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Unit 2,English around the world,(2008,福建,),阅读下面一则广告，按要求完成写作任务。,EIL International English Summer Camp,Volunteer Wanted,EIL was founded in Britain in 1936 with the fundamental aim of international understanding,“,Learn to live together by living together,”,Requirements:Over 16;good knowledge of English;outgoing;working well with children between 712,Activities:Language study,outdoor recreation and travel,Campers:Students from different countries,Camp site:Mount,Wuyi,Fujian,Time:July 26August 9,Application deadline:July 15,2008,If interested,please e,mail to,info,eiluk,.,org,假设你是李华，这则广告引起了你的兴趣，请用英语写一封自荐信。要点如下：,1,对夏令营主题的理解；,2,根据招聘要求自我介绍；,3,参加夏令营的目的。,注意：,1,信的开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数；,2,词数,100,左右。,Dear Sir,，,I,m Li,Hua,from,Fujian,._,I am looking forward to your early reply.,Sincerely yours,，,Li,Hua,参考答案,Dear,_,Sir,，,I,m,_,Li,_,Hua,_,from,_,Fujian,.,When I was reading the advertisement,the aim of this activity impressed me greatly.I think it instructive to learn to live together by living together.It is a good opportunity for the only child like me to learn to share and work together.Therefore I,recommend myself to you without hesitation,.,As a boy of 17,I am outgoing,good at English and have experience of working well with children aged from 7 to 12.I think it is a kind of win,win activity.For one thing,I can help take care of the children.For another thing,I can improve my English,make more friends,and enrich my life during the summer vacation.,I,_,am,_,looking,_,forward,_,to,_,your,_,early,_,reply,.,Sincerely,_,yours,，,Li,_,Hua,.,重点单词,1,_(,v,t,.),替换,2,_(,v,t,.),比较,3,_(,n,.),总统；校长；行长；会长,4,_(,v,t,.),发表；出版；公布,5,_(,n,.),台；看台；摊，摊位,6,_(,n,.),运动；动作；运转,7,_(,n,.),信号,8,_(,n,.),服务；服务性工作,9,_(,v,t,.&,n,),交换；交流；兑换,10,_(,n,.),贸易；商业,11,_(,adj,.),国际的；世界的,12,_(,n,.),情形；境遇；,(,建筑物等的,),位置,13,_(,n,.),总数；合计,(,adj,.),总的；全部的；整个的,14,_(,adj,.),本国的；本地的,(,n,.),本地人；本国人,15,_(,n,.),宽的,答案,1,replace,pare,3.president,4.publish,5.stand 6,movement,7.signal,8.service,9.exchange,10.trade 11,international,12.situation,13.total,14.native,15.broad,.,词汇拓展,1,independent,_(,n,.),独立，自主,_(,n,.,反义词,),依赖，依靠,_(,adj,.),依靠的，依赖的,2,communicate,_(,n,.),通信；联系,3,global,_(,同义词,),_(,n,.),球体，地球仪,4,equal,_(,ad,v,.),同样地，平等地,_(,n,.),平等,5,majority,_(,反义词,),少数,6,repeat,_(,n,.),重复,7,pronounce,_(,n,.),发音；发音方法,答案,1,independence;dependence;dependent,munication 3,worldwide;globe,4.equally;equality,5.minority 6,repetition,7.pronunciation,.,重点短语,1,_ the same,保持一样,2,have(no)difficulty in _,sth,.,做某事,(,没有,),有困难,3,more _ less,或多或少,4,be different _,与,不同,5,communicate _,与,交流,6,_ than,超过，不仅仅,7,a great _,许许多多的；极多的,8,bring _,引进；引来,9,end _,以,告终,10,come _,发生,11,stay _,不睡；熬夜,12,except _,除了,之外,13,_ total,总共,14,_ oneself at home,别客气,答案,1,stay,2.doing,3.or,4.from,5.with,6.more,7,many,8.in,9.up,10.about,11.up,12.for,13,in,14.make,.,重点句型,1,What do you mean by.?,你,是什么意思？,2,more than,的有关句型,.,重点语法,Direct and Indirect Speech(Imperative Sentence),直接引语和间接引语,祈使句,.,词汇聚焦,1,majority,n.,大多数,思维拓展,the/a majority(of.),大多数,(,),most,名词多数,mostly,形容词,/,副词主要地,/,多半,指点迷津,majority,作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于其后的名词或句子的意思。若强调由个体组成的,“,大多数,”,，谓语动词用复数；若强调整体时，则谓语动词用单数。,The majority of students _ _,favour,of his suggestion.,A.are;in,B.is;in,C.are;for D.are;at,解析：,students,是复数形式，故谓语动词用,are,。,in,favour,of,“,支持，拥护,”,，是固定结构。,答案：,A,2,native,n.,当地人,；,adj.,出生地的,思维拓展,a native of London/Beijing,伦敦,/,北京的本地人,speak/act like a native,像当地人一样说,/,做,one,s native language/tongue,母语,be native to.,原产于某地,go native to.,原产于某地,go native,同化,(,指文化、风俗等,),3,equal,adj.,相当的,；,v,.,等于；比得上,思维拓展,divide/cut,sth,.into equal parts,把某物分成,/,切成等份,with equal ease,同样自如,(,做某事,),equal to,sth,./doing,sth,.,胜任某事,on equal terms with,sb,.,与某人平等相处,equally,ad,v,.,平等地；同样,equality,n,.,平等,4,forget,v,.,忘记,思维拓展,In some parts of London,missing a bus means _ for another hour.,A.waiting B.to wait,C.wait D.to be waiting,解析：,根据题意,“,没赶上公共汽车就意味着再等一小时,”,知该题考查,“,mean,doing,”,结构的意义。,答案：,A,5,total,n.,总共，总计,；,adj.,全部的,思维拓展,a total of 94 people,总共,94,人,in total(,in all,altogether,all together,totally),总共，总计,the total cost/debts/amount/population,总共花费,/,债务,/,总量,/,人口总数,a total failure/stranger,彻底的失败者,/,完全陌生的人,in total silence,完全沉默,total(up to)(,come to,amount to,add up to,reach),总计，总数是,(,无被动,),How many monkeys are there in the zoo?,The number of monkeys there _ ten,_ the newly,born ones.,A.come to;including,B.has reached;including,C.is,totalled,;including,D.has added up;including,解析：,句子的意思是,“,包括刚出生的，猴子的数量是十只。,”“,总计,”,可以用,come to,total,reach,add up to,但是不能用被动语态，而且句子主语,the number,是单数；此处,including,放在被包括的事物前，,included,放在被包括的事物之后。,答案：,B,6,service,n.,服务,思维拓展,free medical service,免费医疗,the telephone service,电话设施,China Travel Service,中国旅行社,a marriage service,婚礼,at one,s service,听某人差遣，任凭某人使用,in service,被雇佣着；在服兵役,of service(to,sb,.)(,对某人,),有用的，有帮助的,service charge,服务费,If you ever need my help,I am _.,A.at your service,B.of your service,C.in service D.serving,解析：,题意应是：你要是什么时候需要我帮助，我随时可以帮你。,at one,s service,ready to help,sb,.,。,答案：,A,7,stand,n.,看台,；,v,.,站，支持,思维拓展,stand aside,靠边站，避开,stand by,站在,/,立在,旁边,stand away,保持距离，不接近,stand against,反对，背靠着，倚着,站立,stand(up)for,维护，起来拥护,stand up to,敢于面对，经得起，耐得住,stand out,显眼，出色,(outstanding,adj,.,出色的，显著的,),stand up,起立,stand back,避开；往后站，位于靠后的地方,stand on one,s hands,双手倒立,stand on one hand/leg/foot,单手,/,腿,/,脚立,指点迷津,represent,作,“,象征，代表,”,解时，是及物动词，可以使用被动语态。,stand for,不可以使用被动语态。,There are 51 stars on America,s national flag,each _ a state.,A.standing for B.stands for,C.represented D.to represent,解析：,句子的意思是,“,美国的国旗上有,51,颗星，每一颗星代表一个州。,”,由于句中使用逗号，,each,后面的动词不能作谓语，只能是独立主格的形式，又因为,each,与,stand for,是逻辑上主谓关系，所以用,standing for,或,representing,。,答案：,A,8,lie,v,i.,躺，卧；位于,思维拓展,lie in bed,卧病在床,lie in,在于，存在于,lie down,躺下,lie on one,s side,侧卧,lie on one,s back,仰面朝上躺着,lie on one,s face/stomach,趴着,指点迷津,lie,lay,v,t,.laid,laid,laying,平放，搁置；产卵，下蛋,lie to,sb,.(,tell a lie to,sb,./tell lies to,sb,.),说谎,lay eggs,产卵，下蛋,lay the table,摆放桌子,(,准备吃饭,),The boy _ in bed _ to his father that he had _ the book on the table.,A.lying;lied;laid,B.laying;laid;lied,C.lied;lay;lain D.lain;lying;laid,解析：,句子意义是,“,躺在床上的那个男孩对他父亲撒谎说他已经把书放在桌子上了。,”,lying in bed,是现在分词短语，作后置定语修饰,the boy;lie,作,“,撒谎,”,解时过去式为,lied;lay,是及物动词，后接宾语,the book,，此处用过去分词,laid,。,答案：,A,If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed,he would not suffer so much now.,A.lies B.lay,C.had lain D.should lie,解析：,本题考查动词,lie,在句子中的正确形式。,If only,标志后面的句子使用虚拟语气，,as the doctor instructed,表明事情发生在过去，因此该句是对过去的虚拟，应用,had lain,。注意本题考查了混合虚拟条件句，即主句与从句表达对不同时态的虚拟，解题时应按照各自的时间状语提示。,答案：,C,In the dark forests _,，,some large enough to hold several English towns.,A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakes,C.many lakes lie D.many lakes stand,解析：,这句话是倒装句式。地点状语提前，构成全部倒装。,lie,表示,“,存在，有,”,；,stand,表示,“,矗立,”,，不符合句意。,答案：,B,9,enjoy,v,.,从,获得乐趣；享有,思维拓展,enjoy,名词,/,代词,enjoy the play,喜欢这部戏剧,enjoy good health,享有健康,enjoy,动名词,enjoy listening to music,喜欢听音乐,enjoy oneself,过得愉快；玩得高兴,enjoyable,adj,.,使人愉快的,enjoyment,n,.,乐趣；愉快,指点迷津,有些动词或动词短语的后面只能接动名词作宾语，如：,admit,advise,avoid,appreciate,consider,delay,finish,miss,permit,practise,enjoy,risk,imagine,allow,等。,I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.,A.to have had time B.having time,C.to have time D.to having time,解析：,appreciate,意为,“,欣赏，赞赏,”,，其后接动名词作宾语，而不能用不定式作宾语。,答案：,B,10,expression,n.,短语；表情,思维拓展,expression,n,.U,表达，表示,C,表情；短语,expression of idea,思想的表达,read with expression,有表情地朗读,express,v,t,.,表达，表示,express one,s views/ideas,表达自己的观点,express oneself,表达,(,自己的,),意见,/,态度,express,sth,.to,sb,.,向某人表示,express(to,sb,.),宾语从句向某人表示,express,adj,.,特快的,an express train,快车,My companion _ his surprise when he learned his _ hadn,t arrived for such a long time.,A.expressed;,luggages,B.expressed;luggage,C.described;,luggages,D.described;luggage,解析：,luggage,“,(,总称,),行李,”,，是不可数名词；,express one,s surprise,表示,“,吃惊,”,。,describe,“,描写，描述,”,。,答案：,B,11,compare,v,.&n.,比较，比作，对照,思维拓展,compare.with.,将,与,做比较；对照,compare.to.,把,比作,；说,像,compared to/with.,与,相比较,compare notes,交换思想、观点或意见,beyond compare,无与伦比,指点迷津,compared to/with.,固定结构，作状语。,_ with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean doesn,t seem big at all.,A.Compare,B.When comparing,C.Comparing D.When compared,解析：,the biggest ocean,与,compare,存在逻辑上的被动关系，须用过去分词短语作状语，其前的,when,用来突出时间意味。,答案：,D,.,短语突破,1,more than,思维拓展,more than,用于名词前，意为,“,不只是，不仅仅,”,。,more than a teacher,不仅仅是老师,more than,用于数词前，意为,“,比,多,”,，,“,超过,”,相当于,over,。,more than two years,超过两年,more.than,用于比较状语从句，意为,“,比,更,”,。,She respects him more than I(do),她比我更尊敬他。,more.than.,与其,倒不如,She is more a friend than a teacher.,与其说她是位老师还不如说是位朋友。,less than,不如，不像,no less than,不少于；多达,no more,adj,.,than,或,no,比较级,than,，否定前后两者。如：,no richer than,as poor as(,两者都不富有,),指点迷津,not less than,相当于,“”,，不少于，至少,not more than,相当于,“”,，不多于，至多,no less than,或,no more than,相当于,“,”,，仅仅，只有,Is Mr.White out of danger?,No,_ than before,I,m afraid.,A.no better B.a little better,C.not worse D.no worse,解析：,答语中,No,，暗示,Mr.White,健康状况并不比以前好。,答案：,A,2,have a knowledge of,对,了解,思维拓展,have no knowledge of good and evil,不分善恶,/,不能分辨好坏,be common/public knowledge,人所共知,to one,s knowledge,as far as one knows,据某人所知,3,make English different from.,使英语不同于,思维拓展,“,make,宾语宾补,”,结构用法小结：,动词宾语名词,/,代词,常用于这种结构的动词有：,find,call,name,make,elect,think,consider,leave(,使处于某种状态,),动词宾语形容词,常用于这种结构的动词有：,find,make,set,get,keep,like,see,leave(,使处于某种状态,),，,dye,cut,paint,drive,beat,prove,动词宾语现在分词,常用于这种结构的动词有：,find,watch,notice,observe,hear,listen to,look at,keep,have(,使，让,),，,feel,动词宾语过去分词,常用于这种结构的动词有：,find,get,make,have(,使，让,),see,hear,动词宾语不定式,常用于这种结构接带,to,的不定式的动词有：,ask,tell,invite,force,advise,get,beg,allow,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encourage,hate,warn,permit,常用于这种结构省略,to,的不定式的动词有：,make,let,have(,使，让,),see,hear,watch,notice,feel,observe,动词宾语介词短语或副词,make,sb,.at home;keep,sb,.out;let,sb,.in/out;drive,sb,.off/out,指点迷津,make/elect/choose,宾语名词，当作宾补的名词是独一无二的职位时，该名词前不用任何冠词，这样的名词有：,president,chairman,monitor,headmaster,headteacher,manager,head,captain,make/find/feel/consider/think,宾语名词,/,形容词，当宾语是从句或不定式，常用,it,作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在作宾补的名词或形容词之后，成为,make/find/feel/consider/think,it,名词,/,形容词从句,/,不定式。,感官动词,/,使役动词宾语省,to,的不定式，当以被动结构出现时，作主补的不定式要带,to,，如,be made/let/seen/heard/watched/noticed/felt/observed,带,to,的不定式。,I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full.,A.it B.that,C.these D.them,解析：,本题考查,it,作形式宾语的用法。,when people talk with their mouths full,是真正宾语。若使用,that,则与,when,冲突。句子的意思是,“,我讨厌人们嘴里含着食物说话。,”,答案：,A,4,as.,as,.,与,一样,.he understands that friendship is about feeling and that we must give as much as we take.,他明白了这样的道理：友谊离不开感情；人既要得到关爱，又必须给他人以同样多的关爱。,思维拓展,as.,as,.,表示,“,与,一样,/,同样,”,，第一个,as,为副词，用以修饰形容词、副词，第二个,as,可作介词或连词，后接名词、代词或句子。在否定句中也可用,so.as.,。,Tom isn,t so strong as he _,，,is he?,Yes.He is _ his two brothers.,A.thinks;no stronger than,B.expects;as strong as,C.appears;stronger than,D.looks;the strongest,解析：,考查比较状语从句。针对问句中的,not so/as.as,，回答时用,yes,，表示否定意,“,不,”,的意思，说明,Tom,比他的两个哥哥强。,答案：,C,5,make oneself at home,别客气,思维拓展,help yourself to,sth,.,随便拿,/,吃,/,用,introduce oneself to.,向,做自我介绍,learn by oneself,自学,You will find as you read this book that you just can,t keep some of these stories to _.You will want to share them with a friend.,A.itself B.yourself,C.himself D.themselves,解析：,本题反身代词应与,you,保持一致，意思是：不能自我欣赏，而要与朋友欣赏。,答案：,B,6,except for,除了,之外,指点迷津,nothing except(,nothing but,only),except,prep,.(,not including/leaving out,but not),“,除,之外,”,，后可跟名词和从句。,except,后跟名词时，前面常有表示,“,全部,”,概念的词，即,anyone,anything,anybody,everyone,everything,all,no one,none,nothing,等。,besides,prep,.(,as well as,in addition to,also),“,除,之外，还有,”,，后跟名词时，前面常有表示,“,部分,”,概念的词，即,other,another,else,more,等信息词，后还可以有,as well,等。,but,意义同,except,，但它多和,no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything,以及,who,where,what,等不定代词或疑问词连用。其次，,but,后还可跟动词不定式,(,带,to,或省略,to),构成：,There is nothing to do but do.,除了做,无事可做。,There is no choice but to do.,除了做,别无选择。,the last/next but one/two/three.,倒数第二,/,第三,/,第四,except for,“,除了,之外,”,，用于排除非同类事物，其中,for,表示理由或细节，订正或修正某些事实。,but for,“,要不是，若非,”,，常用于虚拟语气中。,besides,ad,v,.,“,而且,”,，常置于句首或句尾，且用逗号与主句隔开。,I know nothing about the young lady _ she is from Beijing.,A.except B.except that,C.except for D.besides,解析：,空白处应填连接词，因其后是一从句。,答案：,B,7,come about,发生，产生,思维拓展,How does it come about that.?,是怎样发生的？,come along/on,过来，一道来,come after(,follow),跟随,come/run across,sb,.(,come upon,sb,.)(,meet with,sb,.)(,happen to meet,sb,.)(,meet,sb,.by chance),偶然遇见某人,come to oneself(,come back to life),苏醒过来,come to a stop(,come to an end),结束，停止,come to know(,get to know),逐渐认识,come into being(,指事情、局面的,),形成，出现,come into effect/force,生效,come into power/office,上任，就职,come true,成为现实,指点迷津,come about,“,发生,”,，相当于,happen,。,happen,“,发生,”,，强调偶然性。,take place,“,发生,”,，强调必然性或按事先的安排或计划而发生。,break out,“,发生,”,，指灾难性的战争、火灾、疾病等的爆发。,occur,“,发生,”,，指意想不到的事情的发生。,上述,“,发生,”,均没有被动语态。,Please tell me how the accident _.I am still in the dark.,A.came by,B.came upon,C.came to D.came about,解析：,come by,“,从旁走过；得到，获得,”,；,come upon,“,被想出，偶然发现,/,遇见等,”,；,come to,“,想出，达到,”,；,come about,“,发生,”,。句意：请告诉我事故是怎样发生的，我仍然不明了。,答案：,D,8,end up with,以,告终,思维拓展,end up with,以,结束,end with,以,结束,begin/start with,以,开始,The meeting began _ the national theme and also ended _ it.,A.at;at,B.with;with,C.at;with D.with;up with,解析：,begin with,“,以,开始,”,；,end with,“,以,结束,”,；,end up with,往往指有不好的结果。,答案：,B,9,bring,in,(in,为副词,),主要有以下词义：,思维拓展,收,(,庄稼等,),：,bring in a good harvest,获得好收成,获利，赚钱，使,得到收入,bring in a little extra income,得到一点额外的收入,bring them in several hundred dollars,使他们得到几百美元的收入,把,扯进来，把,插进来,bring in some useful sentences,插入一些有用的句子,提出，引进,(,话题，法案，习惯等,),bring in some reforms,提出一些改革意见,bring in new customs and habits,带来新的风俗习惯,指点迷津,bring out,说明，阐明；出版,(,文艺作品,),；表现出来,bring on,使发生，引起,bring up,提起，提出；抚养，培养；呕吐,bring down,使倒下，使下降；击落，推翻,A great deal of science and technique has been _ since China carried _ reform and open.,A.brought down;on,B.brought in;out,C.brought out;out,D.brought up;on,解析：,动词短语辨析题，,carry on,“,继续进行，进行下去,”,；,carry out,“,实行，执行,”,。题意为,“,自从中国实行改革开放以来，大量的科学技术被引进。,”“,引进，吸收,”,应用,bring in,。,答案：,B,10,a great many,许多的,思维拓展,指点迷津,a great/good many of,many a,n,.C,单单数谓语,a great/large quantity of,n,.C,U,单数谓语,/,复数谓语,large/great quantities of,n,.C,U,复数谓语,The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took _ pictures of them.,A.many of B.masses of,C.the number of D.a large amount of,解析：,masses of,“,大量的,”,，后可跟可数或不可数名词；,the number of,“,的数目,”,；,a large amount of,后接不可数名词；,many of,后接带有定冠词的名词，意思是,“,中的许多,”,。,答案：,B,.,句型归纳,1,What is it that Joe can,t find in the bathroom,？乔在浴室中找不到的是什么东西？,思维拓展,该句子中使用了强调句式,“,It is/was.that/who.,”,这一结构的疑问结构。,It is/was,被强调部分,that,clause,强调句式的陈述句,Is/Was it,被强调部分,that,clause,强调句式的一般疑问句,Who/What/When/Where/Why/How is/was it,that,clause,强调句式的特殊疑问句,注：,用,is,还是,was,取决于原来句子的时态；强调谓语不能用以上句式，而应用助动词,do/does/did,动词原形。,Why!I have nothing to confess._ you want me to say?,A.What is it that B.What it is that,C.How is it that D.How it is that,解析：,该题考查强调句的特殊疑问句形式，排除,B,、,D,项；由于句中,say,需要宾语，排除,C,项。,答案：,A,2,English is a language spoken all around the world.,英语是世界各地都在说的语言。,指点迷津,spoken all around the world,为过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句,that is spoken all around the world,。,用过去分词作定语，说明与所修饰的名词或代词之间往往存在动宾关系，例如：,a dog tied to the tree,拴在树上的狗,the money left on the ground,掉在地上的钱,如果动词与所修饰的名词或代词之间是主动关系，往往用现在分词短语作定语，如：,a running car,一辆跑着的汽车,the crying baby,哭着的小孩,3,
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