高考英语总复习 语法专项 定语从句课件 新人教版 课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,高考总复习,英语,*,定语从句,一、关系代词的用法,1,that,和,which,的用法,(1),限制性定语从句中，必须用关系代词,that,的情况：,当先行词是不定代词,all,，,much,，,little,，,something,，,everything,，,anything,，,nothing,，,none,，,the one,时。,You should hand in all that you have.,当先行词前面被,the only,，,the very,，,any,，,few,，,little,，,no,，,all,等词修饰时。,This is the only thing that has been tried.,当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。,This is the best that has been used against pollution.,当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。,This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.,当先行词既有人又有物时。,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,当主句的主语是疑问词,who,或,which,时。,Which is the bike that you lost?,有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用,which,，另外一个宜用,that,。,They secretly built up a small factory,，,which produced things that could cause pollution.,当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。,Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.,(2),定语从句中必须用,which,的情况：,在非限制性定语从句中，只用,which,，不用,that,。,Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,，,which,，,of course,，,made the others envy him.,当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用,which,，不用,that,。,This is a house in which Lu,Xun,once lived.,注意,：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。,This is the pen(which/that)Im looking for.,不可以说：,This is the pen for which Im looking.,2,who,，,whom,和,whose,的用法,当先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语时，用,who,，不可省略；在定语从句中作宾语时，用,whom/that,，可以省略；在定语从句中作定语时，用,whose,，不可省略。,She is the girl who lives next door.,Thats the girl(whom/that)I teach.,3,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句,“,介词关系代词,”,引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用,which(,指物,),或,whom(,指人,),，即：介词,which/whom,。,(1),当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用,which,或,whom,，且不能省略。,They may start as a group of,highschool,students,，,for whom,practising,their music in someones house is the first step to fame.,(2),在限制性定语从句中，当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用,that/which(,指物,),，,that/whom/who(,指人,),作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。,This is the,hero(that,/who/whom)we are proud of.,(3),“,复合介词短语关系代词,which,”,引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装语序。,He lived in a big house,，,in front of which stood a big tall apple tree.,(4),介词,which/whom,不定式结构。,The poor man has no house in which to live.,The poor man has no house to live in.,The poor man has no house in which he can live.,4,as,和,which,的区别,(1)as,引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。,As is known to all,，,fish cant live without water.,Smoking is harmful to our health,，,as we know.,The weather turned out to be very good,，,which was more than we could expect.,(2),当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用,as,。,As is known to everybody,，,the moon travels round the earth once every month.,The moon travels round the earth once every month,，,as/which is known to everybody.,It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.(,后两句属名词性从句范畴,),另外，,as,多用于下列习惯用语中：,as anybody can see,正如人人都能看到的那样,as we had expected,正如我们所预料的那样,as often happens,正如经常发生的那样,as has been said before,如上所述,as is mentioned above,正如上面提到的,(3),当定语从句放在主句后面时，也并不是,as,就永远等于,which,。,当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时，只能用,which,。,He came here very late,，,which was,unexpected(not,expected),Mr.Smith,usually praises his student Rose in public,，,which she doesnt like at all.,当,as,在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态。如：,be known,，,be said,等。如果从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般用,which,作主语。,as,常用在,as often happens,，,as was said earlier,，,as I understand,，,as appears,等结构中。,Jack has won the first prize,，,as often happens.,as,仍然保持作连词时常有的某种含义。,David is tall,，,as are my brothers.,当非限制性定语从句的谓语后跟一个复合结构时，只能用,which,引导定语从句。,Betty always tells a lie,，,which her parents feel strange.,二、关系副词的用法,1,当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。,I still remember the day when I first came to,Beijing.(when,on which),Can you tell me the office where he works,？,(where,in which),2,介词关系代词,(which),where/when,。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词,where/when,前加介词,from,，,to,等。,China is the birthplace of kites,，,from where kites spread to Japan and Korea.,3,高考对关系副词,where,的考查。,高考试题中对于,where,的考查趋于复杂，从先行词为明显的,“,地点,”,转为,“,地点的模糊化,”,。事实上，对于,where,这个词，考生不能只理解为表地点。当先行词表示某人,/,物的,situation,，或某事所发展的,stage,，或表达某事的某个方面时都可用,where,这个关系副词。,The accident has reached to a point where both their parents are to be called in.,三、定语从句用法其他要点,1,关系代词在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。,2,定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。,当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数的方面，应该与先行词保持一致。,(1)one of,复数名词关系代词复数动词。,The Great Wall is one of the,worldfamous,buildings that draw lots of visitors.,(2)the only one of,复数名词关系代词单数动词。,The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on the earth that is seen from the moon.,注意,：,not the only one of.,one of.,(3),当关系代词,as,与,which,引导非限制性定语从句，修饰主句内容时，若,as,与,which,作主语，则从句的谓语动词用单数形式。,Great changes have taken place in China,，,as is known to all.,He has passed the College Entrance Examinations,，,which makes his parents quite happy.,(4),其他情况：,I,，,who am your teacher,，,will try my best to help you.,选择合适的关系词填空,1,The authors of computer viruses are geniuses.,I,agree.They,should apply their wisdom to other net technology from _(which/that)human beings can benefit.,2,During World War,，,he took many photos,，,_(of which/by which)some captured the emotions of both the soldiers and the civilians in the,wartorn,Europe.,3,We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people,，,most of _(which/whom)are healthy.,4,That is the small house less than 20 square meters,，,under _(which/,whose)roof,lives a large family of three generations.,5,Tom took the police to the spot _(which/where)the accident happened.,6,The lazy boy is expecting a way _(that/which)he can get through the exams without hard work.,7,Since 1995,，,_(when/which)people call the Year of the Internet,，,the world has turned flat thanks to the network.,8,This is the same watch _(that/which)I lost.,【,答案,】,1.which,2.of which,3.whom,4,whose,5.where,6.that,7.which,8.that,