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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,It is the,summer,of,1903.(P,17,),那是,1903,年的夏天。,summer,是季节名词。一般地说，表示一年四季的季节名词前不能加冠词。,It is cold in winter,and hot in summer here.,这儿的气候是冬寒夏热。,但在下列情况下，要加冠词：,(1),当这些名词表示的是一段时间而不表示季节概念时。,I appreciate spending the summer in,Qingdao,in summer.,summer,我特别喜欢夏季在青岛过夏天。,(2),具体的某一季节。,In the spring of 1998,an old man came here.Since then great changes have taken place.,在,1998,年的春天，一位老人来到这里，从此以后就发生了天翻地覆的变化。,(3),固定结构中。在,all through/throughout,介词后，表示“一整个,”,的意思。,summer,They will sleep all through/throughout the winter.,他们会睡一整个冬天。,summer,Who?,Me,sir,?,(,P,17,),先生，你叫谁呀？是叫我吗？,一般地说，人称代词作主语用其主格；作宾语用其宾格；作定语用其形容词性物主代词；用名词性物主代词以代替“形容词性物主代词先行词”。但在口语中，现代语言学家认为：在无动词的句子里，往往用代词的宾格形式。,Would you lend me your hand?,Me?Of course.I can.,你能给我帮下忙吗？,我吗？当然可以。,Me,his eyes stare,at what,is left of the brothers dinner on table,(,P,18,),他的眼睛盯着兄弟俩留在餐桌上的残羹剩菜,你知道句中的,at what,为什么不用,at which,吗？,问题的关键是要搞清楚是介词的宾语从句还是定语从句。如果是介词的宾语从句，它所构成的是“介词连接词”；如果是定语从句，它所构成的是“介词关系代词”。,其前没有名词或代词时，它只可能是“介词连接词”所构成的宾语从句。其前有名词或代词时，我们可以把这个名词放到介词后，再把它代入,at what,到从句中，看看是否成立，成立就是定语从句，指人，用,whom,；指物，就用,which,，如：,You have written a perfect composition except that there are some spelling mistakes.,除了一些拼写错误以外，你的作文是无可挑剔的。,(,无法把,composition,放到介词,except,后，所以是宾语从句，从句中不缺少句子成分，也没有语义的丢失。,),at what,I will go to the farm on which I will work with the farmers for two years.,我要去农场，在那儿我要和农民们一起劳动两年。,(the farm,可以放入到介词,on,后，再代入从句中，可以放在地点状语的位置，所以是定语从句，指物，用,which,。,),at what,用恰当的连接词或关系词填空,(1),I often go out for a walk after dinner every day except _ it was raining.,(2),Ill never forget the days in _ we worked together.,(1)when,(2)which,at what,根据语境猜词义,(1),If you,compare,house prices in the two areas,its quite amazing how different they are.,(2),Compare,some recent work,with,your older stuff and youll see how much youve improved.,(3),The rides at the fair just cant,compare with,the rides at Disneyland.,(4),Poets have,compared,sleep,to,death.,compare,v.,根据语义找匹配,把,与,比较,B.,把,比作,C.,比较,D.,和某人,/,某事相比或值得相比,(1)C,(2)A,(3)D,(4)B,compare,v.,短语,compare A with B/compare A and B,把,A,与,B,比较,compare A to B,把,A,比作,B,compare with sb./,sth,.,和某人、某事相比或值得相比,beyond compare,无可比拟；举世无双,链接,compare,v.,比较，对照，比喻,comparison,n.,比较，对照，比喻，比较关系,comparative,adj,.,相对的,comparatively,adv,.,compare,v.,单项填空,(,),(1),When _ different cultures,we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.,A.compared B.being compared,C.comparing D.having compared,compare,v.,C,本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是：在比较不同的文化时，我们经常仅仅注意它们之间的不同之处而忽略了许多相似之处。依据“连接词分词”结构中的分词选择原则，我们只需考虑分词与主语的逻辑关系。主动，用,v.,ing,形式；被动，用,v,.,ed,形式。“我们”和“比较”是主动关系，所以答案是,C,。,compare,v.,(,),(2),_with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.,A.Compare B.When comparing,C.Comparing D.When compared,D,本题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。其语义是：与整个地球面积相比，最大的海洋似乎一点都不大了。依据“连接词分词”结构中的分词选择原则，排除,B,、,C,；又由于是状语，不能用祈使句，排除,A,，所以答案是,D,。,compare,v.,The old bridge,isnt,strong,enough to,allow the passage of heavy vehicles.,(P,20,),这座古桥不够结实不允许重型车辆通过。,本句含有,notenough to do,sth,.,句式，表达“不够,而不能,”,的语义。有时还可以用“,notenough for”,表达。,The kid is not old enough to go to school.,这个小孩年龄不够大而不能上学。,He is not tall enough for the apple on the shelf.,他个头不高而够不到橱柜上的苹果。,notenough to,温馨提示,在形成,cant/neverenough,句式时，我们要特别注意对它的语义理解。它所表达的意思是：“怎么样都不为过”或“越,越好”。,One cant be careful enough.,一个人怎么小心都不为过。,(,越认真越好。,),notenough to,Yes,thats right,.(P,22,),是的，没错。,辨析,Thats right/Thats all right/All right,Thats right,对上述意见的赞同，表示“没错、你说得对、对”的意思。可以用,You are right,或,Right,代替。,No road is long with company.,Thats right.,Thats all right,是对道歉的应答，表示“没关系”的意思。,thats right,James,I am sorry I used your computer when you were away this morning.,That all right.,All right,是对别人请求做某事的同意，表示“行、可以”的意思。,Can you go out for a walk with us after supper?,All right.,thats right,it is well,known that,Americans like to eat a lot.,众所周知美国人就喜欢大吃大喝。,这是,It is,v,ed,that,所构成的主语从句句式。,it,是形式主语，,that,clause,是真正的主语。由于主语从句太长，为了避免头重脚轻现象而采取的修辞手段。,it,只能用,it,，不能用其他代词；,that,不可省略，也不是固定不变的，它要依据从句中缺少的句子成分加以变化，所以在处理这一问题时，我们一定不要思维定势。,It is known that he is the top student in our class.,众所周知他是我们班出类拔萃的学生。,it is well,known that,It is unknown what he is murmuring.,没人知道他嘟哝着什么。,Its suggested that the meeting(should)be put off on account of the heavy rain.,有人建议由于这场大雨而推迟会议。,it is well,known that,短语,It is said that,据说,It is reported that,据报道,It is announced that,据宣称,It is suggested that,有人建议,注意从句要用虚拟语气，其形式是,(,should)do,sth,.,it is well,known that,温馨提示,要注意另外的两个相似句式：,As is,v,ed,What is,v,ed is that,As is reported,there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident,including a ten,month baby.,Whats reported is that there are 12 persons killed in the traffic accident,including a ten,month baby.,it is well,known that,单项填空,(,),(1),_ is known to the world is _ Mark Twain is a great American writer.,A.It;that B.What;/,C.As;/D.What;that,it is well,known that,D,考查连接词的选择。本题的语义是：全世界都知道马克,吐温是美国的一位伟大的作家。在第二个,is,之前是一个主语从句。主语从句中所缺少的是主语，指事，所以用,what,。第二个空在,is,之后是表语从句，从句中不缺少成分，也没有语义的丢失，所以用,that,，因此答案是,D,。,it is well,known that,(,),(2),_ has been announced,we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June.,A.As B.It,C.Which D.What,it is well,known that,A,考查从句连接词的选择。本题的语义是：正如所宣布的那样，我们在,6,月底之前必须交论文。依据“两句话之间没句号，必须有连接词”的原则，排除,B;,根据语境，能代替,we must hand in our graduation papers before the end of June,应是一个非限制性定语从句，在句首时，只能用,as,，所以答案是,A,。,it is well,known that,Well,thats,very kind of you.,(P,22,),噢，那就太谢谢您啦。,在交际英语中，这往往被用来向别人对你的好意表示感谢的用语。它的回应是,Its a/my pleasure./My pleasure.,在这里要注意,that,的使用。因为它所代表的是上文所做的事情，所以它往往要用,that,而不用,it,。,it,是形式主语，它所代表的是,to do,sth,.,。,You have given me so much help.Thats very kind of you.,My pleasure.,thats,very kind of you.,Its very kind of you to help me.,You have given me so much help,which is very kind of you.,thats,very kind of you.,please forget it,.,(P,22,),请把它忘了吧。,/,就别想那件事啦。,这是交际英语中常用的一句话。表示不要再想着说过的话或做过的事情。,Id like to take a weeks holiday.,我想度一周的假。,Forget it,were too busy.,别提那档事啦。我们太忙了。,please forget it,温馨提示,Dont mention it,.,通常用在对感谢或道歉的交际活动中。有着“区区小事，何足挂齿”之意。,Thank you for having given me so much help.,谢谢您给了我那么多的帮助。,Dont mention it.,区区小事，何足挂齿。,please forget it,
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