初中英语语法—数词.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初中英语语法,数词,概念,数词,就是表示,事物的数量和顺序,的词，分基数词和序数词两种。,表示,数目或数量多少,的词叫,基数词,，,如：,one,，,ten,fifteen,等；,表示数目,顺序,的词叫,序数词,，,如,：,fifth,second,twelfth,等。,。,一、基数词,:,1.,基数词的形式：,A,从,110,：,one,，,two,，,three,，,four,，,five,，,six,，,seven,，,eight,，,nine,，,ten,B,从,1119,：,eleven,，,twelve,，,thirteen,，,fourteen,，,fifteen,，,sixteen,，,seventeen,，,eighteen,，,nineteen,注意,：,这里除,eleven,，,twelve,，,thirteen,，,fifteen,，,eighteen,为特殊形式,外，,fourteen,，,sixteen,，,seventeen,，,nineteen,都是由其个位数形式,后添加后缀,-teen,构成。,C,从,2199,：,整数几十中除,twenty,，,thirty,forty,，,fifty,，,eighty,为特殊形式,外，,sixty,，,seventy,，,ninety,都是其个位数形式后添加后缀,-,ty,构,成。表示几十几时，在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符,“,-”,。例如：,21 twenty-one,76 seventy-six,注意,：,forty,的拼写。,D,百位数：,基数词,101,999,，先说“几百”，再加“,and”,，再加末两位数。,101 a hundred and one,320 three hundred and twenty,648 six hundred and forty-eight,注意,：,在几十和个位基数词形式之间添加连字符,“,-,”,。,29,431,500,7,6,thousand,hundred,million,billion,and,6)1,，,000,以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为,thousand,million,billion,，,注意：,这几个词不能用复数形式，后也不能加,and,。,E,千位数以上：,1000,以上数目,从右向左每三位用“，”分开,分别读为,thousand,million,billion,。,例如：,5,237,166,2 34,读作,：,2,648,16,250,064,billion,million,thousand,hundred,and,five billion,，,two hundred and thirty-seven million,，,one,hundred and sixty-six thousand,，,two hundred and thirty-four,two thousand,six hundred and forty-eight,sixteen million,two hundred and fifty thousand,sixty-four,2,基数词用法：,、,表示具体数目,hundred,thousand,million,不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数。即,hundreds of(,数百,),thousands of(,数千,),millions of(,数百万,)+,名词复数,可以用,many/several,修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。,1)Our country has a population of,1,300 million,people.,2)There are,three thousand,students in our school.,3)After the war,thousands of,people became homeless.,4),Several/Many thousands of,trees must be planted every year.,注意：,several thousands of,trees,=,several thousand,trees,即学即用：,Many_ trees must be planted every year.,A.thousands of B.million of C.hundred of D.hundreds,four thousand of the students(,学生中的四千人,),four thousand students(,四千学生,),注意,、,“几十”的复数形式可以表示：,几十多岁,-“,in+ones+,整十的数词复数,”,年 代,-“,in+the+,整十的数词复数,”,My parents are,in their forties,.,It was,in the 1960s/in the 1960s,In the nineties,most people go to work by bike.,、,基数词表示编码：,Room 207,207,房,Class 2,，,Grade 9,九年级二班,Page Five=the fifth page,第五页,Lesson One=the first lesson,第一课,Bus No.3=the No.3 bus,3,号汽车,No.1 Middle School,第一中学,注意,：,用此种方法表示时，首字母需大写，不加冠词。,twenties,，,thirties,，,forties,，,fifties,，,sixties,，,seventies,，,eighties,，,nineties,即学即用：,1.In his _(fifty),he started to learn English.,2.The city changed a lot _.,A.in 1980s B.in the 1980s C.in the 1980,3.He graduated in _ of _ century.,A.the sixtieth;twenty B.sixty;the twentieth,C.the sixties;the twentieth,4.He got the prize _.A.in his fifties B.in fifties C.in his fifty,5.The winner is _.He is an _ boy.,A.eight-year-old;eight years old,B.eight years old;eight-year-old,C.eight-years old;eight-year-old,6.He came to China _.,A.at the age of 20 B.when he is 20 C.at age of 20,B,fifties,C,A,B,A,即学即用：,1),How far is your uncles home from here?Its about two_ drive.,A.hours,B.hours C.hours,D.hour,2),Dont talk to Simon like that.He is only an _ boy.,A.eleven year old,B.eleven years old,C.eleven year old,D.eleven years old,C,A,、,“,基数词,+,名词”的合成形容词作定语。,Kate is,an eighteen year old,girl.,凯特是个,18,岁的女孩。,eighteen,的读音以元音开头，故其前要用不定冠词,an,。,注意：,这种合成形容词的结构为：“数词单数名词形容词”。复合形容词中，词与词之间要加连字符“,”,。,a,seven-day,holiday=a,seven days,holiday,have a,two-week,holiday,=,have a,two weeks,holiday,有两周的休假,ask for a,three-day,leave,=,ask for a,three days,leave,请三天假,、,表示时刻,（,注意：,表示在几点钟用介词,at,）,1),顺读法,-,先时后分,“,几点几分”,9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one,3)15,分钟：,a quarter,30,分钟：,a half,9:15,a quarter past nine,12:30,half past twelve,2),逆读法,-,先分后时,表示“几点过几分”，半小时以内，介词用,past,，,分钟数,+past+,钟点数。,10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight,表示“几点差几分”，半小时以上，介词用,to,，,60,减原分钟,+to+(,下一个,),钟点数。,9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight,、,表计量：“基数词,+,度量单位,+,形容词”,The classroom is,7 meters long,6 meters wide and,3 meters high,.,Its already 7:40 now.When will the film start?,_.We still have five minutes.,A.A quarter to seven B.Seven past forty-five,C.A quarter to eight,5:15,6:45,a quarter,分钟逢,15,即 一刻钟,4:40,（,60-,分钟）,+to+,（小时,+1,）,30,分钟,7:50,按顺序读基数词,简化法,3:30,half+past+,小时,=30,分钟,2:10,分钟,+past+,小时,30,分钟,1:00,基数词（,+oclock),整点,读法,例,表示法,时间类型,one oclock,ten past two,half past three,twenty to five,a quarter past five,a quarter to seven,seven fifty,我看我行：,.,月、日、年：在,2008,年,10,月,1,日,、,年、月、日的表示法：,on,Octorber,the,first,two thousand,and,eight,日,the+,序数词,月,（首字母大写）,月日与年之间用,，,分开,年,（两位两位读）,on,August the ninth,in,May,two thousand and ten,注意：,有日用,on,无日用,in,on,Oct.1,st,2008,.,月、日：在,8,月,9,日,.,月、年：在,2010,年,5,月,写法：,读法：,读法：,1.The accident happened on_.,A.April 5,2001,B.2001,April 5,C.April 2001,5,2.I was born _.,A.in March 8,1993,B.on July 9,1994,C.on May,1995,即学即用：,一个半小时,两个半小时,two and a half hours=two hours and a half,one and a half hours=one hour and a half,、,“半”的表示法,:,1.The boy always stays there for _.,A.one and half hour,B.one and a half hour,C.one and a half hours,2.The old man drank_ beer.,A.two bottles and a half,B.two and a half bottle,C.two bottle and a half,“一两天”“的表示法：,one day or two,one or two days,注意：,“三年半”,three years and a half,three and a half years,再例如：,“一倍”,once,“两倍”,twice,，,“三倍”,three time,s,(,三倍或以上 基数词,times),、,倍数的表示法：,This box is,five,time,s,as,big,as,that one.,=This box is,four,time,s,big,ger,than,that one.,A+be+,倍数,+as+adj.,原形,+as+B.,A,是,B,的,倍,A,+be+,倍数,+adj.,比,+than+,B,.,A,比,B ,倍,即学即用：,1.This building is _ that building.,A.three time as tall as B.twice taller than,C.three times as taller as,2.,我的箱子比你的重六倍,!,My box is _,_,_ yours.,six times heavier than,seven times as heavy as,、,电话号码的读法为顺次读出一个个数字，“,0”,读作“,o”,或“,zero”,。数字连续重现时可用“,double,(,双,)”,。,62884405,读作,six two eight eight four four o(,或,zero)five,或,six two double eight double four o(,或,zero)five,。,、,another,more,修饰数词的用法：,.another,表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时，用“,another,+,具体数字,+,名词,”,结构。例如：,The strike may last another three days,罢工可能还要持续三天。,Have you finished your report yet,？,No,，,I will finish it in,10 minutes,A,another B,Other C,more D,less,.more,表“另外的、额外的、附加的”时，用“具体数字,+more+,名词,”,结构。,二、序数词,表示顺序的数词称为序数词。序数词一般以与之相应的基数词加词尾,th,构成；多个单词时，仅最后一个变为序数词。序数词前一般需加“,the”,。,1,“基数词”变“序数词”的口诀：,基变序，有规律，,一、二、三特殊记，,first,，,second,，,third,，,从四开始加,th,，八去,t,，九去,e,加,th,，,五、十二变,ve,为,f,加,th,，,整十后变,y,为,ie,加,th,，若想表示几十几，只变个位就可以。,基数词 序数词 数字写法,one first 1st,two second 2nd,three third 3rd,five fifth 5th,eight eighth 8th,nine ninth 9th,twelve twelfth 12th,twenty twentieth 20th,twenty-one twenty-first 21st,twenty-two twenty-second 22nd,twenty-three twenty-third 23rd,twenty-four twenty-fourth 24th,2,序数词的用法：,.,序数词作定语，前面要加,the,。,The,first,truck is carrying a food basket,John lives on,the,fifteenth,floor,She is,my first,English teacher.,（注意：名词前若有名词所有格或名词性物主代词不用,the,）,.,有时“,a/an+,序数词,+,名词”，表示“再一”，“又一”的意思。,Well have to do it,a second time,Shall I ask him,a third time,？,注意：,more,和,another,都有,再；又,之意。区别如下：,.“,基数词,more,名词”。如：,The boy had two more apples/two apples more.,句型可变为：“,some/a few/a little/many/much,等,more,名词”。如：,Would you like some more tea?,.“another,基数词名词”。如：,He wrote another two letters/two more letters to her.,三、分数、百分数,1,分数的表达与读法：,先读分子，再读分母。,分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于,1,时，分母加,-s,。,分子为,one,时可换用“,a”,。,Two thirds of the students,are,girls in our class.,在我们班，三分之二的学生是女孩。,2,1/2,读作“,a(one)half,”(,而不是,a second“,一秒钟”,),；,1/4,既可读作“,a(one)quarter,”,，又可读作“,a(one)fourth”,。,Three quarters,of the worlds books and newspapers,are written,in English.,世界上,3/4,的书和报纸是用英语写的。,1,5,分子 基数词,分母 序数词,one fifth,2,7,分子,1,分母,+s,two sevenths,1,4,分子,a,分母,quarter,a quarter,3,4,three quarters,1,2,a half,1,3,three and one third,3,基数词,+and+,分数,分数读法练习：,3,.,百,分数的表达与读法：,先读基数词，再读百分号“,%”(,读作,percent),。,5%,读作,five percent 0,5%,读作,zero point five percent,80%,读作,eighty percent,200%,读作,two hundred percent,half,/,(,百,),分数,+of+,可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数,half,/,(,百,),分数,+of+,不可数名词，谓语动词用单数,但是：,half,/,(,百,),分数,+of+population,谓语动词用复数,注意：,1._ of the students _ boys in Class,A.Two three;are B.Two thirds;are,C.Two thirds;is,2._ of her money _ spent on clothes.,A.Two three;are B.Two thirds;is,C.Two third;is,3._ the teachers in our school is about one hundred,and _ of them are women teachers.,A.The number of;two third,B.The number of;two thirds,C.A number of;two thirds,4.There are forty eight students in our class.And _ of us are girls.,So,you have sixteen boys.,A.one third,B.two thirds C.two third,D.one fourth,即学即用：,四、其他数的表达：,1,小数的读法：小数点前的基数词与前面所讲的基数词读法完全相同，小数点读作“,point,”,，小数点后只需将数字一一读出。,15,67,读作,fifteen,point,_,six,_,seven,0,009,读作,zero point zero,zero,nine,或,nought,point,nought,nought,nine,2,年代的读法为两位、两位地读。整百的后读,hundred,，整千的后读,thousand,，前常加“,the year”,。,1937,读作,nineteen,thirtyseven,或：,nineteen hundred and,thirtyseven,1900,年读作,nineteen hundred,1905,年读作,nineteen and(,或,o)five,或：,nineteen hundred and five 2000,年读作,the year two thousand,3,一些数学公式的读法：“加”用,plus/and,，“减”用,minus,，“乘”用,times,，“除”用,divided by,，动词多用单数，如：,3,5,8,读作：,Three plus/and five is eight.,9,2,7,读作：,Nine minus two is seven.,65,30,读作：,Five times six is thirty.,84,2,读作：,Eight divided by four is two.,中考典型例题解析,数词考点训练,.,单项填空,1.The old man began to learn to drive a car at the age of_,A,Sixty B,the sixtieth C,sixty years old D,sixties,2.Whats the time,please?Its _.,A,nine,thirtyfive,B,forty eight past six,C,fifty five to four,D,thirty one two,3.Can you write the number“,eightyfive,thousand,six hundred and,twentysix,”?,Yes,it is _.,A,856620,B,85626 C,58662,D,58626,4.My good friend,Zhangying,studies at _ Middle School.,A,16,B,the 16 C,16th No.,D,No.16,5.There are _ days in a year.,A,three hundreds,sixtyfive,B,three hundred and sixty five,C,the third hundred,sixtyfive,D,third hundred and sixty five,6.Henry is _ tallest in their class.,A,Three B,the three C,third,D,the third,7.About _ of the students in our class are League members.,A,fourfifth,B,four fifth C,fourfives,D,four fifths,8.How many workers are there in your factory?,There are two _.,A,hundreds,B,hundred C,hundred of D,hundreds of,9.We all think that the _ century will bring us more hopes.,A,twentyfirst,B,twentiethfirst,C,twentyone,D,twentieth one,10.What do you think of a war,Li Ming?,Ive no idea.But its a fact that _ people had to leave their hometown during the War in Iraq.,A,three thousands B,thousand of,C,thousands of D,several thousands,11.Today is Dec 1.“1”can be pronounced _.,A,one,B,a first C,the one,D,the first,12.I want _of beef,please.,A,half a kilo B,half kilo C,half and kilo D,half kilos,13.The,Changjiang,River is one,of_longest,rivers,in_world,.,A,the;/,B,a;/C,the;the D,the;a,14.He began to make a living by himself_.,A,in his thirty,B,in his thirties,C,in the thirty,D,in the thirties,15.This is Mr.Whites _ visit to Beijing.He has been there twice before.,A.two B.second C.there D.third,16.The Peoples Liberation Army was founded _.,A.on August 1th,1927 B.in 1927,1 August,C.on August 1st,1927 D.in August 1,1927,17.This dining-room is _ our classroom.,A.three times as big as B.as three times big as,C.three times big as D.as big three times as,18.Our school is not very big.There are only _ students.,A.nine hundreds of B.nine hundred,C.nine hundreds D.nine hundred of,19.There was no bus in that small town.We had a _.,A.ten miles walk B.ten-mile walk,C.ten miles walk D.tenth mile walk,20.September is _ month of the year.,A.the,nineth,B.ninth C.,nineth,D.the ninth,21.There are _ seasons in a year in our country.,A.two B.four C.second D.fourth,22.I have a nephew,he is _.,A.three years old B.three-year-old,C.three D.three-years-old,23.We believe the _ century will bring us more hopes.,A.twentieth-first B.twentieth-one,C.twenty-one D.twenty-first,24.At the age of _,Jack had his own company.,A.thirty B.thirtieth,C.the thirtieth D.the thirty,25.There are _ people in my family.,We live on the _ floor in a tall building.,A.fifth,six B.fifth,sixth,C.five,sixth D.five,six,.,用适当的词填空,(,每空一词,),1.There are _ days in a week.,2.Spring is _ _season of the year.,3.One and two is_.,4.There are _ months in a year.,5.March is the _month of the year.,6.New Years Day is on January_.,7.Monday is the _day of the week.,8.Beijing Olympic Games is the _Olympics.,9.One _ years is a century.,10.Tomorrow is the ninth.So today is the _.,seven,the first,three,twelve,third,1st,second,29th,hundred,eighth,