seems as if.,中，其意思是,“,看起来好像,”,。其中,it,为形式主语，没有实际意义。,look/seem,是连系动词，,as if,引导的是表语从句。如果所引导的从句表示的情况接近事实，句子要用陈述语气，否则应使用虚拟语气。,句型仿写,看来好像要下雪了。,it might snow.,看来他不会向你让步。,.,Eliza,准确记得一切，就像发生在昨天一样。,It looks/seems as if,It seems as if he wont give in to you,Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it had happened yesterday.,3,All,hope was not lost.,并不是所有的希望都破灭了。,句型结构,英语中的,all,，,both,，,each,，,every,，,everybody,，,everything,等具有总括意义的代词与否定词,not,连用，构成部分否定，表示,“,不都，并非都,”,的意思。,句型仿写,这儿并非所有的人都同意他所说的话。,here agree with what he has said.,并不是每个男孩都像你这么勇敢。,.,Not everybody,Not every boy is as brave as you are,4,There was no stopping,the fire.,没有办法扑灭这场大火。,句型结构,There is no,ing,分词短语,It is impossible to do sth.,没可能做某事,句型仿写,无可否认，你在撒谎。,.,没有办法知道未来会是什么样子。,.,There is no denying that you are lying,There is no telling what the future will be like,语句衔接,用上述句型翻译下列小片段。,看起来美国就是财富的象征，然而，并不是每个美国人都富有。有些美国人穷得连饭也吃不起，也是不容抵赖的事实。,答案：,It,seems that America is the sign/symbol of wealth.However,，,not every American is rich.There is no denying that some Americans are too poor to buy food.,仔细阅读课文,“,A Night the Earth Didnt Sleep”,，写出文章的主旨大意。,答案：,The,passage,tells,us,about,the,powerful,Tangshan,Earthquake,in,1976,which,caused,more,than,400,000,people,to,be,killed,or,injured.Yet,，,the,whole,city,began,to,breathe,again with the help of the soldiers.,根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整,(,一空一词,),。,1,July 28,1976,，,eleven kilometers directly,2.,the city of Tangshan,，,the,3.,earthquake of the 20,th,4.,began.In fifteen terrible seconds,，,a large city lay in,5.,.Twothirds,6.,the people died,7.,were injured.Thousands of families were killed and many,8.,On,below,greatest,century,ruins,of,or,children,were left without parents.Everywhere the,9.,found nearly everything,10.,.People began to,11.,how long the disaster would,12.,.All hope was not,13.,.Many soldiers were sent there to,14.,the rescue workers.Slowly,，,the city began to breathe,15.,.,survivors,destroyed,wonder,last,lost,help,again,1,burst,vi,.,破裂；胀破；爆裂,n,爆发；突然爆裂,运用：完成下列句子。,因为大雨，那个堤坝决口了。,The dam _ because of heavy rain.,暴风雨来了，我们都淋湿了。,_ and we all got wet.,在第,16,届亚运会上，中国队员的精彩表现赢得了阵阵掌声。,The excellent performance of Chinese competitors at the 16th Asian Games caused _.,她急不可待要把好消息告诉他。,She _ the good news.,看到这条大狗后，男孩突然大哭起来。,The boy _ on seeing the big dog.,他没敲门就闯进房间。,He _ without knocking at the door.,答案：,burst,The storm burst,bursts of applause,was bursting to tell him,burst into tears/burst out crying,burst into the room,2,ruin,n,U,毁坏，毁灭，崩溃,C(,pl,.),废墟，遗迹,v,(,使,),破产，,(,使,),堕落，毁灭,be in ruins,成为废墟,be the ruin of,成为,毁灭,(,堕落,),的原因,bring sb.to ruin,使某人失败；使倾家荡产,come/fall to/into ruin,毁灭，灭亡；崩溃；破坏掉,ruin oneself,自取灭亡,ruin ones health/fame,毁坏某人的健康,/,名誉,运用：完成下列句子。,银行介入以使这家公司免于经济崩溃。,The bank stepped in to save the company from financial _.,正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。,That one mistake _,_ the job.,酗酒毁了他父亲，也会毁了他！,Drink was his fathers ruin and it will _ him too!,吸烟过量毁坏了他的健康。,Heavy smoking _.,答案：,ruin,ruined his chance of getting,be the ruin of,ruined his health,destroy,，,ruin,，,damage,，,break,(1)destroy,常指彻底的、不能或很难修复的,“,破坏,”,、,“,毁,坏,”,，程度较深；也可用于损坏抽象的东西，比如名誉、计划、努力、契约等。,(2)ruin,亦指彻底毁掉，但不含有以某种摧毁性的力量进行破坏，而含有在一定的过程中逐渐毁掉的意思。现多用于借喻中，有时泛指一般的,“,弄坏,”,。,(3)damage,是程度较小的,“,破坏,”,、,“,损坏,”,，一般指被破坏的物品可以重新修复。,(4)break,是,“,破坏，打破，打碎,”,的意思。它表示的范围极广，程度也不一样。可用于有形的东西，如石头、玻璃、瓷器等，也可用于无形、抽象的东西，如法律、沉默、魔力、习惯等。,运用：选用上述词语填空。,The houses were _.,Iraq lay in _ after the war.,The window was _.,答案：,destroyed,ruins,broken,3,injure,vt,.,损害，伤害,injured,adj,.,受伤的,the injured,指一类人，伤员,injury,n,.,伤害，损伤,运用：完成下列句子。,One of the players _(,膝盖受伤,)and had to be carried off.,This could seriously _(,损害公司的声誉,),他的胳膊和腿都受了重伤。,He suffered _ to arms and legs.,答案：,injured his knee,injure the companys reputation,serious injuries,wound,，,harm,，,hurt,，,injure,(1)wound,常指在暴力中受伤，尤指刀伤，枪伤等。,(2)harm,常用于口语，一般用作不及物动词，表示,“,对,有害,/,损害,”,，特指伤及一个人或其心情，健康，权利，事业等，并使之产生痛苦，损害或某种不幸遭遇。,(3)hurt,一般指精神上或肉体上受到的伤害。,(4)injure,主要指在事故中受伤。,运用：选用上述词语填空。,They were badly _ in the crash.,Smoking will surely do _ to ones health.,It _ me to think so many people died in the flood.,In the battle,，,hundreds of soldiers were _ and some were even killed.,答案：,injured,harm,hurts/hurt,wounded,4,bury,vt,.,埋葬，掩埋；隐藏；使沉浸，使专心；插入，刺入,运用：完成下列句子。,Their ambitions were finally dead and _(,被埋葬了,),She _(,掩面而泣,),Since she left,，,he has _,(,全心扑在工作上,),答案：,buried,buried her face in her hands and wept,buried himself in his work,5,judge,v,判断，估计,n,法官，裁判员,judge.(to be),.,判断,/,认为,是,judge.by/from.,根据,判断,judging by/from.,依据,来判断,运用：选用上述词语填空。,The _ sentenced him to five years in prison.,Dont _ a person _ his appearance.,I _ him _ about 50.,Their reunion _ a great success.,_ the look on Adams face,，,the news must have been terrible.,答案：,judge,judge,；,by,judge,；,to be,was judge to be,Judging by,6,think little of,不重视，不当一回事,think highly/well/a lot/much of,对,有好的评价,think poorly/badly/little/nothing of,对,评价不好,think nothing of it,不用谢，不要介意,运用：完成下列句子。,But the one million people of the city,，,who _(,不当一回事,)these events,，,went to bed as usual that night.,His work _(,得到好评,)by the critics.,He is _(,高度评价,)by the students.,答案：,thought little of,was well thought,highly thought of,7,at an end,结束，终结,put an end to,结束,bring sth.to an end,结束,at the end of,在,末端；在,结束时,in the end,最后，终于,by the end of,到,为止,(,用于完成时,),come to an end,结束,运用：完成下列句子。,His career seemed _(,结束,),At last the meeting _(,结束,),The government is determined to _(,废除,)terrorism.,I wonder how I can _ the dispute _(,结束,),答案：,at an end,came to an end,put an end to,bring,；,to an end,8,a number of,许多，大量,提醒,(1)a number of,pl,.,n,.,作主语，谓语动词用复数，,“,许多,；大量,”,。,the number of,pl,.,n,.,作主语，谓语动词用单数，,“,的数目,”,。如果说,“,数量多少,”,，要用,large,，,small,或,high,，,low,，不用,many,，,few,。,(2)large quantities of,pl,.,n,./U,n,.,作主语，谓语动词用复数。,large amounts of,U,n,.,作主语，谓语动词用复数。,运用：完成下列句子和用动词的适当形式填空。,已经出现了一些问题。,_ problems have arisen.,我们得到了人们的大力帮助。,We have had _ help from people.,他们在这个项目上花了大量的钱。,They spent _ money on this project.,A great number of children whose parents had died in the earthquake _(send)to live with families in other cities.,It is said that therere millions of camels in India and the number of them _(increase),Large quantities of fish _ recently _(catch),答案：,A number of,an enormous amount of,a great deal of,were sent,is increasing,have,；,been caught,9,Thousands of families were killed and many children,were,_,left,_,without,_,parents,.,成千上万的家庭被毁，许多孩子成了孤儿。,.were left without parents,是一个被动结构，,without parents,是介词短语，作主语补足语，表示主语的状态。,leave,作使役动词，意为,“,留下，剩下,；使,处于某状态,”,。构成的句式为：,leave sth./sb.,宾补,(,现在分词，过去分词，不定式，介词短语，副词，形容词,),。,运用：完成下列句子。,I went out and _(,门未锁,),She _(,让我等,)in the rain for an hour.,The bomb blast _(,炸死了,25,个人,),答案：,left the door unlocked,left me waiting,left 25 people dead,名词,al,形容词,(,表示,“,有,属性,”,，,“,与,有关,”,),。,动词,ive,形容词,动词,able,形容词,(,表示,“,能够,”,，,“,适于,”,，,“,值得,”,),名词,ful,形容词,名词,less,形容词,(,意思与原名词相反,),名词,ly,形容词,名词,y,形容词,名词,ous,形容词,名词,ly,形容词,如：,dirt,n,污物；脏物,dirty,a,脏的,danger,n,危险,dangerous,a,危险的,friend,n,朋友,friendly,a,友好的,agriculture,n,农业,agricultural,a,农业的,decide,v,决定；下决心,decisive,a,决定性的，关键的,change,v,变化；兑换,changeable,a,易变的，变化无常的,care,n,小心，关心,careful,a,小心的，仔细的,careless,a,粗心的,一、阅读下列句子，写出划线单词的意思。,1,You can find all the supplies,，,such as boxes,，,packing,tape and more at truck,rental,.(,),2,The good working condition in this city is,attractive,.,(,),3,You can rely on him because he is,reliable,.(,),4,Her words struck fear into her heart so that she was,sleepless,all night long,，,afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.(,),5,It was a,frosty,cold morning when he set off for the,remote village.(,),答案：,1.,租赁的,2.,吸引人的,3.,可依赖的，靠得住的,4.,没有睡觉的，不眠的,5.,有霜的,二、阅读下列短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。,Lucy likes talking and everybody says she is 1._,(communicate),She is 2._(act)in answering the teachers questions and from time to time her classmates find her answers quite 3._(impress)and 4._(accept),Of course,，,not every student likes her,，,but she has many friends who think Lucy is a 5._(create)and 6._(help)girl.For example,，,she once led a 7._(home)child to her home and made the child her younger sister.Besides,，,she spent 8._(count),hours caring for a sick neighbor until she was well again.She is 9._(friend)to those who have difficulty with their subjects.All in all,，,Lucy is the most 10._(fame)girl in her school.,答案：,municative,2.active,3.impressive,4.acceptable,5.creative,6.helpful,7.homeless,8.countless,9,friendly,10.famous,模仿朗读,(,四,),语音基础知识之四,英语同音词的选辨,在英语听力中，同音词的存在也增大了听力的难度。本单元主要介绍英语中常用的同音词及在辨别同音词时可用的一些小技巧。,把同音词认真比较一下，你会发现同音词虽然读音相同，表面上看难以区分，但实际上他们的意义与词性各异。在一个语境中，要分辨到底出现的是一组同音词的哪一个，只要从它在句子中所充当的成分及句子意义的要求两方面思考，这个同音词是不难确定的。,可见，同音词难点不难，关键在于听的时候要整体地摄入听力材料，切勿逐字逐句地听和分辨，特别是在有些语境下，某个词的选定还依赖与上下文所给出的意义的提示及要求。,当然，常见的同音词并不多，如果你对他们的读音、词性、意义及用法都很熟悉的话，在听力时便能有,“,成竹在胸,”,的优势了。,英语常见同音词列举：,ad,add,allowed,aloud,ate,eight be,bee,by,bye,buy bare,bear,bases,basis bored,board,cell,sell cite,sight,site,chews,choose dear,deer,for,fore,four flew,flu,flour,flower hi,high,night,knight know,no,knows,nose new,knew,made,maid meat,meet,one,won missed,mist,plain,plane our,hour,sea,see right,write,Wright,rite,son,sun sew,so,there,their,theyre threw,through,told,tolled two,too,to,whether,weather wait,weight,way,weigh where,wear,war,wore would,wood,witch,which,一、听录音，写出句子中所缺的单词。每个句子读两遍。,1,I_ like to go out and get some _ for the fire.,2,You wont get any _ until you give your dog,a_ of your cake.,3,Im not sure _ the_ will go on like this.,4,The _ school _ about the _,，,which the boys had dug in the _ school playground.,5,Thats _,！,Ple,_ names over _,6,Jenny _ her bike down the _and through,the forest.,7,I want to _ that white dress but I can find it no,_.,8,Can you _ her in the _,？,She is the,Only _ of the students who _ the game.,9,Ive got extra tickets for the game.You _ can,go_ the music with me,，,_.,10,Come _ to_ me clearly.My question is,，,“,Whats the best _ to _an elephant,？,”,二、模仿朗读,听录音，注意语音、语调、意群和连续。听力录音听两遍。,I am from Armenia.In my country,，,we celebrate Valentines Day on the same day as in America,，,but with another name.It is called St Sargis Day.On that day,，,lovers go out somewhere,，,maybe to a concert because all the concert halls have special concerts for St Sargis Day.,On the day before,，,young people go to church.The church will give out cookies.Young people eat the cookies at around 6 oclock in the afternoon,，,and they cant drink any water before going to bed,，,although the cookies are very salty.They may have a dream that night.In their dreams,，,someone gives them a glass of water,，,that person will be their future wife or husband.If you see an older woman in your dreams,，,maybe she will be your future mother-in-law!,答案：,一、,1.would,；,wood,2.peace,；,piece,3.whether,；,weather,4,whole,；,knew,；,hole,；,new,5.right,；,write their,；,there,6.rode,；,road,7.wear,；,where,8.see,；,sea,；,one,；,won,9,two,；,to,；,too,10.here,；,hear,；,way,；,weigh,二、略,录音材料：,一、听录音，写出句子中所缺的单词。每个句子读两遍。,1,I would like to go out and get some wood for the fire.,2,You wont get any peace until you give your dog a piece of,your cake.,3,Im not sure whether the weather will go on like this.,4,The whole school knew about the hole,，,which the boys had,dug in the new school playground.,5,Thats right,！,Please write their names over there.,6,Jenny rode her bike down the road and through the forest.,7,I want to wear that white dress but I can find it no where.,8,Can you see her in the sea,？,She is the only one of the,students who won the game.,9,Ive got extra tickets for the game.You two can go to the,music with me,，,too.,10,Come here to hear me clearly.My question is,，,“,Whats,the best way to weigh an elephant,？,”,二、略,句子结构,(,四,),一、,There be,句型,There,虽占据着主语的位置，但真正的主语放在动词的后面。在,There be,句型中，除了系动词,be,外，还可用,seem,，,happen,，,live,，,stand,，,come,，,go,，,used to,等动词。,There is/stands a tree in front of the house.,屋前有棵树。,提醒,(1)There be,句型表示,“,某地或某时有,/,存在某,物,”,，若表示某人或某物拥有某物时，要用,have,。,There is a small pond in the school.,学校里有个小池塘。,I have many books.,我,(,拥,),有许多书。,(2),在,there be,句型中，主语后的动词形式。主语与动词是主动关系，用现在分词；是被动关系用过去分词；表示将来发生的事则用不定式。,There is a purse lying on the ground.,地上有一个钱包。,There are ten people killed in the accident.,有十人死于事故。,There are five soldiers to attend the meeting.,有五名士兵要参加这个会议。,There are seven roads to be rebuilt next year.,下年还有七条公路需要重修。,(3),几种扩展形式：,there used to be,.,曾经有,(,但现在没有了,),there is/are
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