(公开课课件)-非谓语动词之分词作状语定稿2.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,一,、非谓语,动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括,不定式,、,动名词,和,分词,.,非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。,不定式（,infinitive,）,动名词（,gerund,）,现在分词（,present participle,）,分词（,participle,）,过去分词（,past participle,二、,谓语动词,:,就是指在句子中充当谓语的动词，谓语是对,主语,动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出,“,做什么,”,、,“,是什么,”,或,“,怎么样,”,。,三、,逻辑主语,：,是非谓语动词动作的执行者或承受者；它们在逻辑上存在着主谓关系或动宾关系，但不能直接作非谓语动词的主语，因此叫逻辑主语。,成分,类别,主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾补,不定式,动名词,分词,充当,除谓语动词以外,的各种句子成分,非,谓语动词时态和语态的形式,不定式,动,名词,现在分词,过去分词,一般式,to do,doing,doing,done,表被动表完成,一般被动式,to be done,being done,being done,完成式,to have done,having done,having done,完成被动式,to have been done,having been done,having been done,进行式,to be doing,一个句子,当中，,已经存在一个,主句,（谓语动词）,又没有连词,的情况下,还有别的动词出现时,。,（二）,非谓语动词使用条件,1.The plane crashed,，,_ all 200 people aboard.,A.killed B.having killed,C.killing D.had killed,2.The plane crashed,，,and it_ all 200 people aboard.,A.killed B.having killed,C.killing D.had killed,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day,she saw,a little girl running up to her.,2.She is reading a book found on the way.,3.Most of the artists invited to the party were,from South Africa.,4.Convinced of the truth of the reports,he,told his colleagues about it.,一,般来说，作,状语,的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；,作,宾补,的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；,作,定语,的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,非谓语动词作状语,Non-finite Verbs used as adverbial,分词作状语,状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句 子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。,分词作状语功能表,表示的范围,相当的状语从句,1.,时间,2.,原因,3.,条件,4.,让步,5.,方式,/,伴随,时间状语从句,原因 状 语,从句,条件 状 语,从句,让步状 语,从句,没有合适的状语,从句,一、分词做状语,1,、,现在分词的一般式（,doing,）与句中主语构成,逻辑上的主谓关系,，与句中谓语动作,同时发生或者在其后发生,。,2,、完成式（,having done,）与句中主语构成逻辑上的,主谓关系,，,先与谓语动作而发生。,3,过去分词（,done,）同动词现在分词的完成形式（,having been done,）均与句中主语构成,逻辑上的动宾关系,，且,先与谓语动词发生。,A.,现在分词作状语学与练,把划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能,1.1.,When they saw their teacher,the students stood up.,Seeing their teacher,the students stood up.,*,现在分词动作的发出者是,(,),句子主语,*现在分词短语作,(),时间状语,1.,2.,After they had finished their homework,they went home.,Having finished their homework,they,went,home.,*现在分词短语作,(,),*,Having finished their homework,表现的动作在,went home(),故用分词的,().,时间状语,之前,完成式,2.,Because he was ill,he couldnt go to school.,Being ill,he couldnt go to school.,*现在分词短语 作原因状语,3.,If you work harder at English,you will make greater progress.,Working harder at English,you will make greater progress.,*现在分词短语 作条件状语,4.Although they felt very tired,，,they kept running.,*,Feeling very tired,they kept running.,现在分词短语 作让步状语,5.The children came into the classroom,and they laughed and talked,.(,并列句,),*,The children came into the classroom,laughing and talking,.,*现在分词短语 作伴随或方式状语,*,Laughing and talking,the children came into the classroom.,*不可改成相应状语从句,把下列划线部分改写成分词短语,并说明其功能,B.,过去分词作状语学与练,1.,When she,was asked,why she did it,she began to cry.,*,Asked why she did it,she began to cry.,*,过去分词短语作时间状语,*,从句的动词用的是被动语态,*,过去分词的动作由主语承受,2.Because he,was moved,by her words,he decided to help the poor boy.,*,Moved by her words,he decided to help the poor boy.,*过去分词短语作原因状语,3.,If I,were given,one more chance,I would like to tell the girl,“I love you.”.,*,Given one,more chance,I would like to tell the girl,“I love you.”.,*过去分词短语作条件状语,4.,Although they,had,been defeated,many times,，,they continued to fight.,*,Having been,defeated,many times,they continued to fight.,=,Although,defeated many times,they continued to fight.,*过去分词短语作让步状语,*,分词作状语时，,为使状语含义更加明确，有时在过去分词,(,现在分词）前可加上适当连词,如：,while,，,when,，,once,，,if,，,unless,，,as if,，,though,*,Once used,the car will never be sold again.,(once “,一旦,”),=,Once it is used,the car will never be sold again.,*,When heated,water turns into steam.,=,When water is heated,water turns into steam.,Heated,water turns into,steam,5.The teacher stood there,and he was,surrounded by many students.,*The teacher stood there(,),surrounded by many students,=,Surrounded by many students,the teacher stood there.,*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语,二、不定式作状语,一、,不定式作目的状语,He sat down,to have a rest,.(,表目的,),I stopped the car,to take a short break as I was feeling tired.,二、不定式作结果状语,Tom took a taxi to the airport,only to find his plane high up in the sky.,他醒来发现大家都走了。（表示结果）,三、在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：,I am very glad to see you.,我非常高兴地见到你。,I am so sorry to hear your mother is ill.,听到你母亲生病真遗憾。,四，不定时作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定时多用主动形式，常见的形容词,easy,hard,difficult,interesting,heavy,pleasant,good,fit,comfortable,safe,dangerous,impossible,.,This machine is very easy,.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.【2012,辽宁卷,】,A.operating B.to be operating C.operated D.to,operat,原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式,When asked why he went there,，,he said he was sent there _ for a space flight.,A.training B.being trained,C.to have trained D.to be trained,2.,31._ warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.(2013,湖南,),A.Staying B.StayedC.To stayD.Stay,3.As the light turned green,，,I stood for a moment,，,not _,，,and asked myself what I was going to do.,moved B.moving,C.to move D.Being moved,原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词,.,现在分词作伴随状语与,to do,作目的状语的区别：,作伴随状语的现在分词与谓语动词的动作同时发生且,前面常常带一逗号,;,而作目的状语的不定式的动作要比,谓语动词的动作后发生，且前面不能用逗号。,用括号里的词的适当形式填空,1.Write to the editor,_ that the editor,would be able to help her,（,hope,）,2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped there,_ on a big rock,(rest ),3.The secretary worked late into night,_,a long speech.(prepare),4._ warm,we shut all the windows.,(keep),preparing,to rest,hoping,To keep,原则三：用作结果状语时，现在分词或不定式，其原则区别是，,一般用现在分词，表示一定逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之中。,不定式用作结果状语表示非逻辑的结果，即结果在意料之外,。,1.The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones,at the entrance,，,_ in the natural light during the day.,（,2007,天津卷）,A.to let B.letting C.let D.having let,【,解析,此处用现在分词，表示自然而然的结果。,2.Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the,year,，,_ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4.,（,2005,山东卷）,A.have reached B.reaching,C.to reach D.to be reaching,7.He hurried to the station,only _ that the train,had left.(2005,广东卷,),A.to find B.finding C.found D.to have found,【,解析,】only to do,sth,在此表示出人意料的结果。,Yesterday afternoon I rushed into a bookstore,，,_,a shelter from the rain without noticing what kind of bookstore it was.,A.only finding B.only to find C.just to find D.just finding,【,解析,】,just to do,sth,仅仅为了做某事，表示目的。,二,.,找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一,.,辨别“谓与非谓”,三,.,非谓语动词作状语解题步骤,方法总结：,谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,（一）,分析句子结构,辨别,“,谓语与非谓语,”,_many times,but he still couldnt understand it.,2,_many times,he still,couldnt understand it.,A.Having been told B.Being told,C.He had been told,D.Though,he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming.,4._ a rainy day;we decided not to,go there.,is B.to be C.being,D.It,being E.It was F.been,C,E,注意标点符号,二,、非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与,主句主语保持一致,.,12.Faced with a bill for$10,000,，,_.,（,2006,陕西卷）,A.John has taken an extra job,B.the boss has given John an extra job,C.an extra job has been taken,D.an extra job has been given to John,13.While watching television,，,_.,（,2005,全国卷,III,）,A.the door bell rang B.the doorbell rings,C.we heard the doorbell ring D.we heard the doorbell rings,【,解析,】,因为,watching,的逻辑主语一定是人，排除选项,A,和,B,；又因在,hear,后作宾补的是省略了,to,的不定式，所以选项,D,中的,rings,是错误的。,watching,faced with,(be)faced with,8.Pressed from his parents,，,and _that he has wasted too much time,the boy is determined to stop playing video games.,（,2012,福建）,A.realizingB.realized,C.to realizeD.being realized,6.Tom took a taxi to the airport,only _ his plane high up in the sky.,（,2012,四川卷）,A.finding B.to find C.being found D.to have found,1.doing,或者,being done,几乎同时发生,2.Having done,或者,having been done,先于谓语动词之前发生,时态看分词,(,即时间关系,),三,“,_ in the fields on a March,afternoon,he,could feel the warmth of spring.(2008,安徽）,A.To walk.B.Walking,C.Walked D.Having walked,5.I got to the office earlier that day,the 7:30 train from Paddington.(2013,新课标,卷,),A.caught B.to have caught,C.to catch D.having caught,4.He got up late and hurried to his office,_the breakfast untouched.(2012,天津,),A.left B.to leave,C.leaving D.having left,2._in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.(2013,安徽卷,),A.To found B.Founding,C.Founded D.Having founded,23._to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.,（,2012,重庆卷）,A.Having been asked B.To ask,C.Having asked D.To be asked,四、语态：分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是,主动,还是,被动,关系。,直接在,分词前面,加,not,8._ which university to attend,the girl asked her teacher for advice.(2013,四川,),A.Not knowing,B.Knowing not,C.Not known,D.Known not,否定的表达,五,19.There are some health problems that,when _in time,can become bigger ones later on.,（,2013,浙江）,A.not treated,B.not being treated,C.not to be treated,D.not having been treated,独立主格结构（,Independent Genitive,）,（一）：,独立主格结构的构成：名词,(,代词,)+,现在分词、过去分词；名词,(,代词,)+,形容词；名词,(,代词,)+,副词；名词,(,代词,)+,不定式；名词,(,代词,),+,介词短语构成。,（二）,独立主格结构的特点：,1,）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。,2,）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。,3,）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作,状语,，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。,Isendyou100dollars,，,therest _inayear.,(2005,湖南卷,),A Follow B followed,Ctofollow D beingfollowed,2.The party will be held in the garden,weather_,（,2012,高考全国卷）,A.permitting B.to permit,C.permitted D.permit,请你归纳：,非谓语的逻辑主语和主句主语相同时可以省略；若不同，则应有自己的主语，即用独立主格形式。,独立主格,5,1.Having not seen the film,I cant tell you what I think of it.,2.,The sun began to rise in the sky,bathed the mountain in golden light.,3.Seen from the top of the hill,we find the city more beautiful.,4.,Knocking at the door before you enter my,Not having,bathing,Seeing,knock,单句改错,Practice makes perfect!,