神经运动传导通路PPT.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,神经运动传导通路,运动传导通路,The,motor pathways,锥体系,锥体外系,上运动N元,中央前回、中央旁小叶前部、额顶叶部分皮质的锥体细胞,脊髓前角,层,锥体束,Pyramidal system,锥体系,脑干躯体、特殊内脏运动核,皮,质,脊,髓,束,皮,质,核,束,corticospinal,tract,corticonuclear,tract,皮质脊髓束,Corticospinal tract,中央前回上2/3,中央旁小叶前部,锥体细胞,皮质脊髓束,内囊后肢的前部,大脑脚底中3/5外侧部,脑桥基底部,锥体,pyramid,皮质脊髓侧束,皮质脊髓前束,锥体交叉,脊 髓,spinal cord,皮质脊髓侧束,皮质脊髓前束,四,肢,肌,躯,干,肌,皮质脊髓束,中央前回上2/3,中央旁小叶前部,锥体细胞,内囊后肢的前部,大脑脚底中3/5外侧部,脑桥基底部,锥体,锥体交叉,脊髓,层,脊髓,、,层,皮质脊髓侧束,前根,脊N,精细,运动,肌,四,肢,肌,躯,干,肌,躯,干,肌,皮质脊髓前束,白,质,前,连,合,大部管对侧,抑制肌张力,浅反射,-深反射,-病理反射,皮质脊髓束,上,、下运动N元损伤的临床表现,临床表现,上运动N元损伤,出现部位,对 侧,肌张力,增 高,瘫 痪,硬(痉挛性)瘫,浅反射,减弱或消失,深反射,亢 进,病理反射,出 现,肌萎缩,早期不明显,硬软分上下，左右看交叉,下运动N元损伤,同 侧,降 低,软(弛缓性)瘫,消 失,消 失,不出现,明 显,左侧中央前回上部,左,侧内囊后肢,左,侧大脑脚底中3/5外侧部,脑桥,左,侧基底部,延髓,左,侧锥体,左侧皮质脊髓前束,白质,前连合,颈髓第68段右侧、层,锥体交叉,右侧皮质脊髓侧束,颈髓第68 段右侧前角外侧核,右侧第68,颈神经前根,右侧第68,颈神经,右侧,臂丛,右侧,桡神经,右侧,肱三头肌,右侧肱三头肌,的运动传导通路,皮质核束,Corticonuclear tract,中央前回下部,锥体细胞,皮,质,核,束,内囊膝部,脑,N,骨,骼,肌,骨,骼,肌,骨,骼,肌,大脑脚底,中3/5内侧部,脑干腹侧部,面N核外侧核,舌下N核,动眼N核,滑车N核,展N核,三叉N运动核,面N核内侧核,疑核,副N脊髓核,皮,质,核,束,面N核外侧核,舌下N核,皮质脊髓束和皮质核束的异同点,上运动神经元,中央前回上2/3,中央旁小叶前部,中央前回下部,经过内囊,内囊后肢,内囊膝部,部分交叉,管对侧肌,大部分交叉,管上、下肢肌,小部分交叉,管半面、舌肌,异同点,皮质脊髓束,皮质核束,pyramidal cells in cerebral cortex,spinal and cranial,motor neurons,interneurons,upper,motor neurons,lower,motor neurons,skeletal muscle,The motor pathways,pyramidal cells,in precentral gyrus，anterior portion of paracentral lobe and part of frontal and parietal lobe,spinal motor neurons,Pyramidal system,cranial motor neurons,corticospinal,tract,corticonuclear,tract,Pyramidal tract,The general and individual character of corticospinal tract and corticonuclear tract,Upper,motor neurons,Upper 2/3 portion of,precentral gyrus,Anterior portion of,paracentral,lobe,Lower 1/3 portion,of precentral gyrus,Pass through,internal capsule,Posterior limb of,internal capsule,Genu of,internal capsule,Some nerve fibers,decussate to,control the,contralateral,muscles,A lot of nerve fibers,decussate to,control the,contralateral,muscles of limbs,A few of nerve fibers,decussate to,control the,contralateral,muscles of half face,and tongue,Character,Corticospinal tract,Corticonuclear tract,middle portion of right precentral gyrus,posterior limb of right internal capsule,lateral portion of middle of right crus cerebri,right basilar portion of pons,right pyramid,right anterior corticospinal tract,anterior white commissure,laminae in 68 left cervical spinal cord,pyramidal,decussation,left lateral corticospinal tract,lateral nuclei of anterior horn in 68 left cervical spinal cord,anterior roots of 68 left cervical nerves,68 left,cervical nerves,left brachial plexus,left radial nerve,left triceps brachii,The descending,pathway to left,triceps brachii,1.定义:,锥体系以外影响和控制躯体运动的传导通路,2.有关结构：,多,extrapyramidal system,锥体外系,大脑皮质,新纹状体,底,丘脑,红,核,黑,质,脑桥核,新小脑,前庭,N核,脑干网,状结构,丘脑,腹前核,腹外侧核,齿状核,网状,脊髓束,红核,脊髓束,脊髓,VII、VIII,层,脊髓,IX,层,古小脑,旧小脑,上,丘,旧纹状体,顶盖,脊髓束,大脑皮质,新纹状体,底,丘脑,红,核,黑,质,脑桥核,新小脑,前庭,N核,脑干网,状结构,丘脑,腹前核,腹外侧核,齿状核,网状,脊髓束,红核,脊髓束,前庭,脊髓束,脊髓,VII、VIII,层,脊髓,IX,层,古小脑,旧小脑,上,丘,旧纹状体,顶盖,脊髓束,大脑皮质,新纹状体,底,丘脑,红,核,致密部,黑质,网状部,脑桥核,新小脑,前庭,N核,脑干网,状结构,丘脑,腹前核,腹外侧核,齿状核,网状,脊髓束,红核,脊髓束,前庭,脊髓束,脊髓,VII、VIII,层,脊髓,IX,层,脑干？,古小脑,旧小脑,顶盖,脊髓束,上,丘,旧纹状体,1.定义:,锥体系以外影响和控制,躯体运动的传导通路,2.有关结构：,多，,大脑皮质,脑桥,核、小脑、纹状体、底丘脑、,黑质、丘脑,红核、上丘、,脑干网状结构、前N庭核,3.纤维联系：,分三类，环路多,4.终止部位：,脊髓、脑干，大脑,锥体外系,5.作用：,调节肌张力，协调肌运动，,维持体态姿势，管理习惯性动作,锥体外系,和锥体系与动作的关系,动作,锥体外系,锥体系,类型,平衡、姿势,精细动作,习惯性动作,时相,准备和维持,发动,锥体外系,是锥体系作用的前提,受锥体系的管理,锥体系与锥体外系的异同点,起源部位,主要纤维束,走行及神经元级数,终止部位,功能,损伤后的表现,传导通路的学习要点,名称、性质和作用,对应的大脑皮质代表区,交换神经元的次数、部位,交叉部位,感受器或效应器的名称和性质,损伤后的表现,cerebral cortex,pontine,nucleus,cerebellum,corpus striatum,subthalamus,substantia nigra,dorsal thalamus,superior,colliculus,red nucleus,reticular formation in brain stem,vesitibular,nuclei and their axons.,mediation of somatic motor activity control of muscle tone,maintenance of posture and equilibrium,Extrapyramidal system,The end,