非谓语动词在写作上的运用.doc

动名词admit，appreciate，give up，imagine，put off，resist，cant stand(无法忍受)等后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式。forget，mean，regret，remember，等可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。在短语devote to，object to，thank for，be busy，look forward to，there is no use/good/need等动词词组后也必须用动名词形式。在love，hate，prefer，like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。用动名词作宾语时，指一般情况，而跟不定式作宾语时指某一次具体行为。.allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词need，require，want作“需要”解，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。The window needs cleaning/to be cleaned.动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种。We are interested in playing chess.Im sorry for not having kept my promise.He likes being helped.I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it.分词的时态和语态(1)分词分为现在分词和过去分词，其否定形式为not分词。现在分词有一般式和完成式。Being a student，he was interested in books.Having studied in it for three years，he knows the university very well.(2)现在分词有一般式和完成式，且有主动语态和被动语态。The question being discussed is important.Having been criticized by the teacher，Li Ming gave up smoking.(3)过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，或是没有一定的时间性。This is a book written by a famous Chinese writer.如果指的动作现在正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，可用现在分词的被动形式作定语。We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.(4)作状语分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随状况等。The teacher stood there，surrounded by the students.表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引出。While unfinished，the painting looked ugly.分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果分词与句子的主语是主动关系，用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作，用having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如果分词与句子的主语是被动关系，则用done强调在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作，也可用having been done。(5).当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词前必须加上自己的主语，此结构被称为独立主格结构。Time permitting，Ill finish another lesson.二、 转换复合句为非谓语动词 1这里曾有一家化肥厂，位于城市的南边。它每天释放出大量有毒气体，污染环境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment.There used to be a large factory _. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, _the environment. (现在分词作状语) 2当我们赶到校门口时，已经8点了。我们见到老师时，不得不为迟到而向她道歉。When we got to the school gate it was eight. When we saw our teacher, we had to say sorry for we were so late.When we got to the school gate it was eight. _, we had to say sorry for our being late. (现在分词作状语) 3我们认为中学生学习一门外语是必要的。同时我们也认为，中学生掌握一门外语是可能的。We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one. We think _ that middle school students should learn a foreign language and (we think it) possible for them _ as well.(it的用法和不定式作真正宾语) 4由于老师的帮助，我英语进步了。因为我英语进步了，我相信我能考上更好的大学。 Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, Im sure I will go to a better university. _, my English has greatly improved, _(关联词) makes me sure I will go to a better university.(with复合结构作状语)5为了赶上同班同学，李东不遗余力地学习。为了好好学习，他从不玩电脑游戏。Li Dong spares no effort to study so that he can catch up with his classmates. He never plays computer games so that he can learn better.Li Dong spares no effort to study _ his classmates and _better he never plays computer games .(不定式作状语)三. 运用非谓语动词转换简单句1We were touched by the teachers words. We decided to work hard. _2I didnt receive her letter. I had to write again. _3The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry. _4The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to finish the work earlier. _5I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her. _6. It is high time we took part in some activities. We want to make ourselves more healthy. _7. A girl climbed so hard that she lost her temper. She complained about the long walk. _8. The monitor has set a good example for us . Therefore, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her . _四、 改错 1. Looking from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful . 2. In my opinion, climb mountain is an enjoyable thing. 3. Which team is good at cooking? A team called itself the supper cook. 五、运用非谓语动词转换短文(根据一般表达写出该短文的高级表达) 广州市有大量的出租车司机，他们每天全心全意地为乘客服务，对广州市的交通发挥着重要作用。他们起早贪黑，赚钱养家糊口。有一次，我下车时不小心把手机忘在了车上，但当我和司机同志联系上之后，他立即开车把手机送到了我的家门口，让我感动不已。 一般表达： 1. There are a large number of taxi drivers in Guangzhou. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Guangzhou. 2. They make some money. They work from dawn till night. 3. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry so I left my cellphone in the taxi I took. 4. After I got in touch with the driver , he drove to my home and gave it back to me. 5. When i saw my phone again, I was very excited. 高级表达： _ _ _ 六 请尽量用非谓语动词来描述以下两篇短文。（仅限5句话）1. 高考快到了，我们班举行了一次会议讨论去哪里春游来缓解考试的压力。我们选择了去烧烤。第二天，我们大清早出发。我们爬山，有说有笑。当我们到达的时候，我们开始烧烤。 吃完大餐，我们欣赏了温暖的日落的美丽风景。返回时，我们虽然很累但很开心。_ _ _2. 高考临近。保持良好的心态很重要。它有助于减轻焦虑（relax）和勇敢地克服困难。_ _ _ 二、转换复合句为非谓语动词 1There used to be a large factory producing fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the environment. (现在分词作状语) 2When we got to the school gate it was eight. Seeing our teacher, we had to say sorry for our being late. (现在分词作状语) 3We think it necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and (we think it) possible for them to master one as well.(不定式作真正宾语) 4With my teacher helping me, my English has greatly improved, which makes me sure I will go to a better university.(with复合结构作状语)5Li Dong spares no effort to study so as to catch up with his classmates and to learn better he never plays computer games .(不定式作状语)三、 转换复合句为非谓语动词 1Touched by the teachers words, we decided to work hard.2Not having received her letter., I had to write again.3The boys being late again made the teacher very angry.4. To finish the work earlier, the boys were making the most of time. 5Seeing an old granny lying on the ground, I went over to help her.6. It is high time we took part in some activities to make ourselves more healthy.7. She got so angry that she lost her temper, complaining about the long walk.8. Having set a good example for us, the monitor deserves the honor and we should learn from her .四、改错 1. Looked from the top of mountain, the city is beautiful . 2. In my opinion, climbing mountain is an enjoyable thing. 3. A team called the supper cook.A team calling itself the supper cook.五、运用非谓语动词转换短文(高级表达) There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing, serving passengers heart and soul and playing an important part in the traffic of Beijing. In order to make some money to support their families, they work from dawn till night. One day, I got out of the taxi in a hurry with my cellphone left in the taxi I took. On hearing what had happened, the taxi driver drove to my home as fast as possible and gave the cellphone back to me. Seeing my cellphone again, I was too excited to say a word.六、 请尽量用非谓语动词来描述以下两篇短文。1. With the National College Entrance Examination coming, our class had a meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing to relax ourselves. Having a barbecue is our choice. The next day, we set off early in the morning. We climbed the mountain, talking and laughing and on arriving, we began to barbecue. Having had a big dinner, we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful view. On the way back, we were tired but delighted.2. With National College Entrance Examination coming, it is important to have a right attitude to relax and overcome difficulties bravely. Having enough sleep is necessary, because it will be an effective way to improve our learning in the class. Moreover, to keep healthy is the base for our further study and work.