高中英语必修五知识点外研版.doc

必修五Module 1confusedisappoint, embarrass,move, frighten, amaze,interest, surprise, tire,terrify, excite, satisfy,.confuse(vt.) confusion(n.) 联想： （confuse with/and.） （in confusion） 把和混淆 困惑地；混乱地 confusing (adj.) confused (adj.)pare (v.)-parison(n.)把A 和B比较pare A with B 把A比作/比喻为B pare A to B 比起,与相比(作状语) pared with /to 比得上pare with 无与伦比beyond parison 与比较in parison 相比之下by parisondiffer (vi) different(adj.) difference (n.)在方面不同differ in = be different in 区分和Tell the difference betweenand.不同于differ from = be different from和某人在方面differ with sb. on sth. 有影响，使不同make a difference对有影响have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influence It makes a big difference to your life whether you take an optimistic attitude or not. 你是否采取乐观的态度对你的人生有很大的影响。mon有很多/有一些/ 几乎没有/ 没有共同点have much(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little) in mon 和一样in mon withleadlead to +doing/n通往，通向；导致，招致 lead sb to sp. 带领某人到某地lead sb to do sth. 使某人做某事，领某人干某事命题方向： 1). lead to + doing/ being done 2).leading to 作定语或状语。 3).含介词的短语动词用在定语从句中，考察句中的谓语动词。短语lead to 中，to为介词，总结一下“动词+介词to”的常用短语pay attention to 注意 devote to 献身于 stick to 坚持be used to 习惯于belong to 属于 object to 反对 get down to开始认真做. contribute to 为.做贡献 pay a visit to 参观;拜访difficultyhave some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/没有困难There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意：difficulty 为不可数名词）have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing 做某事有一些/没有困难There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.There is some/no difficulty with sth. （注意：difficulty 为不可数名词）attemptattempt to do/ attempt at doing. 试图做;尝试做make an/no attempt to do (没有)试图/打算做at ones first attempt (to do) 第一次尝试做addaddto把加到上 add to 增加addup把加起来 add up to总计必修五Module 2offer n/v表示愿意做，主动给予 提出，提供 （买方） 出价/ charge （卖方）收费，要价offer/provide /supply提供给某人某物 offer sb sth/offer sth to sbprovide sb with sth/ provide sth for sbsupply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb主动提出做某事:offer to do apply vapply sth to 应用 New technology is applied to almost every industrial process. (工业流程)apply oneself to 致力于；专心于 If only he applied himself to study, he would do better in it. apply for 申请Before applying for the post, you have to fill in the application form.【拓展】 applicant n.申请人 表示“致力于；专心于”的短语：be lost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied in concentrate/ focus/ fix .onbe devoted / addicted/ abandoned to (沉迷于) demand: n. (非常/很)受欢迎的in (good) demand需要,需求(尤指顾客) demand for sth./ sb.对某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.demand可加n. / Pro./ To do / that 从句作宾语。注意：不能说:demand sb to do sth必修五Module31. account v./n.on account of 由于 Take into account烤鱼 On no account绝不accounted for解释bank account 银行账户as ifas if 引导的从句作表语。as if = as though 好像，似乎, 主要用于引导状语从句和表语从句。当前面有系动词look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound等时，如果表示的可能性较大，与事实较一致时，谓语动词用陈述语气。as if 从句用虚拟语气的情况： 从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。 You look as if you did not care. (实际上关心)从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had过去分词” He talked about Paris as if he had been there before. （实际上以前没去过）从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might动词原形”。 It looks as if it might snow. （实际上不会下雪）分词作定语 1）通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如： He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you) He is the man stopped by the car. ( = who was stopped by) 2）不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生分词作状语 连词+分词(短语) 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。 如： when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词之后 分词作表语 分词作插入语 :其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。 generally speaking 一般说来 strictly speaking 严格的说 judging from 从判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来 分词的时态 1). 与主语动词同时 (not) doing 2）先于主动词 （not）having done独立主格结构：在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情必修五Module 4Pretend pretend +that 假装 pretend to do sth. 假装要做某事 pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做过某事类似用法happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事 appear to be 似乎是 consider sth. to be/as 把当作 bookbook 意为预定（票，位子等）order 意为订货，定购常用作及物动词，还可以意为点菜（饭，酒，饮料）既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。dressdress的用法： dress sb./ oneself=(sb).be dressed in dress(oneself) upwear的用法：强调状态 (穿着,穿衣戴帽,戴首饰,带笑容)put on 的用法：强调动作(穿上 ) -反义词 take off 必修五Module 5winwin vt. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, petition等名词。beat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手advantage have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有优势take advantage of 利用机会等；某人的处境、弱点等to ones advantage =to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利chance(the) chances are (that) ./ The chance is that .很可能. (It is likely / probable / possible that)There is no chance that .不可能There is a chance that /of 有可能seize /grasp a chance 抓住机会take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气by chance /by accident 碰巧倍数(1).倍数表达法： 倍数+ as . as. This room is four times as big as that one. 这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。 The road is twice as long as that one. 这条路是那条路的2倍长。 (2). 倍数的其他结构：倍数 + adj./adv. 的比较级+ than.倍数+ the + 名词（size,length, height,width.）+ of .This room is twice bigger than mine. 这个房间是我房间的2倍大。 = This room is twice the size of mine.状语从句时间状语从句其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly hadwhen, scarcely had when, no sooner had than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如： Give him an inch and hell take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, hell take a mile. ) 但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如：Start at once, or / otherwise youll miss the train. (= If you dont start at once, ) 让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句 He didnt want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.= He didnt want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.Ill give the books to whoever needs themas引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though也可以）Tired as he was, he still went on with his workMuch as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy itTry as he might, he didnt pass the exam. 原因状语从句引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now thatbecause: 语气最强，回答why时用becauseWhy are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.since: “既然.” 表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Since you have got enough money with you now, you can e and buy it next time.as: “由于.” 语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.比较状语从句比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。 原级 as as not so / as as 比较级: 比较级+ than 最高级： 最高级+in / of / among no more than 和 not more thanHis education added up to no more than one year.They finished the project in not more than one year两者中 “较.的一个用the + 比较级The younger of the twin sisters is more consideration必修五Module 61. danger n. danger adj. dangerous V endangerin danger 处于危险中 out of danger 脱离危险 in danger of doing 有的危险a danger to 对来说是个危险的人或物 endangered species濒危物种=species in dangerstruggle词义：n. 努力, 奋斗 v. 努力, 奋斗, 挣扎 ;尽力挣扎, 使劲移动 短语：为.而奋斗struggle for sth 与.斗争struggle against sb / struggle with sb 努力做某事，奋力做某事struggle to do sth 挣扎着站起来struggle to ones feet状语从句省略从句与主句主语一致，且从句中谓语是be动词。从句主谓是it is,如 if it is necessary 省略成 if necessary.focusn. focus of attention关注的焦点v. 集中注意力于focus ones attention on集中于.; 聚集于. focus on