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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Unit 4,Earthquake,基础知识自测,一,单词拼写,请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。,1._,bE:st,v,.,爆裂，爆发,2._,ruin,n.&v,.,废墟，毁灭,3._,iks5tri:m,adj.,极端的，极度的,4._,5indVE,v.,损害，伤害,5._,dis5trCi,vt,.,破坏，毁坏,6._,5ju:slis,adj.,无用的，无效的,7._,FCk,n.&,vt,.,震惊，震动,8._,5reskju,:,n.&v.,援救,9._,5fraitn,vt,.,使惊吓,10._,dVQdV,v.&n.,判断，法官,burst,ruin,extreme,injure,destroy,useless,shock,rescue,frighten,judge,11._,iks5pres,vt,.,表达,12._,5sQfEriN,n.,苦难，痛苦,13._,sin5siEli,adv.,真诚地，真挚地,14._,5beri,vt,.,埋葬，掩埋,15._,trAp,n.&,vt,.,陷阱，使 陷入困境,16._,sE5vaivE,n.,幸存者,17._,Ilek5trIsItI,n.,电,18._,di5zB:stE,n.,灾难，灾祸,19._,kEn7rAtju5leiFEn,n.,祝贺,20._,kE5nAl,n.,运河，水道,canal,express,suffering,sincerely,bury,trap,survivor,electricity,disaster,congratulation,二,单词运用,根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词。,1.A lot of pipes,_,and tens of thousands of house were,_,in the earthquake.,2.The,_,weather,_ _,the natives a lot of whom were,_,3.Cars were,_ a,s almost all roads and bridges were,_,.People were,_,as no one came to their,_,after disaster happened.,4.The plaintiffs,_,their gratitude to the,_,who extended justice for them.,judges,burst,ruined,extreme,shocked,injured,useless,destroyed,frightened,rescue,expressed,5.He was one of the _ in the earthquake.(survive),6.Suez _ is controlled by Egypt.,7.Without _,our world would become dark and totally different.(electrical),8.We all show sympathy with him who has experienced so many _(suffer),9.I would like to express my _ on you for your great success in the competition.,10.I am _ sorry for the trouble I have caused to you.(sincere),sincerely,survivors,Canal,electricity,sufferings,Congratulations,三,词语派生,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。,1.The food smells so _.We should throw it away.(smell),2.The entire nation consider it a _ pride to host the Olympic Games(nation),3.Alexs mother _ her dissatisfaction with his room in which all windows and floor were covered with _.(expression/dirty),4.Fortunately,all miners trapped in the mines survived though some _ suffered minor _.(survive/injure),5.This is _ news to all of us as we never expected he would lose the game.(shock),6.The conditions there are _ difficult.Please take more equipment,which may be very_,for you.(extreme/use),useful,smelly,national,expressed,dirt,survivors,injuries,shocking,extremely,四,词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。,1._,立刻，马上,2._,突然,3._,仿佛，好像,4._,结束，终结,5._,成为废墟，破败不堪,6._,挖掘，发现,7._,大量的,8._,对,不重视,9._,成千上万的,10._,三分之二,right away,burst into/out,as if,at an end,in ruins,dig out,a(great)number,think little of,tens of thousands of,two-thirds of,11.be too nervous to eat _,12.rescue from _,13.to the north of the city _,14.jump out of _,15.describe to,sb,_,16.everywhere they look _,17.useless pieces of steel _,18.fall down _,19.rescue workers _,20.congratulations on,sb,_,向某人祝贺,太紧张而不吃东西,从 中拯救出来,城市以北,从,跳出来,向某人描述,目光所及之处,废铁,倒塌，倒下,救援人员,五,词组运用,词组填空,根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。,1._ spectators _ laughter as the performance was so amusing.,2.You should leave for the meeting _as it is going to be _soon.,3.The old house lay_.So the owner had to _ his valuables in the dust with shovels.,4._ of people interviewed _ what had happened,which led to _ casualties.,5.It seems _ it is going to rain again.Lets move inside.,A great number of,burst into,right away,at an end,in ruins,dig out,Two-thirds,thought little of,tens of thousands of,as if,翻译句子,根据汉语意识，从第四大题中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。,6,救援人员从倒塌的房子中找到了一个幸存者。,The rescue workers found a survivor _,7,目光所及之处，所有都成为了废墟。,Everywhere we looked,_,8,他向我们描述了他是如何从废墟中被救出来的。,He described to us how _,9,在这个城市以北是一座大型的炼油厂。,_.,There is a large oil plant to the north of this city.,in the house that had fallen down.,all lay in ruins.,he was rescued from the ruins.,六、介词填空,请用恰当的介词填空。,1.No one helped me.I did it all,myself.,2.If you keep _,youll succeed,time.,3.Judging _ his accent,he must come _ Sichuan.,4.Only _ this way can you succeed.,5._ two exams to worry about,I have to work really hard this weekend.,With,by,on,in,from/by,from,in,6.I owe thanks _ you _ your unselfish help.,7.She has been married _ a young worker.,8.-What time is it now?,-It is seven_ my watch.,9.The tables in that restaurant are so close together that theres little space _ them.,10.I feel that one of my main duties _ a teacher is to help the students to become better learners.,to for,to,by,between,as,Language Data Bank,Language Points for Reading I,Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.(P25),Shake:vi/,vt,(shook,shaken),Shake hands with,sb,Shake ones head over/at,sth,The whole house shook during the explosion.,The explosion shook the house.,Please shake the bottle before taking.,The host shook hands with all the guests.,Nothing can shake our determination to overcome the difficulty.,He shook his head in answer to my question.,right away:right now;at once;immediately,I am getting in touch with him right away.,Language Points for Reading I,2.For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.(Para 1,Line 1),rise(rose,risen),vi,go up;get higher;(of the sun,moon,stars,etc.),come above the horizon;stand up,get out of bed,The flood has risen two feet.,She usually rises early in the morning.,rise&raise,rise,:,升起；上升；上涨（不能用于被动语态）,raise,:,举起；使升起；提高（可用于被动语态）,He raised a heavy box over his head.,We must raise the living standard of the people.,Food prices are still rising.,3.A smelly gas came out of the cracks.In the farmyards,the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat.(Para 1,Line 3),smelly adj.,发臭的,wind-windy dream-dreamy ice-icy,tooto,so that,This book is too difficult for me to read.,=This book is so difficult that I can not read.,4.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.(Para 1,L6),burst,(burst,burst),(1).vi.break open or in pieces suddenly;,e.g.When he was riding,the tire burst.,(2)e or go suddenly or violently,e.g.The house burst into flames.,The girl burst into tear.,(3).n.bursting,outbreak,e.g.a burst of laughter/applause,5.went to bed as usual that night.(Para1,Line 8),as usual,照常，惯常,As usual,it rained on my birthday.,6.It seemed that the world was at an end.(Para 2,Line 1),at an end,世界末日,come to an end,结束,The meeting came to an end at midnight.,at the end of,在,的尽头,/,最后,At the end of the road youll find a shop.,He is at the end of his patience.,7.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruin.(Para 2,Line 5),lie(lay,lain)(v.),to be,remain or be kept in a certain state,e.g.The village lay in ruins after the war.,in ruins,:,severly,damaged or destroyed,毁坏,e.g.An earthquake left the whole town in ruins.,n.,be/lie in ruins,sth,.left after destruction,decay or downfall,废墟，遗迹,v.,damage,destroyed,损坏，毁灭,e.g.The fire ruined the house,8.Two-thirds of the people died or were injured during the,earthquake.(para,2,Line 6),injure,:v,.,to hurt oneself/,sb,/,sth,physically,受伤,e,.g.He fell of the bicycle in car accident.,Smoking will injure your health,.,two-thirds,分子用基数（,one,，,two),，,分母用序数词,(first,second.),，,当分子超过,1,时，分母的词尾加,s,1/6 one-sixth,1/3 one-third,2/3 two-thirds,9.People were shocked.(Para 3,Line 7),shock,：,n.U C,打击；震惊，震动,vt,.,使震惊，使惊愕,shocking:adj.,使人震惊的,The news of his wifes death was a terrible,shook to him.,You will get a shock if you touch the live wire.,I was shocked by his rudeness.,His failure in the exam was shocking to his parents.,the number of,:,a quantity of people or things,.,a number of,:a lot of,reach(v,)to achieve or obtain,sth,.,达成（某事物）；达到，获得,e.g.At last we reached a decision.,Youll understand it when you reach my age.,destroy,:,v.to damage,sth,severely;ruin,e.g.An atom bomb would destroy a city.,All his hopes are destroyed.,instead of,:,in place of;rather than,代替，而不是,e.g.He did the work instead of his father.,Ill go to the cinema this afternoon,instead of doing my homework,.,rescue,:to save or set free from harm,danger,or loss,e.g.He rescued the man from drowning.,n.Act of rescuing,解救；营救,All hope was not lost.,不是所有的希望都破灭了。,all not =not all;some but not all.,一些，但不是全部,e.g.Not all the boys left.(=Only some of them left),Grammar,定语从句,The Attributive Clause,Grammar(5m),Titanic is the ship,that,sank after hitting an iceberg,.,Rose and Jack are the lovers,who,met on the ship,.,Rose,the lady/meet Jack on Titanic,Rose is,met,Jack on Titanic,Jack,the young man/want to save Rose,the man/want to kill Jack,Cal,Jack is,wanted,to save Rose,Cal is,wanted,to kill Jack.,the lady,who,the young man,who,the man,who,the ship/sink into the ocean,the ship/is the most beautiful,in the world at that time,Titanic is,sank,into the ocean.,Titanic is,was,the most beautiful in the word at that time.,the ship,that,the ship,that,the Heart of Ocean,the diamond/is worn by Rose,The Heart of Ocean is,was,worn by Rose.,the diamond/is dropped,into the ocean by Rose,The Heart of Ocean is,was,dropped into the ocean by Rose,the diamond,that,the diamond,that,born in 1847/man/invent the first telephone,Bell who was born in 1847 is the man that invented the first telephone.,引导定语从句关系代词的用法：,that which who whom whose,1.,that,在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物,1)A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,（,主语）,2)The noodles,that,I looked were delicious.,（,宾语）,3)Lets ask the man,that,is reading the book over there.,（,主语）,4)The girl,that,we saw yesterday is Jimsister.,（,宾语）,2.,Which,在从句中作主语或宾语，指物,1)They planted the trees,which,didnt need much water.,(,主语,),3.,who whom,在从句中分别作主语和宾语,(,口语中,who,也可作宾语,),1)The foreigner,who,visited our school yesterday is from Canada.,（,主语）,2)The fish,which,we bought were not fresh.,（,宾语）,2)The boy,who,broke the window is called Michael.,（,主语）,4)Mr.Read is the professor to,whom,you should write.,（,宾语）,3)The person to,whom,you just talked is Mr.Li.,（,宾语）,3)This is the book,whose,cover is blue.,4.,whose,在从句中作定语，指人或物,1)Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week.,2)This is the boy,whose,composition the teacher talked of.,The boss,in whose company,my father worked is a very kind person.,关系代词,whose,还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语,NOTE,that,和,which,在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下,一般用,that,而不用,which,。,I am sure she has,something,(that),you can borrow.,Ive read,all,the books,that,are not mine.,This is,the first,book,(that),he has read.,This is,the very,book,that,belongs to him.,(1),先行词为,all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,等不定代词时。,(2),先行词被,all,every,no,some,any,little,much,等,修饰时。,(3),先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。,(4),先行词被,the only,the very,the same,the last,修饰时。,NOTE,Are you clear now?OK.Lets do some exercise!,Function-I-practice(3m),3.The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with,who,whom,that,which or whose,1.The earthquake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2.We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake,that/which,that/who,which/that,6.Harry is the boy _ mother is our,maths,teacher.,4.A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.,5.Luckily none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake.,which/that,who/whom/that,whose,Answer keys for“Discovering useful structures”Ex.2 on Page 28,1 who,2 that/which,3 which/that,4 whose,5 whose,Function-II-practice(2m),1,.,The famous basketball star,_ tried to make a comeback,attracted a lot of attention.(,北京,2002,春季,),A,、,where B,、,when C,、,which D,、,who,答案,D,真题解析：,本题考察定语从句关联词的选择，从句意可知先行词,the famous basketball star,（,著名的篮球明星）是人，所以应用表示人的关联词,who,。,高考链接,The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.(NMET 2001),A,、,until B,、,that C,、,when D,、,where,答案,C,真题解析：,本题考察定语从句的连接词，主句中的先行词,the hours,被其它成分分割，只要考生能够认清真正的先行词，就不难得出答案，,the hours,表示时间，所以应该选择一个表示时间的关系副词，即,when,。,高考链接,3._ is known to everybody,the moon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET2001),A,、,It B,、,As C,、,That D,、,what,答案,B,真题解析：,本题考察,as,引导非限定性定语从句。,as,引导从句的意思是,“,正如,.”,，引导的非限定性定语从句修饰整个句子，当,as,在从句中充当主语时，常用下面的结构：,as is know,，,as is said,，,as is reported,等，所以本题的答案是,B,。,高考链接,The End,
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