美国中央公园详细解析.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/3/4,#,Central Park,中央公园,（美国纽约曼哈顿岛中央公园）,公园基本介绍,Basicintroduction,纽约中央公园位于美国纽约市曼哈顿区，它南起第,59,街，北抵第,110,街（南北距约,2.5,英里），东西两侧被著名的第五大道和中央公园西大道所围合（约,0.5,英里），公园占地约,843,英亩，长跨,51,个街区，宽跨,3,个街区，是世界上最大的人造自然景观之一。,New YorkCentral Park is located in ManhattanDistrict ofNew York City,itAmerican,fifty-ninth South Street,North Street at 110th(north-south distanceof about 2.5miles),things have been on both sides ofthe famous Fifth Avenue andCentral Park WestRoadWai(about 0.5 miles),the park covers an area ofabout 843 acres,51 blockslongspan,span3 blocks,is one ofthe worlds largestartificial naturallandscape.,卫星图,The satellite map,弗雷德里克,劳,奥姆斯特德,Frederick Law Olmsted,(1822-1903),被普遍认为是美国景观设计学的奠基人，是美国最重要的公园设计者。他最著名的作品是其与合伙人沃克,(Calvert Vaux)(1824-1895),在,100,多年前共同设计的位于纽约市的中央公园（,1858-1876,）。这一事件既开了现代景观设计学之先河，更为重要的是，她标志着普通人生活景观的到来，美国的现代景观设计从中央公园起，就已不再是少数人所赏玩的奢侈品，而是普通公众身心愉悦的空间。他对结合考虑周围自然和公园的城市和社区建设方式将对现代景观设计继续产生重要影响。他是美国城市美化运动原则最早的倡导者之一，也是向美国景观引进郊外发展想法的最早的倡导者之一。奥姆斯特德的理沦和实践活动推动了美国自然风景园运动的发展。,2006,年，奥姆斯特德被美国的权威期刊,大西洋月刊,评为影响美国的,100,位人物之一（名列第,49,位,）。,奥姆斯特德原则,1,、保护自然景观，某些情况下，自然景观需要加以恢复或进一步加以强调（因地制宜，尊重现状）,2,、除了在非常有限的范围内，尽可能避免规则式（自然式规则）,3,、保持公园中心区的草坪或草地,4,、选用当地的,乔灌木,5,、大路和小路的规划应成流畅的弯曲线，所有的道路成循环系统,6,、全园靠主要道路划分不同区域,详细,分析,Path analysis,由于,中央公园地处曼哈顿闹市中心，这一地理位置的特殊性，使他们意识到必须合理地处理好公园与城市之间的交通关系以及规划好园内的道路。在现今汽车泛滥的世界上，许多城市都为穿园交通而困扰。,该设计根据地形高差、采用立交方式构筑了四条不属于公园内部的东西向穿园公路，既隐蔽又方便。又不妨碍园内游人的活动。,至今人们仍认为在组织和协调城市交通方面，这一设计不愧是一个成功的先例,。,700m,700m,3400m,3400m,中央公园四周有低矮围墙。大门在南端，全园四周有许多随意出入口，园外两侧交通十分便利。,在当时为方便游人乘马车、骑马和步行来园，他们充分利用地形层次变化设计了车道、马道、和游步道系统，各自分流，,在相互穿越时利用桥涵解决。瓦克斯设计的桥梁没有一个重复。,为不防碍景观，涵洞多置在低洼处，用植物巧妙地加以隐蔽。,公园内部道路网的组织考虑到能均匀地疏散游人，使游人一进园就能沿着各种道路很快达到自己理想的场所。直到现在，中央公园的交通网络,基本上,还保留了原来的框架。,There was a low wall around Central Park.In the south gate,the whole garden is surrounded by many at the entrance,park on both sides of the traffic is very convenient.At that time,for the convenience of visitors ride in a carriage,horse riding and walking to the park,they make full use of level terrain changes lane,road design,and trail,their diversion,in mutual cross bridge solved using.The bridge design is not a repeat of wax.For does not affect the landscape,culvert buy in hollows,plant skillfully concealed.Road inside the park network organizations consider uniform evacuation visitors,so that visitors into a park along the road will soon reach their ideal place.Until now,the Central Park transportation network basically still retains the original framework.,中央公园内有一条长,10,公里的环园大道，深受跑步者、骑自行车者以及滚轴溜冰者喜爱，大道禁止机动车驶入（汽车要通行有规定时间）。显然，这里貌似已经成为游客锻炼身体的好地方。,Central Parkhas a 10 km longCentral ParkAvenue,by therunners,cyclistsandroller skatingfans,avenueto prohibit traffic(cars topassaspecified time).Obviously,thisseems to havebecomea good place for touriststo exercise,具体分析,Specific analysis,中央公园的东南角入口广场,Central Park in the southeast corner of the entrance plaza,William Tecumseh Sherman,谢尔曼将军，,1820-1891,，美国南北战争时期联邦将领。中央公园的东南角入口大军广场雕塑。,中央公园的东南角入口广场,Central Park in the southeast corner of the entrance plaza,William Tecumseh Sherman,谢尔曼将军，,1820-1891,，美国南北战争时期联邦将领。中央公园的东南角入口大军广场雕塑。,池塘,THE POND,池塘,THE POND,沃尔曼溜冰场滑冰学校,Wollman Rink Skating School,中央公园动物园,Central Park Zoo,沃尔曼溜冰场滑冰学校,Wollman Rink Skating School,从,1980,年起，纽约市政府着手维修中央公园冰场，却花了六年半和,1300,万美元，把一个原本可以使用的冰场变成了一个混凝土池子。这个市政工程成为当时纽约市的耻辱。特朗普的大厦就在不远，他等待了五年以后，主动出面承担了项目。,仅仅三个月后，花费了两百五十万美元，一个全功能的媲美职业冰球队主场的冰场就对公众开放了。这个公共项目为特朗普赢得了公众广泛的赞誉，这就是沃尔曼溜冰场。从那时开始，就有人主张他应该去竞选总统。,特朗普,沃尔曼溜冰场滑冰学校,Wollman,Rink and Victorian,Gardens(,维,多利亚花,园,),Wollman Rink Skating School,沃尔曼溜冰场,是纽约中央公园中的一个巨大的露天滑冰场，是,1970,年影片,爱情的故事,的背景地，同时也是美国魔术师戴维,布莱恩进行死亡倒挂表演的场地。,Wollman rinkin Central Park,New York isa big openice skating rink,wasthe 1970 filmlove storybackground,but alsoAmericamagicianDavid Briandeathhangs upside downthe performance venue.,沃尔,曼,冰场,维多利亚花园,沃尔,曼,冰场,维多利亚花园,中央公园动物园,Central Park Zoo,中央公园动物园,Central Park Zoo,中央公园动物园,（英文：,Central Park Zoo,）是一座位于美国纽约市中央公园的小型动物园，面积约,2.6,公顷（,6.4,英亩）。它与布朗克斯动物园、展望公园动物园，皇后动物园和纽约水族馆组成综合体系，由国际野生动物保护学会管理，并被动物园和水族馆协会认可。中央公园动物园是美国第二个公众拥有的动物园。,该动物园始建于,1860,年代，最早只是一个动物展览，,1934,年修缮，增添了一些新建筑。,1980,年代中期再次翻新，,1988,年重新开张，并用原生态环境代替了笼子。,The Central ParkZoo(English:CentralParkZoo)is a citylocated in the Central Park in New York cityAmericasmallzoo,an area of about 2.6hectares(6.4 acres).Itand Bronx Zoo,Prospect ParkZoo,zooand theNew York aquariumqueenintegratedsystem,by the internationalmanagementof wildanimal protection society,was recognized inzooand aquarium association.The Central ParkzooisUSAsecond publicownedzoo.,Thezoobuilt in 1860 years,first as aanimalexhibitionin 1934,repair,add somenew buildings.1980 time metaphaseagain1988renovation,re opening,and instead ofthe cage withthe original ecological environment.,中央公园动物园,Central Park Zoo,园内分为海狮表演区,(,TheCentralSeaLionPool)、,极圈区,(,PolarCircle),和热带雨林区,(,TropicZone)。,鼠岩,Rat Rock,赫克舍乐园,Heckscher Playground,鼠岩,Rat Rock,在车水马龙的曼哈顿中心，中央公园还为纽约保留了一片闹市中的荒野。曼哈顿的基岩一共有,4,类，其中曼哈顿片岩和哈特兰德片岩都能在中央公园中见到，它们形成于,4.5,亿年前的巨神海中。中央公园西南角的“鼠岩”也许算得上公园中,最有名的哈特兰德片岩,了。这块圆形的石块,宽,17,米，高,4.6,米,，,其东、西和北面都颇具攀爬趣味,，每天都有攀岩者在“鼠岩”上一试身手。,儿童乐园附近有一片很大的岩床，人们叫做“裁判岩”（,Umpire Rock,），又名“鼠岩”（,Rat Rock,），是中央公园岩石区中最大的一块。此区露土的岩床都非常美，上面留有冰川切割的痕迹，値得仔细硏究。当然，你也可以和孩子一起在岩石区练习抱石（,bouldering,）或攀岩。,鼠岩,Rat Rock,In the heavy traffic on the street of Manhattan center,Central Park also for New York to retain a piece of downtown in the wilderness.Manhattans bedrock altogether has 4 kinds,of which Manhattan schist and Hart Rand schist are seen in the Central Park,they formed 450000000 years ago,the giant god in the sea.The southwest corner of Central Park rat rock perhaps Harts most famous is schist in the park.The circular stone 17 meters wide,4.6 meters high,the East,North and West are quite climbing fun,there are climbers in the rat rock a try every day.,There is a big playground near the sill,known as the rock(Umpire Rock),also known as rat rock(Rat Rock),Central Park is the largest piece of rock zone.This district soil exposure bedrock are very beautiful,a glacier carved traces above,worth careful study.Of course,you can also and the children practice together in the rocks(bouldering)or climbing bouldering.,赫克舍乐园,Heckscher Playground,赫克舍乐园,纽约中央公园位于纽约第五大道西侧，由南至北从,59,街跨至,110,街，共占地,340,公顷。其内包含树林、湖泊、牧场、动物园、花园、溜冰场、游泳池、运动场、剧院、广场、草坪以及各类完善的公共设施。各种各样的休闲活动在这里被提供给市民和游客，其中最常见到的就是在慢跑道上跑步的身影，晴天的时候，草坪上或坐或卧的闲散的人们，也是中央公园的代表风景。,在中央公园的,21,个儿童乐园中，赫克舍乐园历史最久。大约,1.8,英亩的占地面积，在纽约可谓首屈一指。这里用水泥造的隧道、沙沟、城墙、滑道等，把乐园分成不同区域，分别有滑滑梯、秋千、洒水器，孩子在这里玩耍一天都不会厌倦。,Heckscher Playground,New York Central Park is located in New York Fifth Avenue West,from south to North from 59 street to 110 street,covers an area of 340 hectares.The woods,lakes,meadows,zoo,gardens,ice rink,swimming pool,playground,theatre,square,grass and all kinds of complete public facilities.A variety of leisure activities here are provided to the public and tourists,one of the most common is in the slow lane jogging,sunny days,people on the lawn or sitting or lying idle,on behalf of the scenic Central Park is.In 21 childrens Park in Central Park,the oldest Heckscher paradise.About 1.8 acres of land area,is come first on the list in New York.Here use cement to build tunnel,Sha Gou,walls,chute,the park is divided into different regions,respectively,slides,swings,sprinklers,children play a day are not tired here.,赫克舍乐园,Heckscher Playground,赫克舍乐园,Heckscher Playground,赫克舍乐园,Heckscher Playground,垒球场,softball field,绵羊草原,Sheep meadow,贯穿道路,Baseball,in Central Park,棒,球！,绵羊草原,Sheep meadow,在,1934,年以前，这片大草皮真的是用来放牧绵羊的，后来很写实地以绵羊草原,(Sheep Meadow),来命名，现在虽然不是作为让绵羊吃草之用，却是个提供人们野餐与享受日光浴的好地方，四周以栅栏围起来，这里可以看到很壮观的日光浴场景，每个人（都是白人）各出奇招地设法让自己晒黑，近处的茵茵草原与“人肉”景观，衬着远方的高楼大厦，倒也是夏日的一大奇观。,Before 1934,the big lawn really is used for grazing sheep,then very realistically in sheep meadow(Sheep Meadow)to name,although not as for sheep grazing,is a good place for people to picnic and enjoy the sun,surrounded by the fence,where you can see the spectacular sunbathing scene,everyone(all white)out of tricks to try to tan,lush grassland and human landscape near,lined with distant many-storied buildings,a great spectacles summer.,绵羊草原,Sheep meadow,绵羊草原,Sheep meadow,公园怎么能没有旋转木马？立在第,64,街公园中部的旋转木马已经有近,150,年历史了，手工雕刻的木马仍在讲述着每个人的童话。如果天气允许，一周开放,7,天,。,中央公园（,Central Park,）是全世界最著名的城市公园，园内最早的旋转木马建于,1871,年，由真实的马与骡子在地下带动旋转，后来重建并升级为蒸汽动力。你如今所见的旋转木马（,Central Park Carousel,）已是园内第四代木马（四代木马的地点相同），由,57,匹手工雕刻的木马与,2,架装饰车组成，每年约接待,25,万名旅行者。,3,4,2,1,1.,壳形演奏台,-(,诺博格,),Central park bandshell,2.,毕士达喷泉,Bethesda Fountain,3.,湖,The lake,4.,保护水域,conservatory water,Naumburg Bandshell,5,6,1,1.,壳形演奏台,-(,诺博格,),Central park bandshell,Naumburg Bandshell,1.,壳形演奏台,-(,诺博格,),Central park bandshell,Naumburg Bandshell,中央公园南部中心区在,the Central Park,Mall,林荫大道和,Bethesda Terrace,交汇之处有一个壳型户外剧场,Naumburg Bandshell,。每年夏季,Naumburg Orchestral Concerts,都要在这里举行免费的户外音乐会,一百零二年以来从未间断过。它在美国户外音乐会系列中是历史最悠久的。这一壳型剧场是已故的纽约著名商人，银行家，慈善家及音乐研究家,Elkan Naumburg1923,年捐贈給热爱音乐的紐約市民的礼物。建筑师是,William G.Tachau,。读过西方建筑史或艺术史的朋友不难看出它身上的罗马万神庙的影子。它取代了建于,1862,年的木和铸铁混合结构的八角型表演亭,壳形演奏台,-(,诺博格,),Central park bandshell,Naumburg Bandshell,The central area of the southern Central Park in the Central Park Mall Boulevard and Bethesda Terrace junction has a shell type outdoor theater Naumburg Bandshell.Every summer,Naumburg Orchestral Concerts will hold a free outdoor concerts here,since one hundred and two years have never stopped.It is the oldest in the outdoor concert American series.The shell theatre is a famous businessman,the late New York banker,philanthropist and music of gift Elkan Naumburg1923 donated to the love of music,the citizens of New York.The architect is William G.Tachau.Read the history of Western architecture or art history friend is not difficult to see the shadow of the pantheon in Rome.It replaces the octagon built in 1862 of the wood and iron mixed structure show booth,壳形演奏台,-(,诺博格,),Central park bandshell,Naumburg Bandshell,2,2.,毕士达喷泉,Bethesda Fountain,2.,毕士达喷泉,Bethesda Fountain,毕士达喷泉,Bethesda Fountain,毕士达喷泉,(Bethesda Fountain),及广场位于湖泊与林荫之间，是中央公园的核心，喷泉建于,1873,年，为了纪念内战期间死于海中的战士，而毕士达之名则是取自圣经的故事，内容叙述在,耶路撒冷,的一个水池因天使赋予的力量，而具有治病的功效，“水中天使”,(The Anger of Water),的雕像，则是取自,Tony Kushner,的史诗戏剧作品“天使在美国”,(Anger in America),，而围在喷泉旁的四座雕像分别代表“节制”、“纯净”、“健康”与“和平”。这座水池常常有成群天鹅悠游其间，也有不少游客在湖中划船。,Bethesda fountain(Bethesda Fountain)and square is located between the lake and the Central Park,is the core of the fountain,built in 1873,to commemorate the Civil War soldiers died in the sea,and Bethesda name is taken from the Bible stories,description in Jerusalem a pool for the angels give strength,and has a cure efficacy,angel of waters(The Anger of Water)of the statue,is taken from Tony Kushners epic drama angel in the America(Anger in America),and around the fountain of four statues representing the control,pure,health and peace.The sink is often groups of swans during swimming,there are also many visitors boating on the lake.,毕士达柱廊,Bethesda terrace,文学大,道,(,文艺步道、林荫大道）,Literary Walk,这条公园里的直线道路从第,66,延伸至第,72,街，由美国榆树组成的天然遮阳篷，冬天下雪时白的分外圣洁，平日艳阳高照时枝丫和光影配合的也浪漫值满满。,The Mall andLiterary Walk,这排榆树也是北美仅剩的最大规模榆树，不仅改善了空气和水的质量，也减少洪水和侵蚀，调节着温度。因此中央公园也花了很多心思去维护它们,。,The Mall&Literary Walk,直通,Bethesda Terrace,两边的参天大树是北美最大最高的美国榆,(Elm),树群之一，是中央公园的经典景点之一，二边有不少街头艺人在表演或售画品,3,3.,湖,The lake,3.,湖,The lake,湖,The lake,湖,The lake,4,4.,保护水域,conservatory water,4.,保护水域,conservatory water,保护水域,conservatory water,保护水域位于纽约中央公园中临近曼哈顿第五大道的自然凹陷区，正对着东,74,街。在,Pilgrim Hill,南坡，起伏的草坪上遍布着球形欧洲鹅耳枥，各种各样的橡树，樱花和许多其他的树木。,Conservation of water is located in the Central Park in New York near the Manhattan Fifth Avenue natural sag,facing the East 74 street.In the Pilgrim Hill on the southern slope,undulating lawn dotted with spherical Carpinus betulus,variety of oak,cherry and many other trees.,保护水域池塘的形状是椭圆的，有着蜿蜒的不规则的河岸，以东侧的高地河岸和垂在北部的柳树为边界。岩石直接分布在河岸，以表明水域是天然形成的而非人工池塘。池塘中的水引自湖,。,To protect the water pond shape is oval,with irregular meandering river to the East,the upland riparian and vertical in the northern willow as boundary.Rock direct distribution in riparian,to show that the water is natural and non artificial pond.The water from the lake.,保护水域,conservatory water,保护水域在,1857,年计划中作为“草皮”计划去上第五大道的楼梯。它的形状类似巴黎的一个模型船池塘,卢森堡公园。这片保护水域,(Conservatory Water),以“模型船池塘”闻名，春天至秋天的星期六早上,10,点，这里会举行模型船比赛。,The protection of waters in 1857 plans as turf plan to go to Fifth Avenue stairs.It is shaped like a Paris model boat pond-Luxembourg Gardens.This piece of protected waters(Conservatory Water)is known as a model boat pond,10 spring to autumn Saturday morning,here will hold a model boat race.,保护水域,conservatory water,Sculptures,雕塑,安徒生,Andersen,爱丽斯梦游仙境,Alice in Wonderland,爱丽斯梦游仙境的雕像位于水域北部，这是出版家乔治,戴拉寇克,(George Delacorte),为了纪念爱妻出资建立的，爱丽斯与疯帽人,(Mad Hatter),坐在一个巨大的蘑菇上，还有猫与兔子，小孩子可以在这个区域游玩。,丹麦小说家安徒生的塑像在湖的西面，还有一只丑小鸭蹲在他脚下，夏天的周末则有说故事的人在这里为小朋友们朗读故事书。,The statue of the Danish writer Andersen in the west of the lake,there is an ugly duckling sat at his feet,summer weekends are storytellers here for the kids to read story books.,Alice in Wonderland is located in the northern waters of the statue,publisher George Della Coake(George Delacorte)to commemorate his wife funded,Alice and the Mad Hatter(Mad Hatter)sitting on a huge mushroom,cats and rabbits,children can play in this area.,5,5.,中央公园草莓地,Strawberry-Fields,5.,中央公园草莓地,纽约中央公园草莓地（,Strawberry Fields,）,，这里并没有草莓，是根据英国利物浦披头士乐队创始成员约翰,列侬（,John Lennon,）的经典歌曲,永远的草莓地,命名，在马赛克地面的中央镶嵌着,Imagine,的字样。,1980,年,12,月,8,日他从公园对面的达科他公寓（,The Dakota,）家里到这里散步时被枪杀。,1985,年由纽约市长和列侬遗孀小野洋子承担，修建了这个独特的纪念碑，表达对这位伟大歌手的追思。,6,船屋,Loeb Boathouse,船屋,Loeb Boathouse,如果你想在中央公园里用餐，坐落在公园东侧,75,街的湖边船屋是个不错的选择，提供室内室外用餐，可以俯瞰湖面风景。这里也是婚礼及私人聚会的热门地，是纽约浪漫地之一。,游荡,The ramble,游荡,The ramble,游荡,The ramble,公园里的“游荡”（,the ramble,）是很多人爱去的地方，也是奥姆斯泰德得意之笔，“游荡”位于中央公园的几何中心，被营造成为小型的山谷丘陵。谷里树木横生，荒枝满地，池塘幽深，鲜见阳光。尽管面积只有,0.15,平方千米，但蜿蜒的小路与阻挡视线的丘陵使人产生错觉。沿路景色多变，没有重复，尤其是经常发生的突兀的景致变化，使人在这小小的山谷里得到只有在真山真水里才能经历的体会。比如对水的运用，“游荡”里有宁静的小溪，寂寂无人的池塘，杂草丛生的沼泽而至水的源头。再如某条小径的视线所至，从山林到空地、到溪、到林间、到对面的湖，尽管一水之隔的外面既即是经常人山人海的草坪，“游荡”成功的营造了冷清、寂静、令人静思的氛围。由于年深日久，如今的“游荡”微显老态，有破败之状。但是不管怎么样，“游荡”的设计让人一尝大自然野性难驯的一面。自从文明击败了野性，这种美妙的滋味真是难得一尝。,Wandering in the park (the ramble)is a lot of people love to go,but also Ormes Ted his pen,wandering located in the geometric center of Central Park,is to create a small valley and hills.In the valley of trees grow wild,wild branches all over the floor,pond deep,rare sunshine.Although the area of only 0.15 square kilometers,but a winding path and block line of sight to create the illusion of the hills.The scenery is changeable,not repeated,especially the scenery changes suddenly occur frequently,making people experience can only experience in true mountain water in this small valley.Such as the use of water,a quiet stream wandering,still no one pond,the source overgrown swamp and water.As a path to the line of sight,from the mountains into the open,into the river,to the forest,across the lake,although from the outside it is often huge crowds of people lawn,wandering success to create a deserted,quiet,a quiet atmosphere.Because the timeworn,todays wandering micro showing its age,a dilapidated state.But anyway,wandering design people a taste of nature wild.Since