中考专题十一句子的种类和成分.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第,11,讲,句子种类和成分,一、完成句子，每空一词,Do,you,What,1,_ _(,你,)often exercise?,Yes.,Dont,What,a,2,_(,什么,)are you doing here?,We are practicing a new show.,3,_(,不要,)tell me the same story any more.I dont,want to listen to it again.,or,4,_ _(,多么,)great change it is!,5,Is he Jim _(,还是,)Tom?,I think hes Tom.,didnt hedid he,How longHow soon,二、单句改错,1,He didnt do anything about it,didnt he,？,_,2,How,long,will,the,building,be,finished,？,_,WhatWhy,3,What does he want to be a pilot?_,4,What a beautiful it is,！,_,5,I dont think shes that young,do I,？,_,What aHow,do Iisnt she,句子种类,一般疑问句,1,把,be,动词、助,动词、情态动词置于句首。,2,直接用,yes,或,no,来回答。,3,如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非,肯定词。如：,Are there,any,trees in the garden,？,院子里有树吗？,如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答，则句中常用肯定词。如：,Would you like,some,drink,？,你想喝点什么吗？,特殊疑问句,特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用,yes,或,no,回答,，而是根据具体情况进行回答。,1,疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时，,用“疑问词一般疑问句”结构。如：,How did you come here,？,你怎么来这里的,？,2,疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。如：,Whose father works in Shanghai?,谁的父亲在上海工作？,3,特殊疑问词有：,when,where,what,who,whom,whose,which,why,how,how many,how much,how soon,how often,how old,等。,选择疑问句,由“一般疑问句,or,供选择的部分”构成，不能用,yes,或,no,来回,答。如：,Is it the name of a book or a movie?,它是一本书还是一部电影的名字？,Its the name of a book.,它是一本书的名字。,反意疑问句,1,构成：陈述句简略问句,遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。,简略问句的主语与陈述句的主语保持一致，且只能用相应,的人称代词,(there,除外,),。简略问句的谓语动词也与陈述句的谓,语保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用缩写。如：,Your brother went home,didnt he?,你哥哥回家了，是吗？,There are many flowers in the box,arent there?,盒子里有很多花，是吗？,2,陈述句用“,Im.”,结构时，简略问句一般用“,arent I”,。,3,陈述句中有,little,few,no,never,nothing,nobody,hardly,等表示否定意义的词时，简略,问句用肯定形式。如：,There is little milk in the bottle,is there?,瓶子里没多少牛奶了，是吗？,4,陈述句主语为不定代词,nothing,something,anything,时，,简略问句的主语用代词,it,；陈述句主语为不定代词,everyone,no,one,someone,everybody,nobody,anybody,时，简略问句的主语,常用代词,they,，有时也用,he,。,5,陈述句的主语是指示代词,this,或,that,时，简略问句的主,语用,it,；陈述句的主语是,these,或,those,时，简略问句的主语用,they,。,6,陈述句部分如果是“,I(dont)think(believe,suppose.),宾语从句”结构,，简略问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中的主,语和谓语保持一致。如：,I dont think he is right,is he?,我认为他不对，是吧？,7,陈述句部分含有情态动词,must,，表示猜测“一定是；,必定”时，简略问句部分与,must,后面的部分保持一致，不能用,mustnt,；当,must,表示“一定要；必须”时，简略问句部分用,neednt,。如：,You must be a lawyer,arent you?,你一定是个律师，是不是？,He must return tomorrow,neednt he?,他明天必须回去，是不是？,We mustnt speak loudly in the library,must we?,我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗，对不对？,8,祈使句的反意疑问句,肯定祈使句，,will you/wont you?,否定祈使句，,will you?,Lets.,，,shall we,？,(,包括对方,),Let us.,，,will you,？,(,不包括对方,),9,感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用,be,动词的一,般现在时。如：,What a fine day,isnt it,？,多好的天气呀，不是吗？,10,对反意疑问句作答时，需根据其实际情况而定。实际,情况是肯定的，则用“,Yes,肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，,则用“,No,否定结构”。如：,You wont go there,will you?,你不会去那里，对吗？,Yes,I will.,不，我会去。,祈使句,祈使句用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，主语通常省略。,肯定式谓语动词用原形，否定式用“,Dont(Never),动词原,形”。如：,Turn on the light.,开灯。,Dont turn on the light.,不要开灯。,感叹句,感叹句通常用,what,或,how,引导，用来表示强烈的感情。,感叹句的基本句型有：,1,以,how,开头的感叹句,(1),How,形容词,/,副词主语谓语,How high the building is!,这楼真高！,(2),How,形容词,/,副词,(,省略主语和谓语,),How interesting(it is),！真有趣！,(3)how,还可修饰动词，句型是“,How,主语谓语”。如：,How they need a good teacher!,他们是多么需要一位好老师呀！,2,以,what,开头的感叹句,(1),What,(,a/an,),形容词名词,(,主语谓语,),What a beautiful flower it is,！多美丽的一朵花啊！,What fine weather,！多好的天气！,(2),What,(,a/an,),名词,(,省略主语和谓语,),What a pity,！真遗憾,！,句子,成分,构成,例句,主语,名词、主格代词、数词、动,词不定式、动名词等,That man,looks strange.,那个,人看起来很奇怪。,谓语,动词，一般位于主语之后,He,puts,the book on the,table.,他把书放在桌上。,句子成分,句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、,同位语和宾语补足语。见下表：,宾语,名词、宾格代词、数词、动,词不定式、动名词等,I waited for,the bus,for half,an hour.,我等公交车等了半,小时。,表语,在连系动词之后的形容词、,副词、名词、代词、,不定式、介词,短语等,The weather is,wet,in the,southern part.,在南部，气候潮,湿。,定语,形容词、副词、代词、,数词、名词,、动词不定式、,介词短语,等,The boy,in blue,is Tom.,穿蓝,色衣服的男孩是汤姆。,句子,成分,构成,例句,状语,副词、介词短语、分词和分,词短语、不定式等,The girl lives,in AmeriAmeri-ca,.,这个女孩住在美国。,宾语,补足,语,形容词、副词、名词、,代词、数词,、不定式、分词等,We found him,alone,by the,lake.,我们发现他独自一人,在湖边。,同位,语,名词、数词、代词或从句,We Chinese,wont give in to,difficulties.,我们中国人不会,向困难低头。,续表,(,)1.(2013,年广东,)You hav,ent been to the West Lake,have you?,_.But I will go there with my parents this summer,vacation.,A,No,I havent,C,Yes,I have,B,No,I didnt,D,yes,I did,A,题意：“你从来没有去过西湖，是吗？”“是的，我,没有去过。但是这个暑假我将和父母一起去。”反意疑问句要,根据实际情况来回答，根据题意可知是表示“没有去过”，故,选,A,。,(,)2.(2013,年广东佛山,)_,delicious food my,mother cooks every day!,A,What a,B,What,C,How,B,what,引导的感叹句句式为“,what(,a/an),形容词,名词主语谓语”，,how,引导的感叹句句式为“,how,形容,词主语谓语”，若形容词后是一个完整的句子，则应用,how,引导，由此可排除,C,。又因,food,是不可数名词，故选,B,。,(,)3.(2014,年广东河源,)_,interesting book it is!,A,How,B,What,C,What an,D,How a,C,what,引导的感叹句句式为“,What,a/an,形容词名,词主语谓语！”，,interesting,以元音音素开头，应该用冠词,an,，故选,C,。,(,)4.(2014,年广东深圳,)Rose,we will start at six,tomorrow morning.Dont be late,_,？,_.Ill be there on time.,A,wont you;Yes,I will,B,will you;Yes,I will,C,will you;No,I wont,D,wont you;No,I wont,C,根据前否后肯的原则，可排除,A,、,D,两项；又根据回答,可知实际情况是“不会迟到”，故选,C,。,(,)5.(2013,年广东,)Alice h,ad nothing for breakfast this,morning,_,？,No.She got up too late.,A.had she,B,hadnt she,C,did she,D,didnt she,C,前面陈述句中有表示否定的,nothing,，动词,had,是实义,动词，故简略问句要借助助动词,did,，且用肯定形式，故选,C,。,(,)6.(2014,年广东广州,)I hear t,he tall girl wearing glasses,is your new classmate.Shes from Ame-rica,_,？,A.has she,B,isnt she,C,hasnt she,D,does she,B,前面陈述句是肯定句，其,be,动词为,is,，故简略问句中,用,isnt,。,(,)7.(2011,年广东深圳,)There i,s something wrong with,your bike,_,？,Yes.Ill have it _ tomorrow.,A.isnt it;mend,B,isnt there;mended,C,isnt it;mended,D,isnt there;mend,B there be,句型的反意疑问句主语仍用,there,，且陈述句部,分是肯定的，故其简略问句用否定形式；自行车是“被修理”，,故用,have sth.done(,使某事被做,),。,(,)8.(2013,年广东深圳,)_,_ good time we had at,the party last night!,Yes.It was _ exciting party that I would never,forget it.,A.What;so,C,What a;such an,B,How;such,D,How a;so an,C,what,引导的感叹句句式为“,What(,a/an),形容词,名词,(,主语谓语,),！”，,time,在此为可数名词，意为“时光,”；,“,such(,a/an),形容词名词,that,从句”意为“如此,以,至于,”,，故选,C,。,(,)9.(2014,年广东佛山,)_,cute the monkeys are,when they ask for food!,A.How,B,What,C,What a,A,how,引导的感叹句句式为“,How,形容词主语谓,语！”，故选,A,。,(,)10.(2013,年广东佛山,)_,is the history of,Tsinghua University?,100 years.,A.How soon,B,How long,C,How far,B,由答语可知是提问时间长短的，故用,how long,，意为,“多长时间”。,(,)11.(2014,年广东肇庆,)The stude,nts in Class Two played,basketball against Class One yesterday,_,？,A.did they,B,didnt they,C,werent they,B,陈述句部分是肯定句，且谓语动词为,played,，故其反意,疑问句要借助助动词,did,且为否定形式。,(,)12.(2013,年,广东,河源,)Lets go,to the cinema to see a,film,_,？,A.will you,C,wont you,B,shall we,D,dont you,前面是,Lets,开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句应用,shall,B,we,。,(,)13.(2014,年,广东河源,)Peter,_,_ do you visit,your grandparents?,Twice a month.,A.how long,B,how soon,C,how far,D,how often,D,由答语可知是对频率提问，故用,how often,，表示“多,久一次”。,(,)14.(2013,年广东河源,)_,delicious beef!,Well.You can eat more if you like it.,A.What,C,How,B,What a,D,How a,A,what,引导的感叹句句式为“,What(,a/an),形容词,名词,(,主语谓语,),！”，,beef,是不可数名词，故选,A,。,(,)15.(2014,年广东茂名,)Dont ope,n the door,_,？,A.arent you,B,dont you,C,will you,C,祈使句的反意疑问句用“,will/wont you”,，因陈述句部分,是否定的，故用,will you,。,(,)16.(2013,年广东,)The boy h,as a new MP4,_,？,A.doesnt he,B,isnt he,C,does he,D,is he,A,have,表示“拥有”时，其反意疑问句有两种形式：,“,hasnt/havent/hadnt,主语”或“,doesnt/dont/didnt,主语”。,故选,A,。,(,)17.(2014,年广东,)_,will you come back?,In an hour.,A.How soon,B,How often,C,How far,D,How long,A,由答语“一小时后”可知是提问“多久以后”，故用,how soon,。,(,)18.(2013,年广东深圳,)Lets go,to the zoo by taxi,_,？,Maybe we can go there _.Its not far.,A.wont you;on foot,B,wont you;by foot,C,shall we;by foot,D,shall we;on foot,D,Lets,开头的祈使句，其反意疑问句用,shall we,；表示,“步行”用,on foot,。,(,)19.(2014,年广东佛山,)_,sad we felt at the news,of the Yushu earthquake!,A.What,B,What a,C,How,C,how,引导的感叹句句式为“,How,形容词主语谓,语！”，故选,C,。,(,)20.(2013,年广东茂名,)Do you,know _,Mr.Smith comes to the shop?,Once a week.,A.how often,B,how long,C,how soon,A,根据答语“,Once a week.”,可知是提问频率，故选,A,。,(,)21.(2014,年广东湛江,)There is,some beef in the,fridge,_,？,Yes,there is.,A.is there,B,isnt there,C,has there,D,hasnt there,B,陈述句部分为,there be,句型，故简略问句用,isnt there,。,