高考英语语法、阅读和写作复习策略课件 牛津版 课件.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,2011,年师大附中高考英语研讨会,语法单项选择题复习策略管见,April.10,2011,1,2,一、历年高考语法单选题的命题走势及特点,二、对,2011,年高考语法单选的命题趋势预测,三、语法复习策略管见,四、原创单项选择题的命制方法,3,句法,词法,时态语态,从句连词,非谓语,虚拟语气,主谓一致,句型,情态动词,副词,冠词,代词,介词,形容词,04,2,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,05,2,4,2,1,1,1,1,06,2,4,3,1,1,1,2,1,07,3,4,2,1,1,1,1,1,1,08,2,4,3,1,1,1,1,1,1,09,3,3,3,1,2,1,1,1,10,4,3,3,1,1,1,1,1,0410,年语法题走势分析,4,一、,2010,年湖南卷单项填空题语法项目分析,考查内容,数量及题号,时态与语态,4,（,24,、,27,、,31,、,34,）,非谓语动词,3,（,21,、,26,、,30,）,从句,连词,名词从句,1,（,35,）,定语从句,1,（,28,）,状语从句,1,（,32,）,虚拟语气,1,（,29,）,主谓一致,1,（,33,）,副词,1,（,22,）,情态动词,1,（,23,）,句型（强调句）,1,（,25,）,5,命题走势：,1,知识立意转向能力立意,2,重点突出,动词是核心,3,淡化词法，加大句法,三大重点语法：,动词时态语态,主从复合句,非谓语动词,6,考试大纲,对三大重点语法项目考查的表述：,动词的时态,（,1,）一般现在时（,2,）一般过去时（,3,）一般将来时（,4,）现在进行时（,5,）过去进行时（,6,）现在完成时（,7,）过去完成时（,8,）过去将来时,动词的被动语态,（,1,）一般现在时的被动语态（,2,）一般过去时的被动语态（,3,）一般将来时的被动语态（,4,）现在进行时的被动语态（,5,）现在完成时的被动语态（,6,）带情态动词的被动语态,动词时态语态,7,动词的不定式,（,1,）作主语（,2,）作宾语（,3,）作宾语补足语（,4,）作状语（,5,）作定语（,6,）作表语（,7,）用在,how,when,where,what,which,who,whether,等后面,动词的过去分词,（,1,）作定语（,2,）作表语（,3,）作宾语补足语（,4,）作状语,动词的,-,ing,形式,（,1,）作主语（,2,）作宾语（,3,）作宾语补足语（,4,）作表语（,5,）作定语（,6,）作状语,非谓语动词,8,非谓语动词,并列句,复合句,（,1,）名词性从句,（,2,）状语从句,（,3,）定语从句,9,年份,题量,题号,考点,04,2,25,一般将来时,31,一般过去时,05,2,30,一般过去时,32,现在进行时,06,2,24,过去完成时,35,过去将来时,07,3,25,一般过去时被动语态,30,一般现在时，主谓一致,31,现在完成进行时,08,2,32,过去进行时,35,一般现在时被动语态,动词时态语态,10,09,3,23,一般过去时,27,现在进行时被动语态,35,一般过去时,10,6,24,一般过去时被动语态,27,过去完成时,29,过去完成时（虚拟语气）,31,过去进行时,33,现在完成时（主谓一致）,34,现在完成进行时,动词时态语态,11,年份,题量,题号,考查重点,04,2,23,定语从句关系副词,where,24,宾语从句连接代词,what,05,4,23,让步状语从句,even if,27,定语从句简化,in which to produce,31,比较状语从句,as,as,35,宾语从句,what silly mistakes,06,4,23,并列连词,for,表原因,30,非限制性定语从句,to whom,31,并列连词,when,34,原因状语从句连词,that,主从复合句,12,07,4,21,并列连词,but,28,宾语从句连词,that,31,非限制性定语从句,which,33,条件状语从句连词,unless,08,4,23,并列连词,but,29,宾语从句连接代词,what,31,非限制性定语从句,most of which,33,让步状语从句,while,主从复合句,13,09,3,26,限制性定语从句,whose,28,宾语从句连接代词,whatever,34,让步状语从句,although,10,3,28,限制性定语从句,who,32,让步状语从句,even though,35,宾语从句连接副词,why,主从复合句,14,非谓语动词,年份,题量,题号,考查重点,04,1,33,不定式完成式作状语，表原因,05,2,22,过去分词短语作状语,34,独立主格结构（不定式作状语）,06,3,21,现在分词短语作定语,28,动名词短语作宾语,33,不定式被动结构作状语表目的,07,2,29,现在分词短语作状语表伴随,34,过去分词作定语,15,08,3,26,过去分词短语作定语,30,不定式短语作状语，表目的,34,动名词短语作宾语,09,3,21,过去分词短语作状语，表条件,25,现在分词短语作状语，表伴随,29,不定式短语作宾语,10,3,21,现在分词短语作宾补,26,现在分词短语作状语，表时间,30,过去分词短语作定语,非谓语动词,16,总的指导思想：,立足基础，体现课改；,注重技能，强调语用；,兼顾选拔，注重导向。,二、,2011,年语法考查趋势分析,17,必考语法：,时态语态,主从复合句,非谓语动词,情态动词,18,选考语法：,形容词,/,副词比较等级,副词辨异,常用句型,主谓一致,虚拟语气,19,下移语法：,冠词,介词搭配,人称代词,it,they,them,their,theirs,等,不定代词,one,any,both,all,each,everything,等,并列连词,and,so,but,or,20,1,时态语态,1,）,考纲,中所列的必考的,8,种时态,6,种被动语态依然是命题人的选择范围；,2,）真实情景中考查时态语态；,3,）被动语态和时态混合的问题；,4,）时态、语态与主谓一致结合考查。,21,2,复合句,1,）名词性从句中的,宾语从句,继续是考查重点。,2,）定语从句将继续考查限制性和非限定性定语从句的关系词的运用。,3,）状语从句中的,让步、时间、条件,三大状语从句将依然是重点选择，且只考查常用的连接副词，不会涉及特殊连接词。,22,3,非谓语动词,1,）非谓语动词作状语、定语和补足语的用法；,2,）只涉及非谓语动词的一般式，不会考查那些偏、怪用法；,3,）谓语动词与非谓语动词形式的辨别；,4,）,with,介词的复合结构（即非谓语动词作宾补）值得关注。,1.,谓语动词为单句的重要标志。,2.,单句之间的连接可以用连词、关系词、,分号、破折号、冒号但不能是逗号。,3.,名词性从句在句中相当于一个名词；,定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词；,状语从句在句中相当于一个副词。,4.,助动词的作用,(,帮助动词，表示主语人称、,数，表示句子的时态，表示对主语的肯定、,否定、疑问等语气。,),掌握基本的语法概念,二.,突破语法,1.,条理清晰,2.,简单形象,3.,总结归纳,4.,比较联系,熟悉语法规则,二.,突破语法,a,book,the,book,the,books,the,bread,one,that,(of yours),ones,those,some,that,the one,(that you,bought),bread,books,1.,条理清晰,名词的同类指代,熟悉语法规则,不定关系“,a”,的使用,A triangle has three angles.,“,任一,”,He comes from a firm in Beijing.,“,某一,”,It costs ten dollars a pair.,“,每一,”,Birds of a feather flock together.,“,同一,”,The movie is so interesting that I,will see it a second time.,“,再一,”,a pleasure/surprise/joy,(,抽象名词,),“,一件,/,个,.,”,a rain/coffee/beer,(,物质名词,),“,一份,/,阵,”,熟悉语法规则,2.,简单形象,问题一：是用,a,还是,an,。,1.He is studying in _ university in Hunan.,2.The word“student”begins with _“s”.,3.Is he _ M.D.?,an apple,an egg,an“M”,a car,a used car,a friend,元,原,(,来,),辅,辅,(,助,),原来,的气流。,(,无舌、唇、齿,颚的辅助,),有舌、唇、齿,颚的,辅助,。,熟悉语法规则,His suggestions,proved,helpful.,He thanked the seller for her presentation,seeming,satisfied with the machine.,prove,seem,表“是”“系”,(,所有联系动词都是,be,动词的具体化。,),系动词,3.,总结归纳,Time permitting,well arrange a visit to,themuseum,.,If,time,permits,well arrange a visit to the,museum.,The watch,having,been repaired several,times,works,poorly.,The watch,which has,been repaired,severaltimes,works poorly.,谓语动词,和,连接词,是,一对好搭档,。,熟悉语法规则,I like it when,Im free and the weather is fine.,I,hate it if,people smoke while I am eating.,sb.hate/love/like/appreciate/,cant stand,it when/if,常见句型,4.,比较联系,There were,few cases where,both of them were too busy to pick the child up.,Try to find a,situation where,you can use the expression.,case/situation/condition/circumstances,/degree/point where,v.s,.,It was an,occasion when,we can express,thanks to each other.,熟悉语法规则,hardly/little/scarcely/rarely/seldom/,by no means/in no case/on no condition,/under no circumstances,等位于句首的倒装,Nowhere else were we offered,a better price.,Hardly had I arrived,home when I told him the,news.,By no means should we consider,him as stingy.,有否定含义的状语,位于句首句子主谓倒装。,v.s,.,In no time he gave us,a satisfactory answer.,33,2.,语法教学的必要性,语法知识是英语口语交际的桥梁；,语法知识是英语阅读的前提；,语法知识是英语写作的基础。,34,学生作文病句：,There are 40%students in our class do not think we should have classes at weekends.,完形填空二,(,来源于,英语学习辅导报,),句,1,：,We went from cage to cage _ we saw a little kitten in one of them.,句,2,：,_ I noticed when I played with him,however,was that I sneezed a lot,and got hives on my arms.,35,三、语法复习策略管见,1.,语法教学的困惑,两种极端：,1,）重讲授，轻运用,2,）重能力，轻基础,36,3.,语法复习策略管见,高三语法复习的误区,钻难题偏题,二轮复习以语法为主线,给学生,强调,基础的、经典的,语法、语用、句子结构并重,绝对不可以作重点复习,!,绝对没必要作系统复习！,语用,I called,Hnnah,many times yesterday evening,but,I couldnt get through.Her brother _ on the,phone all the time!【,08,湖南卷,】,A.was talking,B.has been talking,C.has talked D.talked,Please do me a favor _ my friend Mr.,Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight.,【09,湖南卷,】,A.to invite B.inviting,C.invite,D.invited,语法、语用、句子结构并重,In the listening part,_ the points made in the lecture you just heard,being sure to specifically explain how they cast doubt on points.【2010,样卷,】,A.summarizing B.summarized,C.summarize,D.to summarize,语法、语用、句子结构并重,句子结构：,Having checked the doors were closed,and _,all the lights were off,the boy opened the door to,his bedroom.【,07,湖南卷,】,A.why,B.that,C.when D.where,At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,_ in a,small apartment near Boston,and,_ what to,do about his future.【,09,湖南卷,】,A.living;wondering,B.lived;wondering,C.lived;wondered D.living;wondered,语法、语用、句子结构并重,40,语法复习策略：,1,）以阅读促语法,2,）以词汇促语法,3,）抓大放小，形式多样,4,）循序渐进，演绎归纳，举一反三,先有语感（语意），再谈语法！,41,课例一,：模块九,十一新授课文的处理：,阅读理解,中心语法,对应练习,篇章运用（完形二）,拓展运用（演讲、辩论、模拟）,课例二,：情态动词,“,should have done,”,自由扩写句子,:,This morning Tom was late for class again,(He should have got up a bit earlier.),The room looks so dirty,(You should have cleaned it,),The fish in the lake have died from the polluted water.(People should have stopped the lake from being polluted,),At the age of 29,Dave was a worker,_ in a,small apartment near Boston,and _ what to,do about his future.,A.living;wondering B.lived;wondering,C.lived;wondered,D.living;wondered,It is,every one agrees,a huge task,that the child,performs when he learns to speak,and,the fact,that he does so in so short period of time,_,explanation,.【,2010,样卷,】,A.challenges,B.challenge,C.challenging D.challenged,语法、语用、句子结构并重,43,四、原创单项选择题命制建议,确定语法考查范围；,一题一般考查一个语言点；,设置语境，突出交际运用；,避免不健康的内容、政治倾向和个人隐私；,巧设干扰项，保证答案的唯一性。,II.,课外重视兴趣,落实阅读,认真对待教材中的,reading strategy,结论：阅读策略既提供了读的策略，也提供了该类文体组织材料的方法，可以帮助学生抓住语篇特征，提高阅读的有效性。,I.,课内限时、指导,1.,培养速度能力,2.,指导学生掌握阅读技能,I.,课内限时、指导,重语速,我的解读,试卷的长度不一样，阅读量不一样，对考试结果有一定的影响，阅读量大了，思考和推敲答案的时间就少些，考生就会觉得题目难度大。在训练中，一是要保证训练的量和时间的训练，自己命制试卷时，要将阅读量控制在高考的试卷总量范围内。,1.,培养速度能力,高考阅读的胜利,=,理解能力,+,速度能力,高考阅读的胜利,=,词汇,+,语法,+,背景知识,+,阅读量,+,阅读者心理状态,理解能力,=,词汇,+,语法,+,背景知识,速度能力,=,理解能力,+,阅读量,+,阅读者的心理状态,2.,指导学生掌握阅读技能,培养学生快速看出文章主旨、体会作者态度,的能力。,培养学生快速看出文章结构的能力。,培养学生理解难句的能力,指导学生熟悉命题者常采用的,“,表达转换的,方法,”,。,1.,保证适量阅读,。,2.,适当肯定学生,。,3.,积累漂亮表达、推荐诵读文章,。,II.,课外重视兴趣,.,But not every goal will be full achieved.,Not every job will end successfully.Not,every love will last.Not every dream will,be realized.But when you fall short of your,aim,perhaps you can say,“Yes,but look at,what I found along the way!Look at the,wonderful things which have come into my,life because I tried to do something!”,II.,课外重视兴趣,（学会欣赏美文）,I.,了解高考写作要求,II.,落实,课标,、教材写作,III.,提高审题能力,IV.,规范表达、提升表达,提高写作水平,General Requirements,for NMET Writing,I.,了解高考写作要求,高考作文评分内容,(,共,6,项,),1.,完成规定的任务；,2.,内容和要点；,3.,语法结构；,4.,内容的衔接和关联词的运用；,5.,格式和语域；,6.,目标读者的交流,I.,了解高考写作要求,月考,1,写作,写作,（满分,25,）,你的好友,Mark,生病了，在家复习迎考。,以下是学校关于期末考试的通知，请根据该,通知写一份,120,字左右的,e-mail,给,Mark,告诉,他考试情况。,I.,了解高考写作要求,NOTICE,Information on the final exams,Time of the exam:,next Thursday,the last day of the,exam week,Form of the exam:,answering three of the five,questions and write articles,References(,参考资料,):,mid-term exam papers,textbooks and class notes,Distribution of the grade(,学分,):,the final exam,55%,the research work,20%,the mid-term,25%,Office of Grade Three,I.,了解高考写作要求,1.,完成规定的任务,五档（,21-25,分）,文章中心突出；整体印象良好；结构清晰；,层次分明；叙述详略得当,2.,内容和要点,五档（,21-25,分）,喜欢一个人物：人物的简介；,喜欢的理由（,1-2,）条，应有阐述）；,获得的启迪；有合理和具体的分析和推理,I.,了解高考写作要求,3.,语法结构,五档（,21-25,分）,句型结构选用恰当、丰富；偶有错误；,句型结构规范；恰当地使用高级词汇和,习惯用法；成语短语的运用。,4.,内容的衔接和关联词的运用,五档（,21-25,分）,恰当的使用关联词和关联性结构；,文章布局合理；句型多样化；首尾呼应,I.,了解高考写作要求,5.,格式和语域,五档（,21-25,分）,用辞贴切；文章格局清新；,有较好的可读性和亲切感,6.,目标读者的交流,五档（,21-25,分）,能顺利和目标读者进行交流；,文章布局整洁；字迹清晰；,标点符号运用正确,I.,了解高考写作要求,1.,完成规定的任务,2.,内容和要点,3.,语法结构,4.,内容的衔接和,关联词的运用,5.,格式和语域,6.,目标读者的交流,内容完整,详略得当,尊重读者,语法严谨,逻辑清晰,语言丰富,篇章,语言,I.,了解高考写作要求,The final exams will take place next Thursday.,It is the last day of the exam week.The form of,the exam is answering three of the five questions,and writing articles.You may use mid-term,exam papers,text books and class notes as,references.55%of the grade is the final exam.,20%of the grade is the research work.25%of,the exam is the mid-term exam.,有：内容完整 详略得当 语法严谨,缺：尊重读者 逻辑清晰 语言丰富,I.,了解高考写作要求,The final exams will take place next Thursday.,It is the last day of the exam week.,The final exams are,upon us,arriving,on,Thursday,which,is also the last day of the,exam week.,语言丰富,I.,了解高考写作要求,The form of the exam is answering three of the,five questions and writing articles.,What,is different about the exam is that it,consists of,only two parts,that is,answering,three of the five questions and write articles.,语言丰富,I.,了解高考写作要求,55%of the grade is the final exam.20%of the,grade is the research work.25%of the grade is,the mid-term exam.,The,exam is supposed,to,be,taken seriously,because,it,accounts for,55%of our grade,while,the research work and mid-term exam,makes,up,20%and 25%,respectively,.,语言丰富，逻辑清晰,I.,了解高考写作要求,Please feel free to contact if you are still not,clear about it.,Hope you will recover soon and also get a,satisfactory mark in the exam.,尊重读者（富有情感）,I.,了解高考写作要求,Its a pity that you cant go over your lessons with us.The final exams,are upon us,arriving,on Thursday,which,is also the last day of the exam week,.What,is different about the exam is that it,consists of,only two parts,that is,answering three of the five questions and writing articles.Only by going over our mid-term exam papers,textbooks and class notes,are we expected,to have a good result.The,exam is supposed to,be,taken seriously,because it,accounts for,55%of our grade,while,the research work and mid-term exam,take up,20%and 25%respectively.Please,feel free to contact,if you are still not clear about it.,Hope you will recover soon and also get a satisfactory,mark in the exam,.,(132 words),I.,了解高考写作要求,II.,落实,课标,、教材写作,提高写作水平,III.,提高审题能力,假设你是某中学新老师李红，请给你的朋友,张华写一封信，告诉他你第一天上课的情况，主,要内容如下：,1.,描述一件课堂上令你印象深刻的事情；,2.,介绍你处理该事的方式；,3.,谈谈你的感想。,注意：,1.,词数不少于,120,个；,2.,可适当发挥想象，增加细节，以使行文连贯；,3.,文中不得出现与本人及学校相关的任何真实,信息。,提高写作水平,描述了上课情况，但没有具体到某一件事情，,行文完整，最多给,20,分；,描述的事情与课堂无关，但发生在学校，且,行文完整，最多给,12,分；,描述的事情与学校无关，不给分；,以学生身份表达，但行文完整，最多给,15,分；,考生在作文中，主体人物身份发生变化,(,如,人物变化混乱,),应扣,3,分，如使用第三人称但,行文完整最多,15,分；,语言错误在各信息点中酌情扣分，在不影响,表达的情况下，整篇语法错误扣分不超过,8,分。,扣分标准：,III.,提高审题能力,在阅卷发现的审题方面的问题：,1.,以学生身份表达。,（最多,15,分）,2.,主体人物身份发生变化。,（扣三分）,3.,选取事例不具体。,（最多,20,分）,III.,提高审题能力,“坚持重语篇、重语速、重能力，体现对,考生文化意识、情感态度等人文素养的考,查，使学生能够展示个性和思维的多样性,与开放性”。,2010,年普通高等学校招生全国统一,考试湖南卷考试说明,“,命题指导思想”,III.,提高审题能力,2010,考纲样卷作文：,假如你是张华，你所在的学校将建,一个学生活动中心，请给校长写一封信，,建议可在该中心举行的两种活动。,注意：,1.,词数：不少于,120,；,2.,文中不能出现真实姓名和学校的名称。,III.,提高审题能力,73,回归教材，重视单元话题,Module1 Unit1 Project Starting a new school club,认真对待教材中的语言素材和话题材料。,结论：好的素材，可以从教材中信手拈来；慧眼挖掘，可以省时高效地提高学生的各项能力。名言佳句尽在书中，利用有效，可以让学生妙笔生花！,2010,湖南卷作文,Section C(25 marks),Directions:Write an English composition according to the instructions given below,in Chinese.,假设你和几位同学成立了一个英语俱乐部，开展了为期两个月的活动。现在，你将代表俱乐部在课堂上进行经验交流，请写一篇英语发言稿，主要内容如下：,1,简要描述俱乐部开展的一项与英语有关的主要活动：,2,谈谈你们开展该活动的收获。,注意：,1,词数不少于,120,个；,2,不能使用真实姓名和学校名称。,1.,内容要点可用不同方式表达。,2.,所做发挥应紧扣主题。,3.,对于进入第五档的作文，建议评分时对,要点完整、用词简单、句式单调但没有,错误的文章最高分不超过,21,分。鼓励对,虽然有少许错误但尝试使用较复杂结构,或较高级词汇的作文适当加分。其他档,次参照执行。,说 明,规范表达、提升表达,1.,针对写作基础不好的学生，采用句子翻译的形,式，对学生运用五种基本句型来表达进行训练。,2.,针对学生写作方面的常见错误，对学生进行表,达一致性方面的训练,(,主谓一致，时态一致，,指代一致，单复数方面的一致等,),。,3.,帮助学生收集整理某些形式的作文题中的常用,套语，如图表作文，讨论型作文等。,4.,为学生归纳出表示不同逻辑关系的,linking,words.,规范表达、提升表达,5.,对学生进行,(,词、词组、句子,),表达多样化,的训练。,6.,对学生进行运用复合句、复杂句方面的,训练。,7.,对学生进行语域方面的训练。,8.,对学生进行文章布局方面的训练。,9.,规范卷面。,规范表达、提升表达,How,can we make what we write sound more,polite?,对学生进行语域方面的训练（例）。,if could,It will be very nice of you,if,you,could,arrange a coach to take us to Scotland,and back to school.,2.I wonder;,I was wondering,I was wondering,if you could have us,taken to Scotland and back to school,in a coach.,希望能够派车接送,对学生进行语域方面的训练（例）。,3.appreciate,It will be greatly,appreciated,if you,could have us taken to Scotland and,back to school in a coach.,希望能够派车接送,对学生进行语域方面的训练（例）。,4.possible,If,it is,possible,we hope we could be,taken to Scotland and back to school,in a coach.,Is it,possible,that we are taken to,Scotland and back to school in a,coach?,希望能够派车接送,对学生进行语域方面的训练（例）。,5.Would you mind?,Would you mind having,us taken to,Scotland and back to school in a coach?,希望能够派车接送,6.wish thatcould/would,We,wish,we,could,be taken to Scotland,and back to school in a coach.,7.,对学生进行语域方面的训练（例）。,规范卷面,84,新东方老师的名言：,A good teacher explains.,A better teacher illustrates.,A best teacher inspires.,85,Thanks for listening,!,