高三-高中英语特殊句式.doc

个 性 化 教 案学科： 高中英语课时计划： 2 课时年级： 高三课题：高中英语特殊句式学生姓名：教师姓名： 陈 莉教学目标高中英语特殊句式的掌握；教学重点理解和运用各种特殊句式。教学难点理解和运用各种特殊句式。授课类型复习总结归纳课教学过程教师活动一、复习预习通过课后练习的检查和评讲检测学生上次课的理解掌握和复习情况二、知识讲解高中英语特殊句式特殊句式包含：一、 倒装句二、 强调句三、 省略句四、 插入语五、 分隔句式六、 祈使句七、there be 句型一、倒装句倒装语序，分全部倒装和部分倒装。全部倒装是把全部谓语放在主语之前，部分倒装是把助动词、情态动词、be动词放在主语之前。全部倒装（1.2.3.4.5作为了解）1. there be 句型：可以用在这类句型中的动词除be外,还可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作这类句型的谓语。There are many students in the classroom.Long ，long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. Here/There/Nowvi.（常为e, go）主语（必须是名词）比较：Here you are ! 此句型中here/there用来唤起注意意思是“喂，注意了”。Here es Mary. I can see Mary ing.玛丽来了。There goes the bell. 铃响了。I can hear the bell ringing.Here es the bus.汽车来了。3. then引起谓语为 e，follow的句子。Then came a new difficulty. 然后产生了一个新的困难。Then followed eight years of the Anti Japanese War.接着是八年抗战。4. 直接引语中间或后面，表示某人说这意思的插入语（特别是谓语较短时）。“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他们准是下地了。”小林想道。“Help! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”如果主语不比谓语长，或是它后面有宾语，主语就仍然多放在前面。“Take your seats，gentlemen,” Wilson shouted.威尔逊嚷道：“先生们坐好。” “That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.小杨低声告诉我说：“那个人是著名的电影明星。”5. 一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，将助动词放在谓语动词前面； 无需倒装的特殊 疑问句：对主要进行提问；特殊疑问句用在宾语从句中。 Where are you from? Who helped you clean the classroom?I dont know when the meeting will be held.6. out，in，up, down，away之类的副词作状语放在句首，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词，谓语为不及物动词e， go，run , rush，etc。句式为：副词vi.主语（必须是名词）。Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎从灌木丛里冲了出来。In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透过窗户飘了进来。比较：如果主语是人称代词时，不倒装。The child walked quietly to the bird, away it flew into the forest when he was about to catch it .7. 介词短语作状语放在句首，谓语为不及物动词，主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：介词短语vi.主语（必须是名词）。In the middle of our school stands a high building.在学校中央有一座高楼。8. 表语放在句首，表语常为形容词、分词、副词、介词短语。要求主语比较长，也就是说主语不能是很短的人称代词。句式为：表语系动词主语（必须是名词）。On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道两旁有美丽的花。South of city are two big lakes.城市的两边有两个大湖。9. 在so.that从句中，如果soadj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒装。 such 、to such +名词放在句首，其主句要倒装。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他讲话声音足够大，以至于每个人都能听得见。 Such was Einstein a simple but great scientist.这就是爱因斯坦，一位简朴而又伟大的科学家 To such length did he told the story that all of us began to fell sleepy.部分倒装（高考考点）1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在句首引起的部分倒装3、 “so（nor, neither）+助动词 + 主语”与“so（nor, neither）+主语+助动词”之间的区别以及与“ so + 主语+ 助动词”的句式区别4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装1、由as、though、that、引导让步状语从句要用部分倒装或前置，主语是代词时不倒装。句式为：表语/状语/动词原形as主语其他。Clever as he is，he does nt study well.虽然他很聪明，但他学习不好。Child as he is， he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子，但他懂得不少事情。注意：表语前的名词无形容词修饰时冠词要省略Much as I like it，I wont buy it.虽然我非常喜欢它，但我不买。Try as she might, she failed.虽然她试过了，但还是失败了。=Although she try as she can, she failed .2、含有否定意义的副词、连接词放在 句首 引起的 部分倒装表示否定的副词 never，nor，neither,表示半否定意义的副词 hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的词组 by no means（决不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何时候都不），（在任何情况下都不）not until，not only.but also，no sooner.thanhardly.when/scarcely.when。倒装结构：“否定词助动词/情态动词主语其他”，注意复合句倒装的是主句。Never have I been in this city.我从没到过这座城市。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我参加了工作我才意识到我浪费了多少时间。3、“so（nor, neither）+助动词 + 主语”“so助动词/情态动词/系动词主语”表示前面叙述的情况也适合于另一个人或物，意为“也，同样，也如此”。“neither/nor助动词/情态动词/系动词主语” 表示前面叙述的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物。注意:1 当so表示对前句内容的肯定、符合，或进一步强调前面所说的情况，或者赞同前面的说法时，应用自然语序。意为 “的确，正是”。Tom works hard.汤姆工作很卖力。So he does and so do you.的确如此，你也是。2）倒装部分的助动词、情态动词、连系动词的时态和形式要与前句相一致。If you dont go，neither/nor shall I.（If you dont go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。注意：表示前面的多种情况也适合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情况或涉及到不同类型的动词时可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.她英语学得好，但数学学的差，露茜也是如此。4、省略if的虚拟条件句以had / were / should开头引起的部分倒装如果虚拟条件句的谓语含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而将这三个词放于条件句主语前构成倒装。If it hadnt been for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.Hadnt it been for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.要不是由于他们的帮助，我们不可能按时完成那项工作。1、 在not until ，hardlywhen，no soonerthan置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒装主句须部分倒装。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow他一到，天就下起雪来了。6、only 短语置于句首引起的部分倒装“only副词/ 介词短语/ 状语从句”开头的句子。Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那时我才意识到英语的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通过这种方式你学英语才会取得进步。注意：）在only状语从句主句结构中，主句用倒装结构但从句用正常语序。）only修饰主语，不倒装。Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案。7、频度副词及短语often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句首时有时也倒装。Many a time has he e to fort me.他来安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to do so.他经常告诫他们不要那样去做。8、某些表示祝愿句子也用倒状语序。May you succeed.祝你成功！Long live the munist Party of China!中国共产党万岁！二、强调句强调句是为了对一定语境下的部分内容进行突出而采用的一种修辞手段。1、陈述句的强调句型：It is/ was + 被强调部分（主、宾、状）+ that/ who（当强调主语且主语指人）+ 其它部分强调句的否定句形式为：It is / was not + 被强调部分+ that / who . 2、一般疑问句的强调句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。3、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？When and where was it that you were born?4、注意：构成强调句的it本身没有词义；强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who，即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此，that, who不可省略；强调句中的时态只用两种，一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时，用It was ，其余的时态用It is 。5、not until 句型的强调句句型为：It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.强调句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是强调句型，till, until可通用；因为句型中It is/ was not 已经是否定句了，that后面的从句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。6、It is/ was that 结构不能强调谓语，需要强调谓语时，用助动词do/ does或did。 He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时，务必（千万）要小心啊！注意：此种强调只用do/ does和did ，没有别的形式；后面的谓语动词用原形。三、省略句省略是为了使句子更简洁，同时又不影响句子意义的表达。一、功能词的省略1、冠词的省略 a) 两个并列的名词前面，第二个可以省略注意：如果省去冠词会误会为一个人则不省略。b) 家庭成员后面列举的可以省略 c) 表示独一无二的职位前，这个职业不具体指只是某个人前的冠词，比如总统，主席2、介词的省略 have difficulty / problem / trouble+（in）+ving spend （in）+ving there is no use / sense / point +（in）+ v-ing stop / prevent （from）+ v-ing be busy +（in）+ving end up +(by) +ving take turns (at ) +ving have a good / great /fun /hard / time +（in）+ving3、连词的省略：not (only)but(also); that 定语从句，等二、.句子成分的省略1.可省略主语和谓语。A word about your position.我现在谈一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say.)Though tired，he was not disheartened.他虽然累了，但没有泄气。(省略了he was.)2.可省去从句。You have done better this time.这一次你做得好些了。(省去从句than you did before)3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的谓语动词。Jack didnt pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克没有通过驾驶证考试，但他仍希望能通过。4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定与否定。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你认为周末会下雨吗？I believe not/I believe so.我想不会/我想会的。(即I dont believe its going to rain)5.根据不同语境可省略不同成分。如：only if，If only，what so ever， in case三、句子的省略1、特殊疑问句的省略。Where to?去哪里？(=Where are you going to?)What for?为什么？(例如：What do you e here for?你来这里干什么？)Why not do it?为什么不做那件事呢？(=Why dont you do it?)How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么样？2、比较从句中的省略I love classic music more than (I like)rock and roll.He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.3、在时间状语和条件状语从句中的省略While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.4、在其他状语从句中的省略I wont go there unless (I am) invited. Things have turned out just as (they were) expected. How beautiful ( it is)!5、在并列从句中的省略The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 6、命令和请求No talking！Silent, everybody!7、特定问题的回答Where have you been?(Ive been) Out.Have you been waiting long?(Ive been waiting for) About an hour.8、.简略的提问句Tom, go and water the flowers.Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?四、插入语插入语是为了使语言更具有说服力或者准确，相当于进一步补充说明。他们在结构上与基本局不发生一致、支配、附加等语法关系。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结；有时表达说话者的态度和看法；有时起强调的作用；有时是为了引起对方的注意；还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用；也可以承上启下，使句子衔接得更紧密一些。掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解，还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多，常见的如下几种：一、形容词（短语）作插入语：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all， sure enough二、副词（短语）作插入语：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather三、介词短语作插入语：in fact，in ones opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to ones surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief四、V-ing（短语）作插入语：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering五、不定式短语作插入语：to be frank， to be honest， to be sure， to tell you the truth，to make matters worse， to sum up， to start with， to begin with六、句子（陈述句和一般疑问句）：I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地说）， that is （ to say ）（也就是说）， it seems （看来是）， as I see it （照我看来）， whats more， whats worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 严重的是）， Im afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （据说）， as we all know （众所周知）插入句独立性强，一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句，它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号，而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。（ 1 ） What should I do first？ What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序，插入后成为陈述语序）（ 2 ） Who is singing？ Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序，不需要做调整）五、分隔句式1.定语从句对主谓结构的分隔The country life he was used to _ greatly since the opening policy.A. changed B. has changed C. changing D. having changed分析：句中 he was used to 为定语从句，修饰先行词即主句的主语，而不能对其后的谓语起任何作用，因此整个句子缺少谓语动词，故答案为B.2.定语从句对宾补结构的分隔。Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. repaired B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired分析：该题考查have sth. done 结构。解此题的难点在于定语从句(that which) she had had repaired 把宾语与宾补分隔开来。that which 在从句中作宾语被省略了，repaired 作宾语补足语。所以选A.3. 定语从句对宾语、定语或状语的分隔。Can you tell me the way you thought of _ the problem? A. working at B. to work out C. to work for D. working out分析：此题考查的是双层定语。即you thought of 为限制性定语从句，to work out the problem 为后置定语，这两部分都用来限制宾语the way .正确答案为B。4. 定语从句对强调句的分隔It is near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man. A. where; where B. where ; that C. that ; where D. that; that分析：该题考查的是含定语从句的强调结构。where there is bomb 是定语从句，故正确的答案为B。5. 定语从句对独立结构的分隔。With everything she needed _ , she went home happily .to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy分析：该题考查with复合结构的用法，其中定语从句(that) she needed 的使用极容易造成错选。正确答案为C。六、祈使句 高考考点： （一）. 祈使句的反意疑问句1. 祈使句为肯定句式，其反意疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you；表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信，好吗？e to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭，好吗？2. 祈使句为否定句式，其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?让个那男孩先走，好吗？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步，好吗？（二） 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以回答祈使句时，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：一是“形式一致”，即Yes与will保持一致；No与wont保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。（三） 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用1、考查“祈使句+and/then+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的肯定的条件状语从句。如：Work hard，and/then youll be successful in time.(=If you work hard, youll be successful in time.)Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.2、考查“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构。该结构相当于一个if引导的否定的条件状语从句。如：Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.(=If you dont hurry up, youll miss the bus.)（四）祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条件状语从句连用时，条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he es here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话，叫他给我来个xx。（五）特殊形式的祈使句在英语中，有些祈使句不是以动词原形来引起一个祈使句，而是以一个名词短语来充当，且后接一个带有并列连接词的分句。实际上，这个充当祈使句的名词短语相当于一个条件状语从句。例如：More water and the young trees couldnt have died. If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.如果你给那些小树多浇点水，他们就不会死了。七、. there be 句型2、 there be 句型的意义：表示“某处有某物”。3、 there be 句型的时态there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ;4、 there be 句型的特殊用法：there be 不可与have 连用there be 后的谓语动词遵循就近原则there be 的反义疑问句为谓语动词+there there +具体的动词 使表达更生动there be 的非谓语动词为 若前面的动词后是不定式时，就用there to be 若前面的动词后是v-ing 时，就用 there being5、 there be 句型的固定搭配there is no use / sense / point + v-ingthere is no need +to dothere is no doubt +that 从句课堂练习1(2014北京卷)24. _ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.A. ObserveB. To observe C. Observed D. Observing2(2014福建卷)28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30C in summer. A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so3(2014福建卷)29. It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. A. where B. why C. that D. what4(2014福建卷) 32. _ no modern telemunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been5(2014湖南卷)29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you keptD. did you keep6(2014湖南卷)30. _ what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.A. Make B. To make C. MakingD. Made7(2014湖南卷)33. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_ makes life happy.A. that B. whichC. what D. who8(2014全国大纲卷)26. _ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 9(2014全国大纲卷)33. _ me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called 10(2014陕西卷)17. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has11(2014四川卷)3. Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry?A. whyB. whoC. whereD. that12(2014天津卷)1. Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.A. if B. or C. and D. while13(2014天津卷)15. _ the morning train, he woul