合同翻译培训-1 入门、总体结构和定义.pdf

合同翻译培训-1 入门、总体结构和定义合同翻译培训大纲 合同翻译入门、总体结构（宏观上）和定义 合同翻译的20个经典表达和相关法律用语 合同翻译的正式用语和规约用语fherein,hereunder等）和句子结构剖折 合同中各个章节的常用句型（微观上）合同的概念和6的1.合同是什么？合同的目的是什么？合同是平等主体之间设立的确定先事权 利和义务的法律协议，是预防与斛决争 议的依据。合同的表现形式2合同类法律文件有哪些表现形式（文体）呢？A 意愿书 Letter of Intent 备忘录Memorandum of Understanding（简称MOU）A 确认书 Confirmation订单OrderA 合同、协议 Contract,Agreement 补充协议 Supplemental Agreement 函 Letter 弃权书Waiver 保证书Guaranty 委任书 Power of Attorney合同的分类-常见的合同类型/服务合同 Service Contract/劳动/劳务合同 Employment/Labor Service Contract采购合同 Purchase fSales)Contract/Agreement/租赁合同 Lease Contract技术转让 Contract for Technology Transfer“外贸合同 Contract for Foreign Trade保险合同 Insurance Contract/信资合同 Contract for Credits and Loans常见的法律合同类型举例1.工业用丁二林供应合作备 忘录2.Supplemental Agreement for Scaffolding Service3.二氧化碳利用项目谅解各 忘录4.教堂（场地）租用协议5.石化产品储售合同6.国有建设用地使用权出让 合同7.Purchase Contract8.采购合同通用文本9.房产租赁合同10.船舶运输合同11.服务技术合同概要12.玛头沟住服务合同13.装置维修合同常见的法律合同类型举例1.工业用丁二舜供应合作备忘录 Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)for Butadiene Supply2.Supplemental Agreement for Scaffolding Service 脚手架服家补充协议3.二氧化碳利用项目谅解备忘录 Memorandum of Understanding(MOU)forCarbon Dioxide Supply Project4.教堂(场地)租用林议Classroom(Site)Leasing Agreement5.石化产品稳售合同Sales Contract for Petrochemical Products6.国有建设用地使用权出让合同Contract for the Assignment of State-owned Construction Lend Use Right7.Purchase Contract购货合同8.采购合同通用文本Standard Text of Procurement Contract9.房产租赁合同Contract for Lease of Real Estate10.船舶运输合同Shipping Service Contract11.服务技术合同概要Service Procurement ContractSummary12.码头湎住服务合同Agreement for Terminal Berth Services13.装置维修合同Agreement for Unit MaintenanceServices9合同的文体有哪些特点呢I1.通过word演示一篇合同：”服务合同Sample”2.The PMC Contractor shall,unless the Owner agrees in writing to waive this requirement,provide to the Owner prior to the execution of any bond pursuant to Article 6.7,or parent company guarantee pursuant to Article 6.8,an opinion in writing by an established and qualified lawyer in the country where the bank,other financial institution or person who is to execute such document is incorporated,in substantially the same form as the draft contained in Annex M and acceptable to the Owner.3.All rights of a Party hereunder shall remain in force notwithstanding any negligence,forbearance or delay in the enforcement thereof by such Party,and such Party shall not be deemed to have waived any of its rights hereunder unless such waiver is made in writing.4.NOW,THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein,the Parties hereto agree as follows:合同的文体特点总结A篇章结构完整、有条理,合同文体的基本体式即为纲目、条款和细则，合同 的条款在句式结构上往往大同小异，口地就是为了 保持其结构上的一致性。A句式结构复杂（永运等不到的句号）,多使用条件状语从句/定语从句专业、正式、规范,合同具有法律属性，其措辞庄严、正式，使用大量 商务术语、法律术语及其他具有法律语言特点的正 式词语，不允许文字上的随意性。合同文体翻译要求A 忠实、准确(Faithfulness and Accuracy)/直接影响当事人的权利和义务A 完整、规范(Completeness and Expressiveness),主要体现在篇章组织、格式、用词、术语和表述等 方面 达意、通畅 fExpressiveness and SmoothnessJ/注意语法和句子结构的组织等细节合同文体的翻译流程分析玲理解玲表达玲校正一、分析了解合同种类、吃透条款内涵，不同的题材和种类都有各自不同的章法可遵循。二、理解翻译前要读懂原丸 这是做好合同翻译的首要条件(1)理解合同文件中的规约用语英语中某些副词如“here及“where在经济合同中往往当作前缀，与另一 个词构做规约用语。以这种方法构成的词主要有：hereafter,hereby,herein,hereof,hereto,hereinafter;thereafter,therein,thereinafter,therein,thereof,hereunder,thereunder,thereupon,whereas,whereby,etc(2)读懂合同文件中的句子结构合同文件中的英文句子具有结构严谨、句式枝长，尤其注意分清状语的关 余，擅于找出句子的主干。合同文体的翻译流程-续三.表达在彻底吃透和理解原文的基础上,表达需首先 慎重选词。避免：词义理解片面；用法搭配不当；语体不 尽一致；表述不合近稗四.校正校正过程中要注意的问题是细节，如合同中的 重要条款、细节部分和家易被忽略的细微之处;是否有漏译或错译等等。合同结构合同名称和目录合同开头语合同定义合同正文(Main Body/Principal Document)A一般条款(General Terms and ConditionsJ；A特殊条款(Special Terms and ConditionsJ合同结尾 CWITNESSClause；A.结尾播；B.签名(Signature J；C.盖印f Seal J合同结构-目录部分导言订约缘由第1条：定义第2条：甲方责任第3条：乙方责任第4条：期限和终止第5条：价格和支付条款第6条：支付、所有权转移第7条：保险范围第8条：保证第9条：违约责任和赔楂第10条：争议解决第11条：保密资料第12条：健康和安全第13条：转让第14条：变更第15条：不可抗力第16条：通知第17条：适用法律第18条：税费与关税第19条：其它规定合同结构-6录部分-译文导言 PREAMBLE订约缘由RECITALS第1条:定义ARTICLED DEFINITIONS第2条：甲方责任ARTICLE 2:PARTY AS ESPONSIBILITIES第3条：乙方责任ARTICLE 3:PARTY BS ESPONSIBILITIES第4条：期F艮和终止ARTICLE 4:TERM AND TERMINATION第5条：价格和支付条款ARTICLE 5:PRICE AND PAYMENT TERMS第六条：支付、所有权转移ARTICLE 6:DELIVERY,TITLE TRANSFER第7条：保险范围ARTICLE 7:INSURANCE COVERAGE第8条：保证ARTICLE 8:WARRANTY第9条：适约责任和赔偿ARTICLE 9:LIABILITIES AND INDEMNIFICATION 第10条：争议解决ARTICLE 10:DISPUTE RESOLUTION第11条：保密资料ARTICLE 11:CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION第12条：健康和安全ARTICLE 12:HEALTH AND SAFETY第13条：转让ARTICLE 13:ASSIGNMENT第14条：变更ARTICLE 14:CHANGES第15条：不可抗力ARTICLE 15:FORCE MAJEURE第16条：通知ARTICLE 16:NOTICES第17条：适用法律ARTICLE 17:GOVERNING LAW第18条：税费与关税ARTICLE 18:TAXES AND DUTIES第19条：其它规定ARTICLE 19:MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS合同结构-开头语 Preamble-导言/前言仃约日期和地点合约当事人姓名或名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所和合法依 据 Recitals-订约缘由由数个以“Whereas字样开头的句子所组合而成，表示当事人乃是 在本于对这些事实(例如订约的目的、背景来由等)的共同认识,订立此合约 Operative Part-桥集部分序文与主文之间的桥梁，在此之前为订约背景事实的叙述，在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定(Now Therefore,.)合同结构-开头语的开场白 合同的开场白-PreambleThis Agreement/Contract is made and entered into effective this_day of（month）,（year）by and between本合同于 年 月 日由以下双方签订并生效_a corporation incorporated under the laws of the Peoples Republic of China,having its registered office at_,（hereinafter referred to as Party A）甲方：（该公司依据中华人民共和国法律设立，注册地址为,以 下简称为“甲方”）And_,a corporation incorporated under the laws of_,with an officeat（hereinafter referred to as Party乙方：根据 法律设立的公司（以下简称为“乙方”，）,办公室 地址位于（以下称为“乙方”）结构归纳和忍结 第一句关键引言：This Contract is made/entered into effective on_/as of_ by andbetween（两 方）/by and among（三方以 上）公司名称、成立的表达 A corporation（duly）organized and existing/incorporated under the laws of,装rganizecT也可以用“incorporated”来代口公司营业场所和地址的表达：Having its registered address atWith an address at.With an office at合同开头语-Recitals订约缘由简单例证1鉴于 WHEREAS:甲方有意委托乙方提供合同项下的服务，Party A intends to retain Party B to perform Services hereunder,乙方有意按照约定完成本合同项下的服务。Party B intends to undertake the Services as contracted hereto合同开头语-Recitals订约缘由A复杂例证2WHEREAS,Owner intends to build the Refinery Project.The individual process unit capacities and configuration are yet to be confirmed.有鉴于业主拟建设炼油项目Owner therefore desires that PMC Contractor render certain project management and related services required to ensure the smooth,coordinated,expeditious and state of the art execution of the Project;and业主希望项百管理承包商提供其所需的部分项目管理服务和相关服务，确 保顺利、有序、快速地且以当前科技水平实施本项目；并且WHEREAS,PMC Contractor represents that it is able and willing to render to Owner such services during all phases of the Project implementation;鉴于项目管理承包商表明其有能力而且愿意为业主在项目实题的所有阶段 提供上述服务订约缘由总结Whereas前面有时候会有WITNESSETH出 现，参见合同范文。WHEREAS引导的句子形式Whereas:Party A.;Party B.Whereas,Party A.;Whereas,Party B.WHEREAS引导下的句子表达 intends to/desires to/desires that/represents that/合同开头和正文的桥梁部分例证1NOW,THEREFORE,Party A and Party B hereby agree as follows例证2NOW THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations of the Parties,it is hereby agreed as follows:例证3NOW,THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein,the Parties hereto agree as follows:合同开头和正文的桥梁部分（续）例证1NOW,THEREFORE,Party A and Party B hereby agree as follows因此，合同各方在此约定如下：例证2NOW THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual covenants and obligations of the Parties,it is hereby agreed as follows:据此，现为了明确双方之间达成的契 约和各方应承担的义务，双方达成协 议如下 例证3NOW,THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein,the Parties hereto agree as follows:兹以上述各点和本协议所载条款为约 因，双方达成如下协议。桥梁部分结构归纳 用NOWTHEREFORE（可连一起也 可加送号）承上启下,翻译为：因此,据此 In consideration of.为明确/兹.（作为.的对价，.j Party A and Party B hereby agree as follows/lt is herby agreed as follows（主动表达/被动表达皆可）注意Covenants翻译为契约,在这 个结构中用的很广泛合同结构-结尾辞 Preamble-导言/前言订约日期和地点 合约当事人姓名或名称、当事人的国籍与住所或主营业所和合法依据 Recitals 订约缘由由数个以“Whereas字样开头的句子所组合而成,表示当事人乃是在本于 对这些事实(例如订约的百的、背景来由等)的共同认识,订立此合约 Operative Part桥梁部分序文与主文之间的桥梁，在此之前为订约背景事实的4天述，在此之后则为关于交易关系的实体约定(Now Therefore,.)合同结尾部分英文合约架构中的最后一部份通常涉及：合同份教，效力、语言，各种 文本的效力、对合同修改补充的效力及结尾辞与当事人的签名。合同的结尾辞例证1IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the Parties have duly executed this Contract as of the day and year first written above.例证2IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement as of the date first above written.Pa rty A Pa rty BBy:By:Title:Title:合同的结尾辞-总结IN WITNESS WHEREOF翻译成特此为证/在 此等字眼A用标准模式IN WITNESS WHEREOF引导一 个观点完成时的句子，表示合同的效力。A合同的效力条款有两组（注意区分）开头部 分：is made and entered into.（一 般时杰）结尾部分：The Parties hereto have（duly）executed/entered into/caused this Contract/Agreement as of.结尾辞翻译例证1IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the Parties have duly executed this Contract as of the day and year first written above.乙方与甲方在此共同签署并自正文开头所述的日期执行本合同。口例证2IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement as of the date first above written.协议双方已于本协议首就日期签署本协议，特此为证。Party A（甲方）Party B（乙方）By:By:，签署人：如名）Title职务:Title职务:合同的结尾框架内今1.本合同协议书用中英文书就，一式三份，有歧义时，以 英文为准。卖方轨二份，买方批一份。2.该协议有效期四C4J年，力协权由双方授权代表正式签 署之日起计算。3.本合同名双方授权代表签字之日起生效4.The annexes as listed in Article 10 shall form an integral part to this Contract,being equally authentic with the Contract.5.Any amendment and/or supplement to this contract will be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documents.合同的结尾框架翻译1.本合同协议书用中英文书就，一式三份，有歧义时，以英文为准。卖方机二份，美方批一份。The Contract shall be made in Chinese and English in three originals,two for the Seller and one for the Buyer,and if there is any discrepancy between English version and Chinese version,the English version shall govern.2.该协议有效期四C4J年，自协议由双方授权代表正式签署之日起计算。This Agreement w川 be valid for four(4)years starting from the time when it is duly signed by the authorized representatives of both Parties.3.本合同自双方授权代表签字之日超生效。This contract shall come into force from the date it is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties.4.The annexes as listed in Article 10 shall form an integral part to this Contract,being equally authentic with the Contract.第十章中列出的附件为本合同不可分割的组成部分,与合同具有同等效力。5.Any amendment and/or supplement to this contract will be valid only after the authorized representatives of both parties have signed written documents 对本合同的任何修改和或补充，只有在双方授权代表在书面签字后方为有效，并 氐为本合同不可分割的组房部分.合同的结尾框架总结 协议几份的表达(shall)be made in_originals,_for Party A and _for Party B(或用hold)有歧义，以为准In case of/if.discrepancy,.shall govern/control/prevail 协议自.签字/盖章生效Be effective upon the date when(on which).附件为组成部分form/become/constitute an integral part.具有同等效力be equally authentic with;have equal force 对的修改、补充amendment and supplement to the Contract.合同结构-现场巩固练习-1 本合同由下述甲方乙方共同签订并于2008年1月1日生效This Agreement is effective as of July 1,2008;and made by and between 上海诺森泵业制造有F艮公司,一彖根据空回法律设立的中外合济的有F艮责任公司，其法定地址住于上诲市松江区新浜工业区用曹路618号_(以下简称“甲方”)。Shanghai Nuosai Pump Manufacture Co.,Ltd.,a Sino-foreign equity joint venture company with limited liability duly organized and existing under the laws of the PRC and with its registered address at No.618,Lucao Road,Xinbang Industrial Zone,Songjiang District,Shanghai City,PRC(hereinafter referred to as Party A):And 扬州市扬子工业设备安装有F艮公司，一彖根据生回法律设立的公司，注册在江苏 直提批茎工商行政管理局，其法定地址住于扬州市盐阜泵路9号7室(以下简称“乙 方”)。Yangzhou Yangzi Industrial Equipment Installstion Company Limited,a corporation incorporated under the laws of the PRC,registered with Jiangsu Ycrgzhou Administration of Industry and Commerce with its legal address at Room 7,No.9,East Yanfu Road,Yangzhou City,Jiangsu Provicc巳 PRC(hereinafter referred to as Party B).合同结构-现场巩固练习-2鉴于：WHEREAS:甲方有意委托乙方就本合同项下提供服务。Party A intends to entrust Party B with the Service under this Contract.乙方希望按本体议所就条款完成甲方在本合同项下所委托的服务。Party B desires to undertake the Services commissioned by Party A hereunder in accordance with the terms and conditions contained herein.NOW,THEREFORE,in consideration of the mutual promises and covenants contained herein,the Parties hereto agree as follows:兹以上述各点和本协议所载条款为约因，双方达成如下彷议：合同结构现场巩固练习-3 本合同一式四份，甲方和乙方各执两份，具有同等效力。This Contract is made in Four Originals,two for Party A and two for Party B,being equally authentic.本合同用英文书写，中文版本和英文版本有任何歧义，以英文版本为主。This Contract is made in English.In case of any discrepancy between the Chinese Version and English version,the English one shall prevail/govern.为胭信奇，合同各方于本协议首就日期开始执行本合同IN WITNESS WHEREOF,the parties hereto have entered into this Agreement as of the date first above written.本合同期F艮由正文开头所述的日期开始生效并至2010年11月30日终止，未合同内对提早终止合同日期另有约定者除外。This Contract shall take into effect as of the first date written above and terminate on November 30th,2010,unless otherwise sooner terminated herein.合同结构-Homeworka.阅读指定的合同范本，熟悉合同结构,将合同标题提炼并摘录（双语）下来。b.巩固课堂上的翻译段落。c.完成给出的Training 1-Homework合同的定义-目的A合同中定义条款有什么作用？/提高语言的精确性，避免法律关系的模糊不请引发 争议O,避免重复冗长的叙述占去太多不必要的篇幅，减轻 同揍上的负担。哪些名词术语需要定义？/在合同中重复出现,具有特殊意义,对确定当事人的权利和义务有关键性作用合同的定义-对象合同中需要定义的名词举例 时间、日期，如：生效可、商业运行日期、验收日期等。地点：如：作业场地等。合同及合同文件：合同指或其它相关文件的具体花围 合同方、一方、双方、第三方 服务或作业范围 验收证书、验收标准、作业规范等 服务费、付款、货币 相关法律 设备本身合同定义的巧妙表达-承上启下合同定义前，通常有这样一个承上启下的经典句型 The following terms shall have the meaning set forth below when used in this Agreement:本合同中，下列术语应具有以下规定之含义：Unless the terms or context of this Contract provide otherwise,the following terms shall have the meanings set out below:除非本合同条款或者上下文另有规定，以下术 语应具有下文给定的含义：合同定义的巧妙表达-正文1.或“天”系指公历目 历的每天。2.“年”系指12个公历月。3.“生效日”余才旨本丈丈看所 我日期4.金业日”系指在中华民国 与纽约,银行与外汇市场善 处之日5.“现场”系指由上诲诺赛泵 业制造有限公司所有的，装 置所在的不动产。6.“中国”系指中华人民共和 国。7.“合同”系指合同正文及所 有附件。8.“甲方”IU旨上诲诺赛泵业制造有F艮 公司及其合法的继承人和受让人。9.“乙方”系指本合同前言部分述明的 乙方及经甲方认可的合法继承人和受 让人。10.在本合同中，甲方或乙方单独称为 合同一方，合称为“合同各方”另一方条指一方以外的其它一方。1L“税药”系指任何政府或有权机构所 收取的任何性质的税收、费用。12.“装置”系指组成本项口或者构成本 项目一部分的一套或多套装置。13.“季度款”系指依据第5.2款业主将向 承包商支付的定期款项。14.“服务”系指由乙方提供的技术客询、论证等技术服务工作，具体在附件A 中约定。合同定义的巧妙表达-正文1.“目或“天”系指公历日历的每天。Days,means calendar days.2.“年”系捐12个公历月。“Year,means 12 calendar months.3.“生效日”系指本文丈首所我日期Effective Date means the date first written above.4.营业日”系指在中华民国与纽约，银行与外 汇市场营业之日uBusiness Day means a day on which banks and foreign exchange markets are open for business in the Republic of China and New York5.“现场”系指由上诲诺赛泵业制造有限公司所有的、装置所在的不动产。“Site means Shanghai Nuosai Pump Manufacture Co.,Ltd.,upon which the Facility is located.6.中国”系居中华人民共和国。“China or PRC means the Peoples Republic of China.7.“合同”系指合同正文及所有附件。Contract means Principal Document and all Exhibits attached hereto.8.“甲方”系指上诲诺赛泵业制造有F艮公司及其合法的继承人 和受让人。“Party A means Shanghai Nuosai Pump Manufacture Co.,Ltd and its legal successor and assignee.9.“乙方”系指本合同前言部分述明的乙方及经甲方认可的合 法继承人和受让人。“Party B“means the party as defined in the foreword part of this Contract and its legal successors and permitted assignees.10.在本合同中，甲方或乙方单独称为“合同一方”，合称为“合同各方“O另一方系指一方以外的其它一方。Party means either of Party A or Party B,which shall be referred to herein collectively as the Parties.The Other Party shall refer,in relation to any one Party,to the other Party.11.“税赛”系指任何政府或有权机构所收取的任何性质的税收、费腐。“Taxes means any tax,taxation,expense,customs,tariffs and any other charges which are levied by any government authority or any entity that is authorized legally to levy the tax.12.“装置”系指组成本项目或者构成本项目一部分的一套或多 套装置。“Plant(s)”means the plant or plants that form or will form part of the Project13.“季度款”系指依据第5.2款业主将向承包商支付的定期款项。aQuarterly Payments means the scheduled payments to be made by Owner to Contractor under Section 5.2.14.服务”系指由乙方提供的技术客询、论证等技术服务工作，具体在附件A中约定。Services means Technical Services such as Technical Consulting and Reasoning furnished by Party B to Party A as further described in Exhibit A.合同定义的巧妙表达-总结合同中定义条款表达注意：1.中文中用“系指”，英文对应的用 means/refersto,格式上注意加粗和加 引号,表示突出显示