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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,语法专项提升,定语从句,关系代词,that,与,which,的用法区别,(1),关系代词指代物，而引导词只用,which,不用,that,的情况：,关系代词指物，作介词宾语的时候：,This is the question about which they have had so much discussion in the past few weeks.,这是他们在过去几周讨论了多次的问题。,关系代词指前面的整个句子，引导非限制性定语从句时：,He failed in the exam,，,which made his father angry.,他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。,(2)that,和,which,都指物时，在下列四种情况下只能用,that,而不能用,which,：,当先行词是,all,，,everything,，,something,，,nothing,，,anything,，,much,，,little,，,few,等不定代词时。,There was little that I could do for you.,我不能为你做什么。,That is all that I want to say.,那就是我想要说的。,当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时。,The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.,在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。,This is the best film that I have ever seen.,这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。,当先行词被,the very,，,the only,，,the just,等修饰时。,This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.,这正是我要买的词典。,Mr,Smith is the only foreigner that he knows.,史密斯先生是他唯一认识的外国人。,当人和物同时作先行词时。,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,你知道他们正在谈论的人和事吗？,当主句的主语是疑问词,who,或,which,时。,Which is the bike that you lost,？哪一辆是你丢失的自行车？,Who is the boy that won the gold medal,？获金牌的小男孩是谁？,介词关系代词,(1),介词关系代词中介词的宾语只能是,which,或,whom,。,The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.,你昨天告诉我的那位绅士证实是小偷。,In the dark street,，,there wasn,t single person to whom she could turn for help.,在漆黑的大街上没有一个人能为她提供帮助。,(2),当复合介词短语,which,引导定语从句时，这种定语从句常与先行词用逗号隔开，从句用倒装语序。,He lived in a big house,，,in front of which stood a big tall tree.,他住在一所大房子里，房前有一棵大树。,(3),介词,which/who,不定式结构。,The poor man has no house in which to live.,那个可怜的人没有房子住。,(4)of,which/whom,表示所属关系。,(,表所属关系也可用,whose),Recently I bought an ancient vase,，,the price of which(,whose price)was very reasonable.,最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。,关系代词,as,引导的定语从句,关系代词,as,既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句，,as,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。,引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：,其中关系代词,as,在从句中担当主语、宾语或表语。,We have found such materials as are used in their factory.,我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。,(as,作主语,),These houses are sold at such a low price as people,expected.(as,作宾语,),这些房子以人们期望的低价出售。,He is not the same man as he was.,他和过去不同了。,(as,作表语,),注意：,(1)such.as.(,定语从句,),像,那样,such.that.(,状语从句,),如此,以至于,This is such an easy question as I can answer.,(,定语从句,),这是一个我能回答的简单问题。,This is such an easy question that I can answer it.,(,状语从句,),这是个简单的问题，我能回答。,(2)the same.as.,表示相似的东西,the same.that.,表示同一人或物,This is the same knife as I lost.,这把小刀和我丢的那把一样。,This is the same knife that I lost.,这把小刀就是我丢的那一把。,关系代词,as,，,which,的区别,(1)as,引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而,which,引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。相同的是两者都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。,The weather turned out to be very good,，,which was more than we could expect.,(2),当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时，只能用,as,。,As is known to everybody,，,the moon travels round the earth once every month.,The moon travels round the earth once every month,，,as/which is known to everybody.,It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,后两句属名词性从句范畴。,(3)as,意为,“,正如,”,，后面的谓语动词多是,see,，,know,，,expect,，,say,，,mention,，,report,，,announce,等；,which,意为,“,这一点,”,。,As is known to all,，,Edison invented the telephone.,Edison invented the telephone,，,as is known to all.,使用定语从句应注意的几个问题,(1),当先行词是,way,，意为,“,方式，方法,”,，在从句中作状语，则引导定语从句的关系词有以下三种：,我不喜欢他说话的方式。,(2),注意区别先行词和引导词。,Is this,名词,the one,that,从句,Is this the,名词,that,从句,(3),当先行词是表示时间的名词时，应注意引导词在定语从句中的成分。,Do you still remember the days that/which we spent in Qingdao,？你还记得我们一起在青岛度过的日子吗？,Do you still remember the days when we spent the summer holidays in Qingdao?,你还记得我们在青岛过暑假的日子吗？,(4),当先行词为,case,，,point,，,position,，,situation,等词且关系词在从句中作状语时，常用,where,引导定语从句。,They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.,他们已经到了必须彼此分手的地步。,定语从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,当引导定语从句的关系代词在从句中作主语时，那么定语从句中的谓语动词的数的形式应与先行词保持一致。,(1)one of,复数名词关系代词复数动词,He is one of the students who pass the exam.,(2)the only one of,复数名词关系代词单数动词,He is the only one of the students who passes the exam.,他是唯一通过考试的学生。,(3),其他情况,I,，,who am your teacher,，,will try my best to help you.,我，你的老师，将尽力帮你。,Have you heard of the persons and things that are being talked about,？你听说过正在被谈论的这些人和事吗？,1,(2009,年福建卷,)It,s helpful to put children in a,situation_they,can see themselves differently.,A,that B,when,C,which D,where,【,解析,】,句意为：把孩子放在一个能使他们从另外一个角度认识自己的环境中对他们有益。本题考查定语从句，先行词是,situation,，代入定语从句后为：,They can see themselves differently,in,_,the,_,situation,.,由此可见，先行词在定语从句中作状语，故用关系副词；而,when,表,“,时间,”,，不合本题要求，只有,where,符合本题要求。,【,答案,】,D,2,(2009,年山东卷,)Whenever I met her,，,_was fairly often,，,she greeted me with a sweet smile.,A,who B,which,C,when D,that,【,解析,】,此处考查,which,引导非限制性定语从句。句意为：无论何时我遇见她，她都会一如既往地向我微笑。,【,答案,】,B,3,(2009,年江西卷,)The house I grew,up_has,been taken down and replaced by an office building.,A,in it B,in,C,in that D,in which,【,解析,】,分析句子结构可知,house,后面有一个限制性定语从句，而且定语从句的引导词已经省略，那么该引导词一定在定语从句中作宾语，所以此空中要填介词,in,，且其后不能再有宾语。,【,答案,】,B,4,(2009,年陕西卷,)Gun control is a,subject_Americans,have argued for a long time.,A,of which B,with which,C,about which D,into which,【,解析,】,句意为：枪支的控制是在美国争论了很长时间的一个话题。此题考查,“,介词关系代词,”,引导的定语从句。先行词为,subject,，带入定语从句后为：,Americans have argued about the subject for a long time.,由此可知，先行词在定语从句中作,about,的宾语，介词,about,提前，故用关系代词,which,。,【,答案,】,C,5,(2009,年天津卷,)A,person_e,mail,account is full won,t be able to send or receive any e,mails.,A,who B,whom,C,whose D,whoever,【,解析,】,句意为：一个人的电子邮件账户满了，就不能收发任何邮件了。此题考查定语从句。先行词为,a person,，代入定语从句后为：,whose e,mail account is full.,由此可见，,whose,在定语从句中作定语，是形容词性的，修饰名词。,who,作主语；,whom,作宾语；,whoever,连接代词，,“,无论谁,”,，用来引导名词性从句或状语从句。,【,答案,】,C,6,(2009,年全国卷,)She brought with her three friends,，,none,of_I,had ever met before.,A,them B,who,C,whom D,these,【,解析,】,句意为：她带了,3,个朋友过来，没有一个是我曾经见过的。此题考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是,her three friends,，代入定语从句后为：,I had ever met none of her three friends.,而介词后指人时用关系代词,whom,。,【,答案,】,C,7,(2009,年全国卷,)My friend showed me round the town,，,_was very kind of him.,A,which B,that,C,where D,it,【,解析,】,句意为：我的朋友真不错，他带我绕城转了一圈。本题,was,缺少主语，排除,where,；,it,不能引导定语从句，排除,it,；,that,不引导非限制性定语从句，排除,that,。,【,答案,】,A,8,(2009,年浙江卷,)I have reached a point in my,life_I,am supposed to make decisions of my own.,A,which B,where,C,how D,why,【,解析,】,句意为：我已经到了应该自己作决定的那个人生阶段。,where,引导定语从句修饰先行词,point,。,【,答案,】,B,9,(2009,年辽宁卷,)They,ve won their last three matches,，,_I find a bit surprising actually.,A,that B,when,C,what D,which,【,解析,】,句意为：他们已经赢得了最后三场比赛，我发现这确实有点令人惊讶。考查定语从句。先行词是前面整个句子，,which,引导非限制性定语从句，并在定语从句中作,find,的宾语。,【,答案,】,D,10,(2009,年江苏卷,)Because of the financial crisis,，,days are,gone_local,5,star hotels charged 6,000,yuan,for one night.,A,if B,when,C,which D,since,【,解析,】,句意为：由于经济危机，在当地五星级酒店住一个晚上就要,6 000,元的日子一去不复返了。,when local 5,star hotels charged 6,000,yuan,for one night,作,days,的定语，关系副词,when,在定语从句中作时间状语。,【,答案,】,B,1,(2010,年皖南八校第二次联考,)Many youth went to the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum on Nov.16,2009,，,_US President Barack Obama delivered a speech during his,four,day,state visit.,A,which B,in that,C,where D,that,【,解析,】,考查定语从句的用法。,where,引导的定语从句修饰先行词,the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum,。,【,答案,】,C,2,(2010,年福建四地六校第三次联考,),“,You,ll have to wait for two hours,，,_is,，,about 1130,，,_the medical report will come out,，,”,the doctor said to me.,A,that,；,when B,which,；,that,C,that,；,before D,which,；,when,【,解析,】,考查插入语和定语从句的用法。,that is,是插入语，意思是,“,也就是,”,；,when,引导的是定语从句，修饰前面的时间,1130,。,【,答案,】,A,3,(2010,年福建四地六校第三次联考,)I don,t like the,way_he,often uses to speak to me.,A,in which B,how,C,which D,what,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。,which,引导定语从句，修饰先行词,way,，而且,which,在从句中作,uses,的宾语。,【,答案,】,C,4,(2009,年南京检测,)John,，,_money is no problem,，,still leads a simple life.,A,for whose B,of whose,C,of whom D,for whom,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成,“,Money is no problem for John,”,，这样便不难看出用介词,for,关系代词,whom(,指代,John),来引导定语从句。,【,答案,】,D,5,(2009,年南京检测,)Nowadays,，,when people talk about magicians,，,the first,one_comes,into their mind is Liu,Qian,.,A,whom B,which,C,that D,what,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。根据语境可知，空缺处应填一个关系代词且该关系代词在定语从句中充当主语且指人，先行词前有,the first,修饰，所以选,that,。,【,答案,】,C,6,(2009,年苏州模拟,)He didn,t put the,things_they,belonged,，,for_he,got his punishment.,A,which,；,that B,what,；,this,C,that,；,whose D,where,；,which,【,解析,】,考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用,where,引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用,which,指代前面整个句子的意思，这是,which,的典型用法。,【,答案,】,D,7,(2009,年浙江嘉兴二模,)All the neighbors admire this family,，,_the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.,A,why B,where,C,which D,that,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。,where,在此处相当于,in which,，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为,this family,。,【,答案,】,B,8,(2009,年南通调研,)Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can,t be the only preparation for all of the,situations_appear,in the working world.,A,where B,when,C,that D,what,【,解析,】,本题考查定语从句。句意为：找到工作的年轻人也许会意识到大学的功课不足以应对工作中的所有情况。先行词是,the situation,，代入定语从句后为：,The situations appear in the working world,。,【,答案,】,C,9,(2009,年皖南八校联考,)This term the students in our province are studying a new course called Life Guidance,，,_covers possible real life issues.,A,whose B,which,C,that D,what,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。,which,在句中引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词,Life Guidance,。,cover,覆盖，涉及。,【,答案,】,B,10,(2009,年青岛二模,),All_is,a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.,A,what is needed B,for our needs,C,the thing needed D,that is needed,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。句意为：现在所需要的是基本生活必需品的不断的供应。在该句中，主语部分含有一个定语从句，先行词是,all,，在主句中作主语，因此要用关系代词,that,。,all that is needed,what is needed,。,【,答案,】,D,11,(2009,年日照二模,)As to the unemployment,，,the government has taken a series of measures in many areas,，,_,，,I am sure,，,will benefit the people out of work.,A,which B,that,C,what D,where,【,解析,】,考查非限制性定语从句。,which,引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，,I am sure,为插入语。,【,答案,】,A,12,(2009,年淄博检测,)The days are gone_we studied together at college,，,but I can still remember your lovely voice.,A,which B,in which,C,that D,when,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。,when,引导定语从句，修饰先行词,the days,，在定语从句中充当状语。,【,答案,】,D,13,(2009,年浙江十二校联考,)_is often the case with elder people,，,my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least 50 minutes nonstop.,A,That B,Which,C,As D,It,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。,as,此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代后面的内容。,as,意为,“,正如,”,。,【,答案,】,C,14,(2009,年潍坊检测,)Safety in school has been of great concern because of frequent reports about accidents_students got injured or killed while in school.,A,in which B,for which,C,which D,when,【,解析,】,该题考查从句。该句中的,which,是引导词，引导定语从句修饰先行词,accidents,。句意为,“,由于学生在学校受伤或死亡的不断报道，学校安全成为一个重要问题,”,。,【,答案,】,A,15,(2009,年南京调研,)Everyone has periods in their lives_everything seems very hard.,A,when B,where,C,which D,that,【,解析,】,考查定语从句。关系副词,when,指代先行词,periods,，且在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于,during which,。,【,答案,】,A,
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