[中英文]砌体结构材料.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,Chapter 3 Masonry materials and mechanical performance,Preface,3.1 masonry materials,3.2 type of the masonry,3.3,mechanical performance of,masonry materials,3.4 elastic modulus,friction coefficient and linear,expansion coefficient and contraction rate,1,Preface,Type of masonry structures:,1.,unreinforced,masonry structure:,brick masonry structure,(,砖砌体,),block masonry structure,(,砌块砌体,),stone masonry structure,(,石砌体,),、,2,Preface,Composite walls of brick masonry with reinforced concrete,structural columns,（,砖砌体和钢筋混凝土构造柱组合墙,),reinforced concrete masonry shear wall,.(,配筋砌块砌体,）,2.reinforced masonry structure,：,(,砌体中配有钢筋或钢筋混凝土者称为配筋砌体,),Steel mesh-reinforced masonry columns or walls,(,水平网状配筋砌体柱,或墙,),hybrid masonry columns or walls constructed of brick,masonry with reinforced concrete topping or reinforced,mortar topping,（,混凝土或钢筋砂浆面层组合砖墙或柱,）,3,Preface,materials of masonry structures,masonry unit:fired brick,stone,concrete hollow block,(,块材,:,粘土砖、石材、混凝土空心砌块）,mortar,（普通砂浆,),、,mortar for concrete masonry block,(,砌块砌筑砂浆）,s,t,eel reinforcement,concrete,（普通混凝土,),grout for concrete small hollow block,(,砌块灌孔混凝土）,4,3.1 masonry materials,3.1.1 masonry unit,3.1.2 mortar,mortar for concrete masonry block,3.1.3 steel reinforcement,concrete,grout for concrete small hollow block,3.1.4 strength grade of masonry unit and mortar,5,砌体结构设计规范,GB50003-2001,中可作为承重砌体的块体材料主要有：,1.,fired brick,（,烧结砖）,(1),fired common brick,烧结普通砖,Raw materials,：,clay,shale,gauge or fly-ash,粘土、煤矸石、页岩或粉煤灰,fired clay brick,fired,shale,brick,fired,gauge,brick,fired,fly-ash,brick,3.1.1 masonry unit,6,size of the characteristic brick(,标准砖尺寸,),：,24011553 mm,size of the masonry walls(,墙体尺寸,),：,（,120,）、,240,、,370,、,490,、,620 mm,Serviceable range,(,适用范围,),：房屋上部及地下基础等部位,3.1.1 masonry unit,7,3.1.1,masonry unit,(2),fired perforated brick,烧结多孔砖,Raw materials is the same as,fired common brick and the hole rate is not less than 25%,(,原料同烧结砖但孔洞率不小于,25%),Classified into Model P,（,24011590,）,and model M,（,19019090,）,8,3.1.1,masonry unit,Merit,(,优点,),：,save clay and mortar,increase the working efficiency,Save the cost of the wall,alleviate the weight and enhance the performance of the earthquake-resistant.,可节约粘土、减少砂浆用量、提高工效、节省墙体造价；,可减轻块体自重、增强墙体抗震性能,Serviceable range,：,upper structure of building,房屋上部结构,（,not suitable for underground structure in frost heaving area,不宜用于冻胀地区地下部位）,9,perforated brick,（多孔砖）,：,Hole rate is not less than,25,with more holes of small size,Mainly acting to support the,weight part.,孔,洞率等于或大于,25,，,孔的尺寸小而数量多的,砖，常用于承重部位；,Hollow brick(,空心砖,),：,孔洞率等于或大于,40,；,孔的尺寸大而数量少的,砖，常用于非承重部位。,3.1.1 masonry unit,10,2,Autoclaved sand-lime brick,蒸,压硅酸盐砖,(1),蒸压灰砂砖,Raw materials,：,sand and lime,size:the same as the common brick,适用范围：,不得用于长期受热,200,以上、受急冷急热和有酸性介质侵蚀的,建筑部位，,MU15,和,MU15,以上的蒸压灰砂砖可用于基础及其他,建筑部位，蒸压粉煤灰砖用于基础或用于受冻融和干湿交替作用,的建筑部位必须使用一等砖。,3.1.1 masonry unit,11,(2)Autoclaved,flyash,-lime brick,蒸压粉煤灰砖,Raw materials,：,flyash,and lime,gypsum,aggregate,原料：,粉煤灰和石灰加适量石膏及集料,size:the same as the common brick,适用范围：,不得用于长期受热,200,以上、受急冷急热和有酸性介质侵蚀的,建筑部位，,MU15,和,MU15,以上的蒸压灰砂砖可用于基础及其他,建筑部位，蒸压粉煤灰砖用于基础或用于受冻融和干湿交替作用,的建筑部位必须使用一等砖。,3.1.1 masonry unit,12,3.Concrete small hollow block with single-rowed holes,(,单排孔混凝土小型空心砌块,),Raw materials,：,common concrete,and light aggregate concrete,size,：,390mmx190mmx190mm,Hollow rate,：,25%,50%,小型砌块：高度,180-370 mm,：,中型砌块,:,高度,380-900mm,；,大型砌块尺寸更大，由于起重设备限制中型和大型砌块已很少应用。,3.1.1 masonry unit,13,4.stone,3.1.1 masonry unit,14,3.1.2 mortar,1.,effect of mortar,（砂浆的作用）：,（,1,）将单个的块体粘结成整体、促使构件应力分布均匀；,（,2,）填实块体之间的缝隙，提高砌体的保温和防水性能，,增强墙体抗冻性能,2.,type of mortar,（,砂浆分类）,(1)cement mortar,(,水泥砂浆,),(2)mixed mortar,(,混合砂浆,),(3)lime mortar,非水泥砂浆（石灰、粘土砂浆）,(4)mortar for concrete small hollow block,(,砌块专用砂浆,M,b,),即由水泥、砂、水以及根据需要掺入的掺合料,(mixture),和外加剂,(additives),等组分，按一定比例，采用机械拌合制成，用于砌筑,混凝土小型空心砌块的砂浆。其掺合料主要采用粉煤灰，外加剂,包括减水剂、早强剂、促凝剂、缓凝剂、防冻剂、颜料等。,15,为改善砂浆的和易性可加入石灰膏、电石膏、粉煤灰及粘土膏等无机材料的掺合料。,performance of mortar,(,砂浆的性能,),Strength,：,强度（边长,7.07cm,的立方体试块，养护至,28,天的强度）,flexibility,流动性：（和易性、可塑性,),砂浆稠度（标准锥体沉入深度）,moisture retention,保水性,砂浆的分层度评判,3.1.2 mortar,16,type,Plastic additive,塑性掺合料,moisture retention,和易保水性,Strength,强度,Durability,耐久性,water resistance,耐水性,Cement mortar,水泥砂浆,No,无,Poor,差,High,高,Better,好,Good,好,Mixed mortar,混合砂浆,Yes,有,Good,好,High,高,Good,较好,Poor,差,Building block mortar,专用砂浆,Yes,有,Good,好,High,高,Better,好,Poor,差,Lime mortar,非水泥砂浆,Yes,有,good,好,Low,低,Poor,差,No,无,Contrasting table of performance of mortar,砂,浆性能对照表,17,3.1.3 steel reinforcement,、,concrete and grout for concrete small hollow block,1.steel reinforcement,钢筋,2.concrete,混凝土,3.grout for concrete small hollow block,砌块,灌孔混凝土（灌浆）,灌浆,方法（高位、低位法）,(,图例,),砌块建筑灌注芯柱、孔洞的专用混凝土，即由水泥、集料、水以及根据需要掺入的掺合料和外加剂等组分，按一定比例，采用机械搅拌后，用于浇筑混凝土小型空心砌块砌体芯柱或其他需要填实孔洞部位的混凝土。,其掺合料亦主要采用粉煤灰，外加剂包括减水剂、早强剂、促凝剂、缓凝剂、膨胀剂等。,它,是一种高流动性和低收缩的细石混凝土,，是保证砌块建筑整体工作性能、抗震性能、承受局部荷载的重要施工配套材料,。,18,3.1.4 strength grade of masonry unit and mortar,块体和砂浆的强度等级,Symbols of strength grade,（强度分级符号）,：,MU-,strength grade of Masonry Unit,(,块体强度等级,),M-,strength grade of Mortar,(,砂浆强度等级,),M,b,-,strength grade of Mortar for concrete masonry block,(,砌筑混凝土小型空心砌块砂浆的强度等级,),C,b,-,strength grade of grout for concrete small hollow block,(,灌孔混凝土的强度等级,),19,strength grade of materials,materials,Grade of strength,块,体,Fired common block,Fired perforated block,MU30,MU25,MU20,MU15,MU10,Autoclaved sand-lime brick,Autoclaved,flyash,-lime brick,MU25,MU20,MU15,MU10,block,MU20,MU15,MU10,MU7.5,MU5,stone materials,MU100,MU80,MU60,MU50,MU40,MU30,MU20,mortar,M15,M10,M7.5,M5,M2.5（M 0）,grout for concrete small hollow block,C,b,20,C,b,25,C,b,30,C,b,35,C,b,40,C,b,45,C,b,50,、,C,b,55,和,C,b,60,注,：蒸压粉煤灰砖块体和掺有粉煤灰,15%,以上的混凝土砌块抗压强度应乘以自然碳化系数，无自然碳化系数时，可取人工碳化系数的,1.15,倍；施工阶段新砌筑的砌体强度可按砂浆强度为零确定其砌体强度；,3.1.4 strength grade of masonry unit and mortar,20,3.2 type of masonry structure,3.2.1,preface,3.2.2 unreinforced masonry structure,（无筋砌体）,3.2.3,reinforced masonry structure,（配筋砌体）,3.2.4 other masonry structure,（其他砌体形式）,21,3.2.1,preface,22,3.2.1 Preface,Type of masonry structures:,1.,unreinforced,masonry structure:,brick masonry structure,(,砖砌体,),block masonry structure,(,砌块砌体,),stone masonry structure,(,石砌体,),、,23,3.2.1 Preface,co,mposite walls of brick masonry with reinforced concrete,structural columns,（,砖砌体和钢筋混凝土构造柱组合墙,),reinforced concrete masonry shear wall,.(,配筋砌块砌体,）,2.reinforced masonry structure,：,(,砌体中配有钢筋或钢筋混凝土者称为配筋砌体,),steel mesh-reinforced masonry columns or walls,（,水平网状配筋砌体柱,或墙,),hybrid masonry columns or walls constructed of brick,masonry with reinforced concrete topping or reinforced,mortar topping,（,混凝土或钢筋砂浆面层组合砖墙或柱,）,24,3.2.1 Preface,3.other masonry structure:,cavity wall filled with insulation,(,夹心墙砌体,),prestressed,masonry structure,(,预应力砌体,),25,3.2.1,preface,objective of laying,（砌筑目的）,：,使块体均匀受力保证砌体的整体性，使竖缝填满达到保温效果,requirement of laying,（砌筑要求）,：,块体排列应横平竖直、上下错缝、内外相互搭接。,26,3.2.2 unreinforced masonry structure,1.Brick masonry structure,砖砌体,Method of laying,：,一顺一丁,梅花丁,三顺一丁,Gravity density:,common brick 18-19kN/m,3,For different hole rate the density is between 13-16.5kN/m,3,。,Construction requirement,施工严禁包心柱和不同强度等级砖块混用,(,图例,),Size of wall,：,240mm,（一砖）、,370mm,（一砖半）、,490mm,（二砖）、,620mm,（二砖半）,27,2.,block masonry structure(,砌块砌体,),（混凝土小型砌块、中型砌块，粉煤灰中型砌块）,砌筑应选用配套砌块先排块后施工。,墙体尺寸：,(,厚度,)190,、,200,、,240mm,承重墙或围护墙,3.,stone masonry structure,石砌体,因地制宜，在产石地区适用。,基础或挡土墙,3.2.2 unreinforced masonry structure,28,3.2.3,reinforced masonry structure,1.Reinfroced brick masonry structure,配筋砖,砌体,水平网状配筋砌体,混凝土或钢筋砂浆面层组合砖砌体,砖砌体和钢筋混凝土构造柱组合墙,在水平灰缝中配置钢筋网片,偏心距超限的砖砌体外侧配置纵向钢筋,在房屋墙体中设置间距不大于,4m,的构造柱,提高轴心抗压承载力,提高偏心抗压承载力,提高砖墙的承载力,29,Steel mesh-reinforced masonry columns,hybrid masonry columns,or walls constructed of,brick masonry with,reinforced concrete,topping or reinforced,mortar topping,Composite walls of brick masonry with reinforced concrete structural columns,increase the load-bearing capacity of axial compression,increase the load-bearing capacity of eccentric compression,increase the load-bearing capacity of masonry wall,3.2.3 reinforced masonry structure,30,2.3,配筋砌体,2.,Reinfroced,block masonry structure,配筋砌块砌体,31,3.2.4,other masonry structure,1.,prestressed,masonry,structure,(,预应力砌体,),（,提高抗裂性或满足变形要求）,2.,cavity wall filled with insulation,(,夹心墙砌体,),墙体内预留空腔内填充保温和隔热材料,3.,空斗墙砌体,32,3.3 mechanical performance of,masonry materials,3.3.1 compressive strength of masonry materials,砌体的受压性能,3.3.2 axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and,shear strength,砌体的抗拉、抗弯和抗剪性能,3.3.3 correction factor of design value of strength,33,3.3.1,Compressive performance of masonry materials,Compressive failure course of brick masonry,Size of characteristic specimens,(,标准试件尺寸,),：,370mm,490mm,970mm,Size of general specimens,(,常用尺寸,),：,240mm,370mm,720mm,three stages(,stage1,、,2,、,3,),34,3.3.1,Compressive performance of masonry materials,Compressive failure course of brick masonry,(,砖砌体的受压破坏过程,),relationship of compressive stress and strain,Strain of brick,：,0,=0.001-0.0015,u,=0.0011-0.0023,Strain of mortar,0,=0.0014-0.0021,u,=0.003,35,2.Analysis of compressive state of brick masonry,砖,砌体受压状态分析,(1)Compound stress,砌,体中的砖处于复合受力,状态；,(,图,1,),(2)Additional horizontal tension,砌,体中的砖受有附加水平,拉应力；,(,图,2,),Fig.1,Fig.2,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,36,(3)Stress concentrate,竖,向灰缝处存在,应力集中。,(,图,3,),compressive strength of the masonry is lower than that of the unit.,砌,体抗压强度低于块体材,料强度,Comparison of the compressive strength and elastic modulus of the brick,masonry material and mortar,(,砖、砌体、砂浆三者的抗压强度和弹性模量的比较,),Brick,masonry material,masonry material and mortar is uncertain,砌体可能大于，可能小于砂浆,Fig.3,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,37,3,、,main factors that affect the compressive strength of the masonry materials,(,影响,砌体抗压强度的,主要因素,),(1)mechanical performance of masonry unit(such as compressive strength,flexural strength and specification),(,块体,的物理力学性能（抗压、抗弯强度和块材规格）,(2)mechanical performance of mortar(such as strength,flexibility and moisture retention),砂浆,的物理力学性能（强度、和易性、保水性）,(3)laying quality and construction speed,砌筑,质量和施工速度（灰缝、含水率、速度）,(4)other factors,其他,因素,（,method of test,cured condition,试验,方法、养护,条件）,一般地，符合,砌体工程施工及验收规范,GB50203-98,要求,砌筑的砌体抗压强度都能达到,砌体结构设计,规范,GB50005-2001,要求。,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,38,4,、,compressive strength of masonry materials(,砖砌体的抗压强度取值,),Calculation formula of,Mean value of,compressive strength,of,the brick masonry(,砌体抗压强度平均值的计算公式,),：,Mean value of,compressive strength,of,the brick masonry is obtained,by axial compression test of the characteristic specimens,（,370mm490mm970mm,）,砖砌体的抗压强度是由标准试件经过轴心抗压试验得到的。,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,39,Calculation parameters of mean value of axial compressive strength for masonry materials,type,K,1,K,2,Fired common brick,Fired perforated brick,Autoclaved san-lime brick,Autoclaved,flyash,-lime brick,0.78,0.5,If,f,2,1 k,2,=0.6+0.4,f,2,Concrete block,0.46,0.9,If,f,2,=0 k,2,=0.8,Rubble ashlars,0.79,0.5,If,f,2,1 k,2,=0.6+0.4,f,2,rubble,0.22,0.5,If,f,2,10MPa,the strength should be multiplied by 1.1-0.01,f,2,for Mu20 block,strength should be multiplied by 0.95 and meantime,f,1,f,2,f,1,20MPa,40,Design value of compressive strength of masonry materials,(,砖砌体的抗压强度设计值,f,),where,，,f,partial safety coefficient,Control grade of construction quality is grade B,，,f,=1.6,；,grade C,，,f,=1.8,。,Relationship of mean value and characteristic value of compressive strength of masonry materials,(,砌,体强度的标准值与平均值的关系式,),:,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,41,Design values of the compressive strength with age 28d,When control grade of construction quality is grade B,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,42,3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,43,The design value of the compressive strength of concrete blocks with grout,(single-rowed holes are laid with non-staggered holes.),(,灌孔砌块砌体抗压强度设计值,),：,f,g,=,f,+0.6,f,c,f,g,the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit,with grout,f,g,2,f,f,c,the design value of the axial compressive strength of grout for concrete small hollow block(,混凝土的轴心抗压强度设计值,),f,the design value of the compressive strength of a masonry unit without grout,(,空心砌块砌体抗压强度设计值,),ratio of the area of,grout for concrete small hollow block to the gross area of a masonry unit in block masonry,(,截面面积和砌体截面面积的比值,),。,The strength grade of grout for concrete small hollow block masonry shall not be less than Cb20,，,and also not be less than 2 times of the strength grade of the masonry unit.,(,灌孔混凝土不低于,Cb20,，不宜低于两倍的块体强度等级,),3.3.1 Compressive performance of masonry materials,44,1.Bond strength of masonry unit(,砌,体的,粘结强度,),normal bond strength,(,法,向,粘结强度,),tangential bond strength,(,切,向,粘结强度,),3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength,(,砌体的抗拉、抗弯和抗剪性能,),45,2.Failure mode of masonry units subjected to axial tension,(,砌体的轴心受拉破坏形态）,Cracking along tooth joints,沿,齿缝截面破坏,Cracking along vertical joints,沿块体与竖向,灰缝截面破坏,Cracking along horizontal joints,(,沿通缝截面破坏不允许出现此种受拉模式,),计算中仅考虑水平灰缝的粘结强度，,仅考虑沿,齿缝截面,破坏的情况。,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength,(,砌体的抗拉、抗弯和抗剪性能,),46,3,、,flexural tensile strength(,砌,体的,抗弯,),Failure mode of masonry unit subjected to,moment,砌,体的弯曲受拉破坏形态,(,图例,),Cracking along tooth joints,（,沿,齿缝,截面破坏）,Cracking along vertical joints,（,沿,块体与竖向灰缝,截面破坏）,Cracking along through joints,（,沿,通缝,截面破坏,),考虑沿齿缝截面、沿通缝截面破坏的情况。,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength,47,4,、砌体纯剪破坏形态,：,Cracking along through joints,沿通缝截面破坏,Cracking along stepped cross-,section of mortar joints,沿阶梯形截面破坏,两种破坏抗剪强度相同,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile,strength and shear strength,48,5,、,the effect of normal compressive stress to the shear failure model of masonry unit,（法向压应力对砌体剪切破坏形态的影响）,法向应力与剪应力之比不同,(1),剪摩破坏,(2),剪压破坏,(3),斜压破坏,Factors affect the shear strength of masonry unit,(,影响砌体抗剪强度的因素,),：,(1)The strength of mortar and blocks,(2)Normal compressive stress,(3)Construction quality,（,灰缝饱满度,）,(4)Other factors,其他因素,（,shape of specimens and method of loading,试件形式、加载方式,）,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength,49,Mean value of axial tensile strength,Calculation parameters of mean value of axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength for masonry materials,Mean value of flexural tensile strength,Mean value of shear strength,type,K,3,K,4,along tooth joints,K,4,along through joints,K,5,Fired common brick,Fired perforated brick,0.141,0.250,0.125,0.125,Autoclaved san-lime brick,Autoclaved,flyash,-lime brick,0.09,0.18,0.09,0.09,Concrete block,0.069,0.081,0.056,0.069,rubble,0.075,0.113,-,0.188,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile strength and shear strength,50,3.3.2 Axial tensile strength,flexural tensile,strength and shear strength,51,单排孔且对孔砌筑的混凝土砌块，灌孔砌体的抗剪强度设计值,：,f,g,灌孔砌体的抗压强度设计值,注,:1,、,对于用形状规则的块体砌筑的砌体，当搭接长度与块体高度的比值小于,1,其轴心抗拉强度设计值,f,t,和弯曲抗拉强度设计值,f,tm,应按表中数值乘以搭接长度与块体高度比值后采用,；,2,、对孔洞率不大于,35%,的双排孔或多排孔轻骨料混凝土砌块砌体的抗剪强度设计值，可按表中混凝土砌块砌体抗剪强度设计值乘以,1.1;,3,、,对蒸压灰砂砖、蒸压粉煤灰砖砌体，当有可靠的试验数据时，表中强度设计值