英语语法专题课件.ppt

考点知识精讲,考点完全攻略,考 点 训 练,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,考点知识精讲,考 点 训 练,考 点 训 练,中考英语语法,专题课件,专题,1,名词,知识网络,考点一 名词的分类,考点二 名词的复数形式,1.,规则变化,构成方法,例词,在词尾加,-,s,girl,girls,pen,pens,以,s,，,x,，,ch,，,sh,结尾的名词后加,-,es,bus,buses,box,boxes,watch,watches,dish,dishes,以,f,或,fe,结尾的名词，变,f,，,fe,为,v,，再加,-,es,wife,wives,half,halves,shelf,shelves,thief,thieves,某些以,f,结尾的词，直接加,-,s,roof,roofs(,屋顶,),belief,beliefs(,信念,),以辅音字母,y,结尾的名词变,y,为,i,再加,-,es,city,cities,country,countries,family,families,party,parties,以元音字母,y,结尾的名词，直接加,-,s,boy,boys,day,days,续表,构成方法,例词,以,o,结尾的四个词,(,两菜、两人,),加,-,es,，其余的都加,-,s,potato,potatoes,tomato,tomatoes,hero,heroes,Negro,Negroes,zoo,zoos,photo,photos,2.,不规则变化,3.,复合名词的复数形式有两种,(1),将主体词变为复数，如：,sister,in,lawsisters,in,law,(,嫂子,),boy,classmateboy,classmates,构成方法,例词,形式不变,(,单复数同形,),sheep,sheep,deer,deer,Chinese,Chinese,Japanese,Japanese,变内部元音字母,foot,feet,tooth,teeth,goose,geese man,men,mouse,mice,词尾加,-,en/-ren,child,children,ox,oxen,(2),将复合词中两个词都变为复数，此种复合词中第一个词须是,man,或,woman,，如：,man,workermen,workers,woman,teacherwomen,teachers,4,特殊情况,(1),有些名词只有复数形式，如：,clothes,，,shorts,，,pants,，,scissors(,剪刀,),，,goods,，,glasses(,眼镜,),(2),有些名词以,s,结尾，但不是复数形式，如：,news,，,maths,，,physics,，,politics,(3),有些物质名词或抽象名词的单、复数形式表示不同的含义，如：,room(,空间,),a room(,房间,),work(,工作,),works(,著作,),(4),不可数名词的数量表达,不可数名词本身不可数，但可借助单位量词表示一定的数量，如：,a piece of bread/news/paper,一片面包,/,一则新闻,/,一张纸,还可用,much,，,little,，,a little,，,a large amount of,，,some,，,any,，,no,，,lots of,，,plenty of,等来修饰不可数名词，如：,much money,，,some milk,(5),数词名词形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词不能用复数形式而须用单数形式，如：,He is a,four,year,old,boy.,他是个,4,岁的男孩。,(,four,year,old,不能说成,four,years,old,),a,five,foot,deep,hole,一个五英尺深的洞,考点三 名词所有格,1,表示有生命的人或物的名词所有格形式，在此名词词尾加,s,，或直接加,。,(1),单数名词加,s,，如：,Marys book,(2),以,s,结尾的复数名词只加,，不以,s,结尾的复数名词要加,s,，如：,the three girls father,这三个女孩的父亲,the childrens presents,孩子们的礼物,(3),表示几个人共有，仅在最后一个人的名字后加,s,；表示各自所有时，需在各个名字后加,s,，如：,Mary and Janes car(,她俩人共有的车,),Marys and Janes cars(,她俩各自的车,),(4),表示店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地点时，名词所有格后面的名词习惯上省略。如：,the barbers,the barbers shop,理发店,to my aunts,to my aunts house,到我姑姑家,(5),有些指时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城镇等无生命的名词，也可以加,s,构成所有格。如：,a weeks time,一周的时间,Chinas population,中国的人口,2,表示无生命的东西的所有格形式：名词,of,所有者，如：,the name of the zoo,动物园的名字,3,双重所有格：即,of,s,或,of,名词性物主代词，如：,a book of my daughters,我女儿的一本书,The friend of his is very kind.,他的朋友非常友好。,考点四 名词的句法功能,名词在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语、表语、状语、定语等。,名词作定语，一般用单数形式。如：,girl students(,女学生,)paper flowers(,纸花,),名词作定语时，个别情况用复数形式。如：,sports meeting(,运动会,),名词,(,训练时间：,65,分钟分值：,66,分,),一、单项选择,(33,分,),1,(2011,山西,)Read the _,carefully.They,will help you know how to use the popper.,A,Instructions B,decisions C,results,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中的运用。,instruction,“,说明,”,；,decision,“,决定,”,；,result,“,结果,”,。由后句,“,它们会帮你知道如何使用这台爆米花机,”,可判断本句为,“,认真读说明,”,，故,instructions,符合句意。,【,答案,】A,2,(2011,河北,),Cici,enjoys,dancing.Its,one of her _.,A,prize,B,prizes,C,hobby,D,hobbies,【,解析,】,本题考查名词。,one of,后接名词的复数，表示,“,中的一个,”,，故排除,A,、,C,两项；,prize,“,奖品,”,，,hobby,“,爱好,”,，跳舞是一种爱好，故选,D,项。,【,答案,】D,3,(2011,天津,)For my homework I have to write,a(n,)_about the wonders of the world.,A,music B,picture,C,composition D,exam,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中的运用。,music,“,音乐,”,；,picture,“,图画,”,；,composition,“,作文,”,；,exam,“,考试,”,。,music,是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词,a/an,修饰，故排除,A,项；动词,write,不能和,picture,搭配，也应排除；家庭作业不可能是考试，,D,项也排除。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,4,(2011,哈尔滨,)Boys and girls,，,feeling peaceful is the first step to become _ in the,exam.So,please take a deep breath and calm down.,A,runners,B,winners,C,players,【,解析,】,本题考查名词在语境中的运用。,runner,“,跑步者,”,；,winner,“,获胜者,”,；,player,“,运动员,”,。在考试中应成为获胜者，故,winners,符合句意。,【,答案,】B,5,(2011,安徽,),I have great _ in learning math and Im so,worried.Could,you help me?,Sure.Id,be glad to.,A,trouble B,interest,C,joy D,fun,【,解析,】,本题考查名词的用法。,have trouble/difficulty/problems(in)doing,sth,.,“,做某事有困难,”,。,interest,“,兴趣,”,；,joy,“,高兴，欣赏,”,；,fun,“,乐趣,”,，均不符合题意。,【,答案,】A,6,(2011,南京,),Mrs,Black,could you give me some advice on how to write an application letter?,With,pleasure.Remember,that the letter should be written in the formal _.,A,value B,style C,effect D,mood,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,value,“,益处，价值,”,；,style,“,风格，文体,”,；,effect,“,影响，效果,”,；,mood,“,情绪，心情,”,。由语境知,“,写申请信应用正式文体,”,。,【,答案,】B,7,(2011,重庆,)Could you please get me some _,？,Im hungry.,A,apple B,water,C,bread D,egg,【,解析,】,本题考查名词的用法。由第二句,Im hungry.(,我饿了。,),知空格处需填,“,吃的东西,”,，故排除选项,B,；选项,A,、,D,均为可数名词，由题干中的,some,判断需用可数名词复数或不可数名词，故排除,A,、,D,两项。,bread,“,面包,”,，为不可数名词，符合题意。,【,答案,】C,8,(2011,武汉,),Im going to the,supermarket.Let,me get you some fruit.,OK.Thanks,for your _.,A,offer B,information,C,message D,order,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,offer,“,提供，提议,”,；,information,“,信息,”,；,message,“,口信,”,；,order,“,顺序，订货，命令,”,。句意为,“,我要去超市。让我为你买些水果吧。,”“,好吧，谢谢你的好意。,”,故选,A,。,【,答案,】A,9,(2011,上海,)These natural disasters have warned us that everyone should start to protect the _immediately.,A,amusement B,development,C,environment D,government,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,amusement,“,娱乐,”,；,development,“,发展,”,；,environment,“,环境,”,；,government,“,政府,”,。句意为,“,这些自然灾害已经告诫我们每个人应立刻开始保护环境。,”,【,答案,】C,10,(2011,黄冈,),Mrs.Wang,was sent to teach English in a poor mountain village last year.,She said she would never forget some pleasant _ while working there.,A,experiments B,expressions,C,experiences D,emotions,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,experiment,“,实验,”,；,expression,“,表达,”,；,experience,“,经历,”,；,emotion,“,感情,”,。空格所在句的句意为,“,她说她永远也不会忘记在那工作时的一些美好的经历。,”,故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,11,(2011,宁波,),Excuse me,where can I exchange _,？,Theres a bank on the second floor.,A,books,B,food,C,money,D,stamps,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。根据答语,“,Theres a bank on the second floor.(,在二楼有一家银行。,),”,可知，要兑换的是,“,钱,”,。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,12,(2011,扬州,),Im sorry I went out for a,smoke.I,was very tired.,Theres no _ for this while you are at work.,A,cause B,excuse,C,matter D,choice,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,cause,“,原因,”,；,excuse,“,理由，借口,”,；,matter,“,事情,”,；,choice,“,选择,”,。由空格所在句的句意,“,当你工作时这样做是没有理由的,”,知选,B,。,【,答案,】B,13,(2011,陕西,)John wants to be a _,，,so he often helps sick people in the hospital.,A,reporter B,doctor,C,scientist D,cook,【,解析,】,本题考查名词词义辨析。,reporter,“,记者,”,；,doctor,“,医生,”,；,scientist,“,科学家,”,；,cook,“,厨师,”,。由句意,“,因此他经常在医院里帮助病人,”,知约翰想成为一名医生，故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,14,(2011,内江,),I have trouble learning math this term.,You should pay more _to your teachers advice.,A,money,B,attention,C,time,【,解析,】,本题考查名词的用法。,pay attention to.,“,注意,”,，是固定短语，故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,15,(2011,盐城,)The two cities have reached an _to develop science and technology.,A,education,B,excitement,C,agreement,D,invention,【,解析,】,本题考查名词的用法。,reach an agreement,“,达成协议,”,，是固定搭配，故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,16,(2010,中考变式题,),Could you tell me something about the boy who helped you just now?,Sorry,I know nothing about,him.We,are_.,A,friends,B,neighbors,C,classmates,D,strangers,【,解析,】,由答语前面的,“,对不起，我不认识他,”,，可知这里是指,“,陌生人,”,。,【,答案,】D,17,(2010,中考变式题,)I dont think looking after children is just _ work.,A,woman,B,womans,C,women,D,womens,【,解析,】,句意为,“,我认为照看孩子不仅仅是女人的工作。,”,由句意可判断此处应用名词所有格，又因为,woman,的复数形式是,women,，故选,D,。,【,答案,】D,18,(2010,中考变式题,),Why are you still waiting in line?,Ive missed my _.,A,place,B,order,C,turn,D,time,【,解析,】,句意为,“,你为什么仍然在排队？,”“,我错过了我的一次机会了。,”,place,“,地方,”,；,order,“,顺序,”,；,turn,“,轮到的机会,”,；,time,“,时间,”,。通过句意可知，只有,C,项符合题意，故答案为,C,。,【,答案,】C,19,(2010,中考变式题,),I hear you have to run for half an hour every day.,Right.It,is one of the _ in my school.,A,choices B,plans C,hobbies D,rules,【,解析,】,句意为,“,我听说你每天必须跑步半小时。,”“,是的，这是我们学校的规则之一。,”,choices,“,选择,”,；,plans,“,计划,”,；,hobbies,“,爱好,”,；,rules,“,规则,”,。所以选择答案,D,。,【,答案,】D,20,(2010,中考变式题,)_ mothers cant go to the meeting,because they have gone to New York on business.,A,Alice and Lilys,B,Alices and Lilys,C,Alices and Lily,【,解析,】A,选项是指她们共同的母亲；,B,选项表示她们各自的母亲；,C,选项没有这种表达形式，首先排除。由后句的,they,可知，这里指的是她们各自的母亲，因此答案为,B,。,【,答案,】B,21,(2010,中考变式题,)Something is wrong with my _.I cant see anything around me.,A,nose,B,ears,C,eyes,D,mouth,【,解析,】,看不清周围的东西，故应该为眼睛有毛病。,【,答案,】C,22,(2010,中考变式题,),The land in the southwest of China is in great need of _.,Yes,it hasnt rained for a long time there.,A,milk,B,tea,C,coffee,D,water,【,解析,】,根据答语可知西南很需要水，故答案选,D,。,【,答案,】D,23,(2010,中考变式题,),How far is your home from school?,Its about two _ walk.,A,hours,B,hours,C,hours,【,解析,】,本题考查名词所有格的用法。两小时的路程表达是,“,two hours walk,”,，,hour,需要变复数后加,“,”,，故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,24,(2010,中考变式题,),Im not sure about the meaning of the word.,Youd better look it up in a _.,A,letter B,dictionary,C,postcard D,notice,【,解析,】letter,“,书信,”,；,dictionary,“,字典、词典,”,；,postcard,“,卡片,”,；,notice,“,布告,”,，根据题意,“,我不知道这个词语的意思。,”“,你最好查词典。,”,知答案选,B,。,【,答案,】B,25,(2010,中考变式题,),Whose computer doesnt work?,_,，,I think.,A,John has B,John does,C,John D,Johns,【,解析,】,句意为,“,谁的计算机出毛病啦？,”“,约翰的，我想。,”,故答语应用名词所有格形式，所以答案应选,D,。,【,答案,】D,26,(2012,中考预测题,),Oh,my God!We have missed the last,bus.What,shall we do?,Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi.,A,choice B,decision,C,reason D,idea,【,解析,】,“,have missed the last bus,”,和,“,but to take a taxi,”,可知是别无选择。句意是,“,哎，天啊，我们已经错过了最后一班车，我们应该怎么办呢？,”“,我想我们除了乘出租车别无选择了。,”,【,答案,】A,27,(2012,中考预测题,),Good morning,madam.Can,I help you?,Sure,Id like _,，,please.,A,two cups of coffees,B,two cup of coffees,C,two cups of coffee,D,two cup of coffee,【,解析,】coffee,是不可数名词，不能加,s,，排除,A,和,B,；两杯应是,two cups,，排除,D,。故选,C,。,【,答案,】C,28,(2012,中考预测题,),Do you know the young lady over there?,Yes.Shes,_ mother.,A,Lily and Lucy B,Lilys and Lucys,C,Lilys and Lucy D,Lily and Lucys,【,解析,】,根据空后的,mother,可知是两人共有的，两人共有某物时，只需要在后一个词后加,s,。句意是,“,你认识那儿的那个年轻女士吗？,”“,是的，她是莉莉和露西的妈妈。,”,【,答案,】D,29,(2012,中考预测题,)After walking for more than half an hour,we decided to take _ rest.,A,a few minutes B,a few minutes,C,a little minutes D,a little minutes,【,解析,】minute,是可数名词由,a few,来修饰且要用复数形式，名词以,s,结尾时，所有格直接加,。句意是,“,走了半个多小时后，我们决定休息几分钟。,”,故选,B,。,【,答案,】B,30,(2012,中考预测题,),Where are the_,？,They are playing_ basketball on the playground.,A,man teachers;the B,men teachers;the,C,man teachers;/D,men teachers;/,【,解析,】man,作定语时，两个名词都要变复数；球类运动的短语中，球类之前不可用冠词，故选,D,。句意是,“,男老师在哪儿？,”“,他们正在操场上打篮球。,”,【,答案,】D,31,(2012,中考预测题,)Betty has a,silk_.She,can sing very well.,A,voice,B,look,C,sound,D,noise,【,解析,】,根据,“,She can sing very well.,”,可知她的声音很好，人的声音用,voice,表示。句意是,“,贝蒂的声音好，她可以唱得非常好。,”,【,答案,】A,32,(2012,中考预测题,),Oh,there isnt enough_ for us on the bus.,No,hurry.Lets,wait for the next one.,A,floor B,ground,C,room D,place,【,解析,】,根据,on the bus,和答句可知是没有足够的空间够我们用了。句意是,“,哎呀，公共汽车上没有我们足够的空间了。,”“,别着急，让我们等下一趟吧。,”,【,答案,】C,33,(2012,中考预测题,)I saw many _ eating grass,on the hill.,A,horse B,cow C,deers,D,sheep,【,解析,】many,后跟名词复数，,A,，,B,都不是复数，,deer,和,sheep,单复数相同，故答案选,D,。,【,答案,】D,二、根据句意及所给汉语意思写出所缺单词,(15,分,),1,(2011,苏州,)The Great Wall of China is one of the _(,奇迹,)of the world.,【,解析,】,“,奇迹,”,为,wonder,，,one of,后接复数名词。,【,答案,】wonders,2,(2011,铜仁,)More and more _(,外国人,)come to visit China.,【,解析,】,“,外国人,”,为,foreigner,；,more,是,many,的比较级，后接名词的复数。,【,答案,】foreigners,3,(2011,烟台,)After three _(,星期,)holiday,we came back to work.,【,解析,】,本题考查名词所有格的用法。以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格在,s,后加,“,”,。,【,答案,】weeks,4,(2011,黄冈,)To our great _(,惊讶,),Tom failed to pass the graduation exam.,【,解析,】to ones surprise,“,使某人惊讶的是,”,。,【,答案,】surprise,5,(2011,宁波,)He cant see the blackboard clearly,so he needs a pair of _(,眼镜,),【,解析,】a pair of glasses,“,一副眼镜,”,。,【,答案,】glasses,6,(2011,扬州,)We should pay attention to our behavior and try to be good_(,公民,),【,解析,】,由主语,we,知，要填复数形式,citizens,。,【,答案,】citizens,7,(2011,兰州,)They have planted about five _(,千,)trees in and around the town in the past few years.,【,解析,】,英语中的,hundred,，,thousand,，,million,，,billion,等词如果前面有基数词修饰，一律用单数，故填原形,thousand,。,【,答案,】thousand,8,(2010,中考变式题,)The camera was one of the greatest _(,发明,)in the 19th century.,【,解析,】,根据空前的,“,one of the greatest,”,可知用名词的复数。句意是,“,照相机是十九世纪最伟大的发明之一。,”,【,答案,】inventions,9,(2010,中考变式题,)How many times do you brush your_(,牙齿,)every day?,【,解析,】tooth,的复数形式是,teeth,。,【,答案,】teeth,10,(2010,中考变式题,)Please tell me the_(,胜利者,)telephone,number.I,want to interview him.,【,解析,】,句意是,“,请告诉我胜利者的电话号码，我想采访他。,”,胜利者是,winner,，其所有格在其后加,s,。,【,答案,】winners,11,(2010,中考变式题,)There are many fresh_(,土豆,)in the supermarket.,【,解析,】,因句中有,many,many,后接名词的复数，,potato,的复数是,potatoes,。,【,答案,】potatoes,12,(2012,中考预测题,)Thank you very much for your_(,邀请,),But Im so sorry that I cant come to your party tomorrow.,【,解析,】,空白处前有,your,修饰，故要用名词形式，而,invite,的名词是,invitation,。,【,答案,】invitation,13,(2012,中考预测题,)Take a short rest after two_(,小时,)hard work,and you wont feel too tired.,【,解析,】,前面有,two,，所以应该用,hour,的复数形式,hours,的名词所有格。,【,答案,】hours,14,(2012,中考预测题,)Great_(,变化,)have taken place in our hometown.,【,解析,】,句中的谓语动词是,have taken place,，因此主语要用复数形式。,【,答案,】changes,15,(2012,中考预测题,)A powerful earthquake hit,Wenchuan,in _(,西南方,),Chinas Sichuan Province on May 12th.,【,解析,】,表示,“,偏方向,”,时，先说南北，再说东西，故西南方为,southwest,。,【,答案,】southwest,三、根据句意及所给首字母补全单词,(18,分,),1,(2011,芜湖,)A _is the fourth month of the year.,【,解析,】,一年的第四个月份是,April,。,【,答案,】April,2,(2011,铜仁,)My h_ is collecting,stamps.I,have collected thousands of stamps.,【,解析,】,集邮是一种爱好，故填,hobby,。,【,答案,】hobby,3,(2011,铜仁,)Mark Twain was born in the USA and English was his mother t _.,【,解析,】mother tongue,“,母语,”,。由句意,“,马克,吐温出生于美国，英语是他的母语。,”,可知答案。,【,答案,】tongue,4,(2011,成都,)My mother is a,nurse.She,works in a famous h _.,【,解析,】,由常识知护士工作的地点是医院。,【,答案,】hospital,5,(2011,桂林,)If you are in danger,remember to dial(,拨,)the telephone n _110 at once.,【,解析,】,句意为,“,如果你遇到危险，记住立刻拨电话号码,110,。,”,故填,number,。,【,答案,】number,6,(2011,桂林,),Do you know what the p_ of China is now?,Its over 1.3 billion.,【,解析,】,由答语知，上句是问现在中国的人口是多少，故填,population,。,【,答案,】population,7,(2010,中考变式题,)New Year is a traditional f_ for Chinese people.,【,解析,】,根据,New Year,和,traditional,可知是节日。句意是,“,新年对中国人来说是传统的节日。,”,【,答案,】festival,8,(2010,中考变式题,)Tomorrow is my cousins,birthday.Im,going to buy a g_ for her.,【,解析,】,根据,“,my cousins birthday,”,可知想买生日礼物。句意是,“,明天是我堂妹的生日，我将给她买一件礼物。,”,【,答案,】gift,9,(2010,中考变式题,)If theres something wrong with your teeth,，,youd better go to see a d_.,【,解析,】,根据,“,something wrong with your teeth,”,可知要看牙医。句意是,“,如果你的牙齿出毛病了，你最好去看牙医。,”,【,答案,】dentist,10,(2010,中考变式题,)W_ is the coldest season of the year.,【,解析,】,根据,“,the coldest season of the year,”,可知是,winter,。句意是,“,冬天是一年中最冷的季节。,”,【,答案,】Winter,11,(2010,中考变式题,)We dont go to the c_ much for movies because we have a video.,【,解析,】,根据,movies,可知是,cinema,。句意是,“,我们不经常去电影院看电影，因为我们有一个录像机。,”,【,答案,】cinema,12,(2010,中考变式题,)When summer comes,day becomes longer and n_ becomes shorter.,【,解析,】,谓语动词是第三人称单数形式，故主语要用单数。,【,答案,】night,13,(2012,中考预测题,)P_ are my,favourite,animals and they live only in China.,【,解析,】,谓语动词是,are,，因此主语用复数形式。,【,答案,】Pandas,14,(2012,中考预测题,)Would you like to see the movie with me?Ive got two t_.,【,解析,】,“,票,”,的英文单词为,ticket,，复数为,tickets,。,【,答案,】tickets,15,(2012,中考预测题,)Mary is such a shy girl that its hard for her to sing in p_.,【,解析,】in public,为固定词组，在公众场合。,【,答案,】public,16,(2012,中考预测题,)Bill wants to buy a new jacket because his old one is out of s_.,【,解析,】,根据句意可知是想买新的，是因为旧的过时了。,out of style,意为,“,过时,”,。句意是,“,比尔想买一件新夹克，因为他的旧的过时了。,”,【,答案,】style,17,(2012,中考预测题,)England is a country in E_.,【,解析,】,根据,a country,和地理知识可知英国是欧洲的一个国家。句意是,“,英国是欧洲的一个国家。,”,【,答案,】Europe,18,(2012,中考预测题,)Dont smoke,here.Look,at the,sign.It,says,“,No S_,”,【,解析,】,根据句意可知是别抽烟，,no,的后面要接名词或动名词，故用,smoking,。句意是,“,别抽烟。看那个标志牌。上面写着,禁止吸烟,。,”,【,答案,】Smoking,专题,2,冠词、数词,知识网络,冠,词,表