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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,作文提要,提纲,总述,事件,(,按时间顺序叙述全过程,),感受,典例,4,月,12,日，你们班去郊区植树，请你为校报写一篇英语短文，报道这次活动。,经典范文,April 12 is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day.In the morning,，,we bicycled to the suburbs to plant trees,，,talking and laughing all the way.Upon arrival,，,we began to work immediately.Some were digging holes.Some were carrying and planting young trees.Others were watering.After getting the work done,，,we put up a board reminding people to protect the trees.Before leaving we took some photos to record our green action.Seeing the lines of trees,，,we all had a sense of achievement.We feel its our duty to protect and beautify our environment.,.,考纲词汇,1,n,日记，杂志，定期刊物,2,n,&,v,.,运输，运送,3.,n,.,费用,4,v,.,说服，劝说,5,vi,.,骑自行车,6,v,.,毕业,7,adv,.,最后，终于,journal,transport,fare,persuade,cycle,graduate,finally,8,n,&,v,.,时间表，进度表，为,安排时间,9,adj,.,顽固的，固执的,10,n,.,旅行，旅程,11,n,.,海拔高度，高处,12,n,.(,山,),谷，流域,13,n,.,态度，看法,14,n,&,v,.,预测，预报,15,n,.,保险,schedule,stubborn,journey,altitude,valley,attitude,forecast,insurance,16,adj,.,可信赖的，可靠的,reliable,17,v,.,更喜欢,prefer,18,n,&,v,.,风景，视野；观看，注视,view,.,词汇拓展,1,determine,v,决定，确定，决心,n,决心,adj,.,坚定的，有决心的,She is a,politician.She,is famous for her,.,determination,determined,determined,determination,2,disadvantage,n,不利条件，不便之处,n,有利条件，好处,Fast speed is an obvious,of traveling by air,，,but its,are also,evident.For,example,，,its not so safe.,advantage,advantage,disadvantages,3,organize,v,组织,n,组织，机构,n,组织者,adj,.,有组织的,The,of such a,largescale,party takes a lot of time and,energy.So,the,must,it with care and he must be,.,organization,organizer,organized,organization,organizer,organize,organized,1,关心；忧虑；惦念,2,下决心；决定,3,投降；屈服；让步,4,照常,5,从那以后,6,喜爱；喜欢,care about,make up ones mind,give in,as usual,ever since,be fond of,7,改变主意,8,决心做某事,9,更喜欢做某事,10.,.,.,说服某人做某事,11,迫不及待要做某事,change ones mind,be determined to do,sth,.,prefer,to,do,sth.,persuade,sb.to,do,sth,persuade,sb.into,doing,sth,can hardly wait to do,sth,.,选用上述词语填空,If you feel the urge for a cigarette,，,try not to,to,it.,He came to England three years ago and has lived here,.,I,stay at home rather than go out.,I allowed myself to be,entering the,competition.,I,find out who is responsible for this.,He doesnt _,anything we may say.,give in,ever since,prefer to,persuaded into,am determined to,care about,1,It was,my sister,who,first had the idea to cycle along the,entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends.,首先想到要沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。,句型结构,这是一个强调句，强调主语,my sister,。强调句式结构：,It is/was,被强调部分,that/who,其他。,句型仿写,他告诉我是,Lily,站在那儿读书。,He told me that,Lily,was standing there reading.,我是在公园遇见李明的。,.,it was,who/that,It was in the park that I met Li Ming,2,Once,she has made up her mind,，,nothing can change it.,她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。,句型结构,once,在此处为从属连词，引导时间状语从句，意为,“,一旦,就,”,。,句型仿写,她一来，我们就可以开始。,，,we can start.,一旦你承认了是你偷走了他的钱包，他会狠狠揍你的。,Once she arrives,Once you admit having stolen his purse,，,he will give you a good beating.,3,For one thing,，,a journal isnt as personal as a,diary.,For,another,，,a travel journal has a different purpose.,一来，游记不像日记那样私人化；二来，游记有不同的目的。,句型结构,for one thing,，,.for another,，,.,用以引出某事的理由，意为,“,一方面,；另一方面,”,。,句型仿写,我不能去。一来我没钱，二来我太忙。,我们很喜欢张先生。一方面他的课很生动，另一方面他很关心学生。,I cant gofor one thing I have no money,，,and for another,，,Im too busy.,We love,Mr.Zhang,very,much.For,one thing,，,his lessons are lively,；,for another,，,he is concerned about the students.,语句衔接,用上述句型翻译下列小片段。,是我姐姐坚持要实施这个计划的。她说我们一旦决定要做一件事情，就应把它做好。一来可以锻炼我们的意志，二来在实施计划的过程中，我们也为社会做了一些有益的事情。,答案：,It was my sister who insisted on carrying out the,plan.She,said once we decided to do something,，,we must do it,well.For,one thing,，,it could build up our,will.For,another,，,we could do something useful for the society.,To prepare for a great bike trip down the Mekong River,，,Wang Kun and Wang Wei went to the library to find out more detailed information about their river and they also got their cousins to go with them.,仔细阅读课文,“,Journey down the Mekong(Part 1,，,The Dream and the Plan)”,，写出文章的主旨大意。,答案：,根据课文内容用适当的词填空，使短文完整,(,一空一词,),。,Wang Kun and his sister,，,Wang Wei,，,have,1.,of taking a great bike trip along the Mekong,2.,.Last year,，,Wang Wei visited her,3.,，,Dao Wei and Yu Hong,4.,studied in college in,Yunnan.Wang,Wei soon got them,5.,in cycling,too.Wang,Wei insisted finding the,6.,of the,river.And,her brother told her that the journey would begin at,7.,altitude of more than 5,000 meters and the air would be hard to,8.,.But she didnt seem,worried.Instead,，,she was,9.,.,dreamed,River,cousins,who,interested,source,an,breathe,excited,Before the trip,，,Wang Kun got a large atlas,10.,good,maps.From,the atlas,，,they could see that the river,11.,in a glacier on a Tibet,12.,.They were both,13.,to learn that,14.,of the river is in,China.At,last the rivers delta,15.,the South China Sea.,with,begins,mountain,surprised,half,enters,1,determine,vt,.,&,vi,.,决定；确定；,(,使,),下定决心,(1)determine,n,./,pron,.,决,(,确,),定,determine to do,sth,.,决定做某事,(,表示动作,),determine on/upon.,决定,determine that/what.,决定,determine,sb.to,do,sth,.,使某人决定做某事,determine,sb.against,sth,.,使某人决定不做某事,(2)determined,adj,.,坚决的，有决心的,be determined to do,sth,.,决心做某事,(,表示状态,),determination,n,.,决心,运用：完成下列句子。,我们决心立刻离开。,We _ at once.,他的劝告使我决定不再拖延。,His advice _ no more.,我离开了这个地方，决定永远不再回来。,I left the place,，,_ again.,他脸上有坚毅的表情。,There was _ on his face.,答案：,determined to leave,determined me to delay,determined never to come back,a determined look,2,persuade,vt,.,劝说；说服,(1)persuade,sb.to,do,sth,.,persuade,sb.into,doing,sth,.,说服某人做某事,persuade,sb.not,to do,sth,.,persuade,sb.out,of doing,sth,.,说服某人不做某事,try to persuade,sb.to,do,sth,.,advise,sb.to,do,sth,.,尽力劝说某人做某事,persuade,sb.of,sth,.,使某人相信,(2)persuasive,adj,.,有说服力的；令人信服的,persuasion,n,.,说服；信服；信念,运用：完成下列句子。,尽量劝他来。,Try to persuade him _.,我最后终于想法子说服她和我一起出去喝一杯。,I finally managed to _ for a drink with me.,不要被说服买你并不需要的东西。,Dont let yourself be persuaded _ things you dont really want.,我们最终使本相信这个决定是明智的。,We finally _ Ben _ the wisdom of this decision.,答案：,to come,persuade her to go out,into buying,persuaded,；,of,advise,，,persuade,advise,表示,“,劝告,”,的动作，不看结果，而,persuade,强调,“,已经说服,”,；,advise,既可接动词的,ing,形式作宾语，也可接,that,引导的宾语从句,(,必须用虚拟语气,should,动词原形,),。,运用：选用上述词语填空。,你可以劝他但你不一定能说服他。,You can _ him but you may not _ him.,我们劝他改变想法，但是没有人能说服他这么做。,We _ him to change his mind but no one could _ him to do so.,答案：,advise,；,persuade,advised,；,persuade,3,view,n,风景；视野；观点；见解,vt,.,观看；注视；考虑,in ones view,在某人看来,take the view that.,持,的态度,come into view,进入视野；看得见,in full view(of sb./,sth,.),完全看得见,in view of,sth,.,鉴于，考虑到，由于,运用：完成下列句子。,从山顶上眺望，风景真美。,_ is wonderful.,你如何看待自己在公司中的位置？,How do you _,？,我们所持的态度是：干涉是错误的。,We_ it would be wrong to interfere.,因为天气关系，我们要取消此次郊游。,_,，,we will cancel the outing.,依我看来，你应该接受老师的建议。,_,，,you should follow your teachers advice.,答案：,The view from the top of the hill,view your position in the company,take the view that,In view of the weather,In my view,4,prefer,vt,.,更喜欢；选择某事物,(,而不选择其他事物,),(1)prefer sth.,更喜欢,prefer(sb.)to,do,sth,.,更喜欢,(,某人,),做,prefer that.(should)do,sth,.,更喜欢,prefer,sth,./doing.to,sth,./doing.,与,相比更喜欢,；宁愿,，不愿,prefer to do.rather than do.,宁可,也不,(2)preference,n,.,偏爱；爱好；喜爱,give preference to,给,以优惠；优待,in preference to,而不是,提醒,在,prefer to.,结构中，,to,后接动词原形；在,prefer.to.,结构和,preference,构成的短语中,to,都为介词。,运用：完成下列句子。,Many people living in cities would actually _(,更愿意生活,)in the country.,He _(,宁可,)stay at home rather than _(,去逛商店,),It being Sunday,，,rather than _(,呆在家里,),，,I preferred _(,旅游,),He prefers _(,呆在室内,)to going out this afternoon.,答案：,prefer to live,prefers to,；,go shopping,stay at home,；,to travel,staying indoors,5,change ones mind,改变主意,make up ones mind,下决心，决定,bear/keep.in mind,记住,have.in mind,考虑；打算,call/bring,sth.to,mind,回忆起某事,fix ones mind upon,把注意力集中在,read ones mind,看出某人的心思,speak ones mind,直言不讳,of the same mind,同一个想法；同一个心思,运用：完成下列句子。,也许你会好好想想并改变主意。,Maybe youll think it over,，,and _.,他将永远记住那位美丽的姑娘。,He will _ the beautiful girl _ forever.,就像能看出我的心思一样，他给我提供的恰是我所需要的。,He offered me just what I dreamed about as if he could _.,你们决定好到哪里去度假了吗？,Have you _ where to go for your holiday?,答案：,change your mind,bear/keep,；,in mind,read my mind,made up your mind,6,give in,屈服；投降；让步；上交,give in to,对,让步,give away,赠送；泄露；出卖,give off,放出；散发出,(,液体、气体、,气味、热量、能量、光、声音,),give out,分发；用完，消耗尽，筋疲力尽,give up,放弃，戒掉；停止；认输；把,送交,give way to,给,让路；对,让步,运用：完成下列句子。,你赢不了这场比赛，还是认输吧。,You cant win the game,，,so you may as well _.,他被迫接受了我的观点。,He has _ my views.,当局对绑架者的要求没有丝毫让步的迹象。,The authorities have shown no signs of _ the kidnappers demands.,他向灾区人民捐赠了大量的钱。,He _ the people in the,quakehit,area.,答案：,give in,given in to,giving in to,gave away immense amounts of money to,7,can hardly/not wait to do,sth,.,迫不及待地要做某事,运用：翻译下列句子。,我迫不及待地想知道考试结果。,_,他急切地想见到他女朋友。,_,答案：,I can hardly wait to know the result of the exams.,He could hardly wait to see his girlfriend.,动词,ment,名词,动词,/,形容词,th,名词,形容词,y,名词,形容词,ness,名词,动词,ance,名词,ship,结尾的名词,(,表示身份，关系，资格,),ing,结尾的名词,如：,punish,v,惩罚,punishment,n,惩罚,warm,adj,.,温暖的,warmth,n,温暖,grow,v,生长,growth,n,生长,member,n,成员，会员,membership,n,会员资格,difficult,adj,.,困难的,difficulty,n,困难,honest,adj,.,诚实的,honesty,n,诚实,kind,adj,.,善良的,kindness,n,善良,annoy,vt,.,使烦恼,annoyance,n,生气，烦恼,professor,n,教授,professorship,n,教授身份,garden,n,花园,gardening,n,园艺,greet,v,打招呼，问候,greetings,n,问候,阅读下列短文，用所给单词的适当形式填空。,It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United,States.His,1._(earn)could hardly cover the expenses,，,so when his wife gave 2._(bear)to their second daughter,，,they could not afford enough nutrition,food.Soon,，,poor nutrition caused the 3._(die)of the poor baby.4._(lonely)was another problem because they had no 5._(relate)or friends,there.Thanks,to his 6._(brave)and 7._(persevere),，,he managed to,gain the 8._(citizen)of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9._(settle),He always tells his children like this,：,Perseverance leads to 10._(happy)and success.,答案：,1.earnings,2.birth,3.death,4.Loneliness,5.relations,6.bravery,7.perseverance,8.citizenship,9.settlement,10.happiness,模仿朗读,(,三,),语音基础知识之三,连读,在正常的英语口语材料中，常常为了读音的方便或因说话者速度很快，同一个意群中的一个词会和另一词连读，令两个或多个本来独立的单词的读音连成一个声音，从而给听者造成了一定的困难。连读的辨认是听力中的难点之一。本单元让我们一起攻克这一难关吧！,一、连读时的读音变化,连读的情况较复杂，在连读过程中，有时有的声音被吞掉了，有时则因为发音方便加上一些辅助音，有些音转移到相邻的其它单词上，有时某些读音被相邻的相似读音同化了，另外或两个读音几乎同时发出。,二、最普遍适用的连读规则,1,同一意群中相邻的两个词，如果前一个词的结尾辅音与,后一词的开头辅音相同或相近，读音就被延长或混合在一起，而不会把同一个音重复发两遍。,(,象唱歌时把两个相同的一拍的音符唱成一个两拍的音符一样,),例：,six seats,；,which child,2,同一意群中相邻的两个词，前面的单词以辅音结尾，,后面的单词以元音开头，就要把前面单词的辅音与后面单词的元音连读成一个音节。,例：,pick it up,；,take off,；,drop him off,3,同一意群中相邻的两个词，如果一个词是以,/t/,结尾，,另一个词是以,/y/,开头，混合后的读音分别为,/,t,/,。同一意群中相邻的两个词，当一个词是以,/d/,结尾，下一个词是以,/y/,开头，混合后的读音为,/,d,/,。这种读音的合并在过去时疑问句中和带,could,，,should,和,would,的疑问句中很普遍。,例：,Dont you.,？,Last year,Did you.,？,Could you.,？,Would you.?,4,同一意群中相邻的两个词，当一个词的拼写以,r,或,re,结,尾，后一个词又是以元音开头的，那么就要在两个单词间补充,/r/,音，并将其与后一个词的元音连读。,例：,there are,；,far away,；,better off,5,同一意群中相邻的两个词，若前一个词以,结尾，后一,个词又是以元音开头的，也常常在两个单词间补充,/r/,音，并将其与后一个词的元音连读。,例：,Africa and Asia,以上规则在英语口语中普遍适用，掌握了它们，你不但能形成较好的口语语感，把口语说得很地道，而且能令你对地道的本族语使用者的连读都能轻易地分辨出来，对促进听力水平有十分关键的作用。,一、模仿朗读。,1,feel lazy,2,four or five,3,father and mother,4,far away,5,here and there,6,The boy ate it.,7,Hell look at it.,8,I called you once.,9,How old are you?,10,Cant you help out?,11,Drop him off at the end.,12,He can use it at school.,13,I checked it this morning.,14,The meeting has been called off.,15,Who is it?,16,Let him in.,17,Not at all.,18,Pick it up.,19,Ill be back in half an hour.,20,There is a pair of shoes.,二、听录音完成下列句子。,Someone knocked 1._ the door,，,and then knocked 2._ nine,times.Nelly,took 3._ light and went to the door,，,“,Whos knocking,？,”,She,asked.“Its,Ned,，,”,said the person who was knocking,，,“,Let 4._in,！,”“,Why are you making such a lot of noise,？,”,said,Nelly.She,unlocked the door and let Ned 5._.,答案：,1.on,2.again,3.a,4.me,5.in,三、听录音，听完两遍后把以下段落补充完整。听第三遍时请跟着录音朗读短文。,The ground we _ seems firm,，,but deep _ and under the sea the rocks _.In some _ the world _“fire mountains”,，,which we call,volcanoes.From,time to time,，,they_ and _ fire _,ash.These,_ are very dangerous.,答案：,walk on,；,under the earth,；,change and move,；,there are,；,burst open,；,throw out,；,and burning,；,volcanoes,录音材料：,一、略,二、听录音完成下列句子。,Some one knocked on the door,，,and then knocked again nine,times.Nelly,took a light and went to the door,，,“,Whos knocking,？,”,She,asked.“Its,Ned,，,”,said the person who was knocking,，,“,Let me in,！,”“,Why are you making such a lot of noise,？,”,said,Nelly.She,unlocked the door and let Ned in.,三、听录音，听完两遍后把以下段落补充完整。听第三遍时请跟着录音朗读短文。,The ground we walk on seems firm,，,but deep under the earth and under the sea the rocks change and,move.In,some parts of the world there,are“fire,mountains”,，,which we call,volcanoes.From,time to time,，,they burst open and throw out fire and burning,ash.These,volcanoes are very dangerous.,句子结构,(,三,),基本句型四,S(,主,),vt,.(,谓,),IO(,间接宾语,),DO(,直接宾语,),S,(,主语,),v,t,.,(,谓语,),IO,(,间接宾语,),DO,(,直接宾语,),1,I,sent,him(,pron,.),a book.,2,My father,bought,me(,pron,.),a story book.,S,(,主语,),v,t,.,(,谓语,),IO,(,间接宾语,),DO,(,直接宾语,),3,My uncle,brought,my,brother(,n,.),a new watch.,4,He,can inform,you(,pron,.),where the,teacher lives.,本句型的谓语动词所发出的动作有两个对象，一为,“,人或动物等,”,，称为间接宾语；另一为,“,物或事,”,，称为直接宾语。本句型也可以把,“,DO”,置于,“,IO”,之前，注意应用介词,to,或,for,，句型为：,S,vt,.,n,.(,pron,.),to(,或,for)phrase,.,如：,(1)I sent him a book.,本句型可变为：,I sent a book to him.,(2)My father bought me a story book.,本句型可变为：,My father bought a story book for me.,间接宾语前需要加,to,的常用动词有,bring,，,give,，,grant,，,hand,，,leave,，,lend,，,offer,，,owe,，,pass,，,pay,，,permit,，,promise,，,read,，,sell,，,send,，,show,，,teach,，,tell,，,wish,，,write,等。,间接宾语前需要加,for,的常用动词有,bring,，,buy,，,choose,，,fetch,，,get,，,make,，,order,，,paint,，,play(,演奏,),，,save,，,sing,，,spare,等。,基本句型五,S(,主,),vt,.(,谓,),O(,宾,),OC(,宾补,),S(,主语,),v,t,.(,谓语,),O(,宾语,),OC(,宾补,),1,We,named,our daughter,Mary.(,n,.),2,He,made,our garden,very,beautiful.(,adj,.),3,She,keeps,everything,in good,order.(,prep,.phrase,),S(,主语,),v,t,.(,谓语,),O(,宾语,),OC(,宾补,),4,I,ask,him,to help(Infinitive),5,I,caught,him,cheating in the,exam.(Participle,),6,Jack,had,his watch,stolen last,night.(Participle,),在此句型中的动词叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中一个比较复杂的句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多，见上表。,(1)S,vt,.,n,./,pron,.,n,.(,主语谓语名词,/,代词名词,),常用于该句型的动词有,appoint,，,call,，,choose,，,elect,，,find,，,make,，,name,等。,(2)S,vt,.,n,./,pron,.,adj,.(,主语谓语名词,/,代词形容词,),常用于该句型的动词有,beat,，,cut,，,drive,，,find,，,get,，,hold,，,keep,，,leave,，,like,，,make,，,paint,，,see,，,set,，,turn,，,want,，,wash,，,wipe,，,wish,等。,(3)S,vt,.,n,./,pron,.,Infinitive(,主语谓语名词,/,代词不,定式,),常用于该句型的动词有：,不定式带,to,的词，如：,advise,，,allow,，,ask,，,beg,，,cause,，,choose,，,command,，,decide,，,encourage,，,expect,，,force,，,get,，,hate,，,invite,，,know,，,leave,，,like,，,love,，,order,，,permit,，,persuade,，,prefer,，,remain,，,request,，,teach,，,tell,，,want,，,warn,，,wish,等。,不定式不带,to,的词，如：,feel,，,have,，,hear,，,know,，,let,，,listen to,，,look at,，,make,，,notice,，,see,，,watch,等。,(4)S,vt,.,n,./,pron,.,Participle(,主语谓语名词,/,代词,分词,),常用于该句型的动词有：,see,，,watch,，,observe,，,hear,，,feel,，,get,，,catch,，,have,，,leave,，,make,(5)find it,adj,./,n,.,to do,sth,.,符合这个句式的动词有：,feel,，,make,，,thin
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