Unit9 grammar 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Ellipsis,Unit9 grammar,简单句中的省略,1,、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,(1),(I),Thank you for your help.,(2),(I),See you tomorrow.,(3),(It),Doesnt matter.,(4),(I),Beg your pardon.,2,、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分,(1),(There is),No smoking.,(2),(Is there),Anything wrong?,(3),(Will you),Have a smoke?,(4)What/How,(do you think),about,apples?,(5)Why,(do you),not say hello to,him?,3,、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留,to,，,但如果该宾语是动词,be,或完成时态，则须在之后加上,be,或,have:,(1)Are you going there?-Yes,Id like to,(go there).,(2)He didnt give me the chance,though he had promised to,(give me the chance).,(3)Are you an engineer?-No,but I want,to be.,(4)He hasnt finished the task yet.-Well,he ought,to have,.,4,、省略表语,(1)Are you thirsty?-Yes,I am,(thirsty).,(2)His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister,(lazy).,5,、同时省略几个成分,(1)Lets meet at the same place as,(we met),yesterday.,(2)-Have you finished your work?,-,(I have),Not,(finished my work),yet.,并列句中的省略,两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。,(1)My father is a doctor and my mother,(is),a nurse.,(2)I study at college and my sister,(studies),at high school.,(3)When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night,(is getting),shorter and shorter.,主从复合句中的省略,1,、主句中有一些成分被省略,(1),(Im),Sorry to hear you are ill.,(2),(Its a),Pity that he missed a good chance.,2,、主句中有一些成分被省略,(1)Is he coming back tonight?-I think,so,.,(2)She must be busy now?-If,so,she cant go with us.,(3)Is she feeling better today?-Im afraid,not,.,(4)Do you think he will attend the meeting?-I guess,not,.,这种用法常见的有：,How so?Why so?Is that so?I hope so.He said so.I suppose/believe/hope not.,其他省略,1,、连词的,that,省略,(1),宾语从句中常省略连词,that,，,但也有不能省略 的情况。,(2),在定语从句中,，,that,在从句中作宾语时,可省略,.,另外，凡是,进行时态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和,be,动词。,2,、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语,+be”,部分,(1)When,(he was),still a boy of 10,he had to work day and night.(2)She tried her best though,(she was),rather poor in health.(3)If,(you are),asked you may come in.(4)If,(it is),necessary Ill explain to you again.,一、时间状语从句中的省略,1.When(he was)very young,he began to learn to play the piano.,2.While(I was)at college,I began to know him,a strange but able student.,3.When arriving,send me a telegram.(When you arrive,send me a telegram.),4.Dont come in until(you are)asked to.,5.Whenever(it is)possible,you should come and help.,6.You should let us know the result as soon as(it is)possible.,注：,as,在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说,As walking,she found a nice shining thing on the ground.,二、地点状语从句中的省略,1.Lay these books where possible you,can find them easily.,2.Put in articles wherever necessary in,the following passages.,三、条件状语从句中的省略,常用句型,:if necessary,if possible,if true,if anyone,等。,1.Send the goods now if(they are),ready.He will come if(he is)asked.,2.If(it is)necessary,ring me at home.,3.Come along with me if(it is)possible.,4.If(it is)true,this will,casue,us a lot of,trouble.,5.There are few people nowadays,if,(there are)any,who remember him.,6.You should stay where you are,unless,(you are)asked to leave.,四、让步状语从句中的省略,1.He is a good man,though sometimes,(he is)rather dull.,2.Even if(I am)invited to,I wont go to,such a bad lecture.,五、比较状语从句中的省略,1.She can play the piano just as,wonderfully as you(do).,2.She has finished the work earlier than,(it has been)expected.,六、方式状语从句中的省略,as if/as though,后还可加,n./a./ad./,介词短语,/,现在分词,/,过去分词,/,不定式。,1.He acts as if(he were)a fool.,2.He talked to the stranger as if(he were),absent-minded.,3.He opened the desk,as if(he was)in,search of something important.,4.The boy is running impatiently here,and there as if(he is)searching for,something lost on the sports ground.,5.The football player is rolling on the,ground as if(he is)hurt badly in the leg.,6.He moved his lips as if(he wanted)to,speak.,3,、不定式符号,to,的省略,并列的不定式可省去后面的,to.,I told him to sit down,and,wait for,a moment.,(2)help,当,“,帮助,”,讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号,to,可带可不带,.,I will help,(to),do it for you.,I will help you,(to),do it.,(3),介词,but,前若有动词,do,后面的不定式不带,to.,The boy did nothing,but play,.,(4),某些,使役动词（,let,make,have,）,及感官动词（,see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to,等,）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去,to,但在被动语态中须将,to,复原。,I,saw the boy fall from,the tree.,The boy,was seen to fall from,the tree.,The boss,made us work,12 hours a day.,We,were made to work,12 hours a day,.,(5),主语从句中有动词,do,后面作表语的不定式的,to,可带可不带。,All we can do now is,(to)wait,.,(6)find,当,“,发现,”,讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号,to,可带可不带。,We found him,(to)work very hard at,the experiment.,但如果是不定式,to be,，,则不能省略,。,She found him,to be,dishonest.,4,、连词,if,在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。,Had they time,they would certainly come and help us.,(2),Were I you,I would do the work better.,(3）,Should there be a flood,what should we do?,5,、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。,The sooner,(you do it),the better,(it will be).,EXERCISES,1.She can hold her longer than I can hold,my breath.,2.Do not bathe if you do not want to bath.,3.She could not decide whether,to go on a trip or not to go,on a trip.,4.They had a meal ,they went,out for a walk and they came,Back to sleep.,1.If_,well continue our experiment after,office hours.,A.being necessary B.be necessary,C.is necessary D.necessary,2.Raining hard,_?,A doesnt it B.does it C.is it D.isnt it,3.Have you been here long?,A.No,not very B.Not much,C.Yes,only little D.No,only yesterday,4.-Does your brother intend to study German?,-Yes,he intends_.,A./B.to C.so D.that,D,D,（A）,B,1.Generally speaking,_ according to directions,the drug has no side effect.,A.when taking B.when taken,C.when to take D.when to be taken,B,2.Though _ money,his parents managed to send him to university.,A.lacked B.lacking of,C.lacking D.lacked in,C,3.When _,the museum will be open to the public next year.,A.completed B.completing,C.being completed D.to be completed,A,4.The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it.,A.begins B.having begun,C.beginning D.begun,D,5.If _ the same treatment again,hes sure to get well.,A.Giving B.give C.given D.being given,C,6.While building a tunnel through the mountain,_.,A.an underground lake was discovered,B.there was an underground lake discovered,C.a lake was discovered underground,D.the workers discovered an underground lake,D,7,.-You should have thanked her before you left.,-I meant _,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.,A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing it,8,.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him _.,A.not to B.not to do,C.not do it D.do not to,B,A,9.,What would have happened _,as far as the river bank?,A.he had,walked farther,B.if he should,*,C.had he,*,D.if he,*,C,1,0.,-Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?-_.,A.I dont believe B.I dont believe it,C.I believe not so D.I believe not,D,1,1,.-What do you think made Mary upset?,-_her new bicycle.,A.As she lost B.Lost,C.Losing D.Because of losing,C,1,2,.One of the sides of the board should be painted yellow,and_.,A.the other is white B.another white,C.the other white D.another is white,1,3,.-Would you like some wine?,-Yes,just _.,A.little B.very little C.a little D.a few,C,C,14.-Ill be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat?,-Not at all._.,A.Ive no time B.Id rather not,C.Id like it D.Id be happy to,D,