高中英语-Unit-13-People-Section-Ⅳ-Grammar-&-Writing-省公.pptx

栏目导引,知能演练,轻松闯关,写作指导,妙笔生花,语法精讲,专项突破,Unit 13 People,Section,Grammar&Writing,Unit 13 People,1/47,过去分词和情态动词,一、过去分词,分词是动词一个非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词作用，能够作定语、表语或状语等。分词有两种，一个是现在分词，一个是过去分词。,过去分词有两大特点：一是表示被动概念；二是表示已完成动作。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成份。过去分词在句中作某种成份时，其逻辑主语普通为该分词所表示动作承受者。,2/47,1,过去分词定语和表语功效,定,语,表示,“,完成,”,或,“,被动,”,boiled water开水fallen leaves落叶,the risen sun升起太阳,selected apples精选苹果,单个过去分词作定语时，普通放在被修饰词语之前，也能够放在被修饰词语之后,Hurry up！There is only a little time left.,快点儿！剩时间不多了。,His face wore a puzzled expression.,他脸上有一个迷惑表情。,3/47,定,语,过去分词短语作定语时，将分词短语放在被修饰词语之后，功效相当于一个定语,Near the window，there is a bookshelf filled with many books(which is filled with many books)窗户附近有一个装满书书架。,Her daughter，brought up by me(who was brought up by me)，has begun to work now.她由我带大女儿现在已经参加工作了。,4/47,定,语,不及物动词过去分词作定语且与其所修饰名词组成逻辑上动宾关系时，必须在该动词后面使用必要介词,He is the student laughed at by all the people just now.,他是刚才被全部些人嘲笑那个学生。,5/47,表,语,当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语状态或思想感情等,When we heard of it,，,we were deeply moved.,当听说这件事时,，,我们被深深地感动了。,He seemed quite delighted at the idea.,对于这个想法,，,他似乎很高兴。,6/47,表,语,过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一谈。过去分词作表语表示主语状态，而被动语态则表示被动动作,My glasses are broken.我眼镜碎了。(状态),My glasses were broken by my son.,我眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作),7/47,2.,过去分词或过去分词短语常作以下几个状语,分类,说明,举例,时间,状语,可用在时间状语从句中，也可在过去分词前加上连词when，while，until等，使其时间意义愈加明确,Seen from the hill，the park looks very beautiful.,When it is seen from the hill，the park looks very beautiful.,从山上看，这个公园非常漂亮。,8/47,分类,说明,举例,原因,状语,可用于原因状语从句或并列结构中,Touched by his teachers words，the boy cried.,The boy was touched by his teachers words，so he cried.,这个男孩是因为被老师话打动才哭。,条件,状语,可加连词,if,，,unless,等转换成条件状语从句,Given more time，we could do it much better.,If we were given more time，we could do it much better.,多给我们点儿时间，我们会做得愈加好。,9/47,分类,说明,举例,让步,状语,有时可加,although,，,though,，,even if,，,even though,，,whether.or,等连词转换成让步状语从句,Warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.,Though they had been warned of the storm，the farmers were still working in the fields.,即使农民们已被通知有暴风雨，但他们依然在地里干活。,10/47,分类,说明,举例,方式、,伴随,状语,加,and,可转换成并列结构,The teacher entered the classroom，followed by a group of his students.,The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of his students.老师走进教室，后面跟着一群他学生。,11/47,3.,独立主格结构,(1),分词短语作状语时，它逻辑主语通常与句子主语一致。假如主句主语不是分词逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语分词结构属于独立主格结构。,(2),在独立主格结构中，当分词逻辑主语与该动词为主动关系，则分词用现在分词；当分词逻辑主语与该动词为被动关系，则分词用过去分词。,12/47,Many things compared with you,，,I still have a long way to go.,许多东西跟你比起来，我还差得很远呢。,Time permitting,we will go to the seaside.,时间允许话，我们就去海边。,13/47,14/47,15/47,情态动词,must,表推测时,，,应依据句子详细时态来完成其反意疑问句。,Tom must be sleeping now,，,isnt he?,汤姆现在一定在睡觉，对吗？,From his accent,，,he must come from Guangdong,，,doesnt he?,从他口音判断，他必定来自广东，对吗？,They must have arrived in London last week,，,didnt they?,他们上周一定抵达伦敦了，对吗？,He must have finished his homework by now,，,hasnt he?,他现在必定已经完成家庭作业了，对吗？,16/47,17/47,18/47,19/47,在否定推测中用,cant,或,couldnt,，,can,t have done,和,couldnt have done,在时间上没有区分,，,只是语气上有差异。,5,几组表推测情态动词使用方法,“,情态动词完成式,”,是历年高考热点，在学习这类使用方法时，既需要掌握这一结构基本使用方法，又必须仔细体会题干所提供语言信息，准确了解语言环境和说话人含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予暗示。,20/47,(1)must have done,表示对已经发生事情推测，意为,“,一定，想必,”,，句子中表示是一个必定推测。这种结构普通只用于必定句，其否定形式是,cant/couldnt have done,，表示,“,不可能，必定不会,”,。,He didn,t hear the phone.He must have been asleep.,他没有听到电话响。他必定是已经睡着了。,He must have been to Shanghai.,他一定去过上海。,They cant have gone out,，,because the light is on.,他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。,21/47,(2)can/could have done,表示对过去时间内可能发生事情猜测，,can have done,普通只用于否定句和疑问句；,could have done,还能够用于必定句，惯用来表示原来可能完成而实际未完成动作。,He cant have finished the work so soon.,这项工作他不可能完成得这么快。,22/47,We could have walked to the station,，,because it was so near.,我们原来是能够走到车站去，因为路很近。,There were already five people in the car,，,but they managed to take me as well.,车内早已经有五个人了，可他们还是设法把我也拉上了。,It couldnt have been a comfortable journey.,那不大可能是次舒适旅行。,(,推测过去，把握较大,),23/47,(3)may/might have done,表示对已经发生事情不太必定推测，意为,“,可能已经，或许已经,”,。而虚拟使用方法表示本能够做，但却没做,(,表示很委屈责备,),。,If we had taken the other road,，,we might have arrived earlier.,假如我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。,He can speak English very fluently.He may have studied English abroad.,他能讲非常流利英语。他可能在国外学习过英语。,(,推测过去，把握不太大,),24/47,(4)should/ought to have done,指本该做而实际未做，意为,“,原来应该,”,。其否定式,shouldnt/oughtnt to have done,则表示某种行为不该发生但发生了，含有责备或后悔之意。,You should have started earlier,，,but you didn,t.,你本应该早一点出发，不过你没有。,We shouldnt have waited for her because she never came.,我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。,25/47,(5)would have done,表示本想做,(,但没做,),；,wouldnt have done,表示本不想做,(,但做了,),。惯用于虚拟条件句或含虚拟条件引导虚拟语气句，表示对过去所发生事情结果假设。,I would have helped you,，,but I was too busy.,我本想帮你，但我太忙了。,在将带有情态动词表示推测陈说句变成反意疑问句时,，,后面附加疑问句普通不再使用情态动词,，,而要依据句子时态以及陈说句中时间状语,，,正确选取助动词。,26/47,You must have watched that football match last night,，,didnt you?,你昨晚一定看那场足球赛了，是吗？,(,陈说句后有详细时间状语,last night,，因而反意疑问句用,didnt you),You must have finished your homework,，,havent you?,你一定已经完成你家庭作业了，是吗？,(,陈说句后没有详细时间状语，反意疑问句用,havent you),27/47,1,He found his phone _,(disconnect)as he didn,t pay his bill.,2,Have you noticed classical music usually _,(play)by TV commercials for luxury cars?,disconnected,played,单句语法填空,28/47,3,The car turned away,，,_,(head)for the countryside.,4,_,(recognize)as a man of many talents,，,the young man has a promising future.,5,The old man looked very pleased to see his apartment beautifully _,(decorate),heading,Recognized,decorated,29/47,6,Ways must be found to deal with the constant noise _,(cause)serious health problems.,7,Can those _,(seat)at the back of the classroom hear me?,8,We must have our windows _,(repair)before winter comes,，,or we,ll freeze.,9,_,(shock)at the terrible working conditions,，,we decided to quit the job.,10,The flight _,(delay)by the storm is for Xiamen.,causing,seated,repaired,Shocked,delayed,30/47,单句改错,1,You should have helped him out,but you haven,t.,_,2,She looks so happy.She need have passed the driving test._,3,When she was very young,she can ride a bike._,4,I have to go now.My mother must waiting for me._,5,She was very angry.She must known the whole truth._,haven,t,didn,t,need,must,can,could,must,后加,be,must,后加,have,31/47,完成句子,1,此事必定是他干，因为房间里没有他人。,He _it,，,for there was no one else in the room.,2,事故可能会发生在醉酒司机身上。,Accidents _any drunken drivers.,3,汤姆没来，他可能是病了。,Tom is absent.He _,4,她通常起得很早，她不可能错过汽车。,She usually gets up very early.She _the bus.,must,have,done,can,happen,to,may,be,ill,can,t,miss,32/47,5,电脑不工作了，必定是出毛病了。,The computer doesnt work.There _something wrong with it.,6,灯亮着，我们昨晚一定是忘了关了。,The light is on.We _to turn it off last night.,7,约翰看上去极难过，他可能没有经过考试。,John looks so sad.He _the exam.,must,be,must,have,forgotten,may/might,not,have,passed,33/47,8,他不可能在宿舍里睡觉，我刚才看见他了。,He _in the dormitory.I saw him just now.,9,昨天你没必要向他道歉。,You _yesterday.,10,他现在应该是在准备，,20,分钟后他就要考试了。,He _now.He is taking the exam in 20 minutes.,can,t,be,sleeping,needn,t,have,apologized,to,him,ought,to,be,preparing,34/47,怎样描写人物,文体感知,一篇人物描写记叙文，应注意以下几个方面问题：,1,交代清楚人物,(who/whom),、时间,(when),、地点,(where),、事由,(what),等简明背景情况。,35/47,2,层次条理、分明。记叙时，要有开头段、主体段及结尾段。人物描写通常从人物面貌、性格、行为等特点入手，在描写时要将最有意义、最能表现人物思想性格行动作为写作素材，写出特色和个性。,3,注意时态。通常事件发生时间是确定时态关键。叙述经常性事情时，以普通现在时为主；讲述过去事件和行为时，以普通过去时为主。,4,人物描写种类：,人物外貌描写；,语言行动描写；,心理活动描写；,贡献和成就介绍。,5,人物描写主要内容：,集中各主要人物描写，记叙人物碰到事情及对人物影响。,36/47,6,人物描写方法：,抓住人物显著特征，依据需要能够包含身材、头发、脸形、皮肤、衣着、年纪等，但也不需要面面俱到；有时候依据需要，也能够描写人物个性、习惯、行为、职业、兴趣或经历等。,7,人物描写应注意以下几点：,(1),明确描写目标，描写只起修饰作用；,(2),围绕主题，选好描写细节；,(3),抓住人物特点，努力利用生动形象语言，注意动词、形容词、副词等变换，同义表示利用等；,(4),充分发挥联想能力，恰当地利用修辞方法。,37/47,增分佳句,1,Charle Chaplin is considered.,2,He was born.,3,At the age of.,he.,4,As early as.,，,.,5,He had.hair and.eyes.,6,Joe Hill was a.man.,38/47,7,She was a young woman who.,8,He became famous for.,9,We regard.as our model.,10,People spoke highly of her and all respected her.,11,She is fond of.,12,He was interested in,39/47,写作要求,依据以下提醒，写一篇介绍艾丽丝,门罗文章，要求词数,100,左右。,姓名,出生日期,出生地,身份,荣誉,艾丽丝,门罗,1931,年,7,月,10,日,加拿大,作家,诺贝尔文学奖,诺贝尔文学奖被授予加拿大女作家艾丽丝门罗(Alice Munro)“当代短篇文学小说大师”，诺贝尔文学奖史上第13位女性获奖者。她曾取得布克国际奖(Man Booker International Prize)，三次取得加拿大总督文学奖(Governor Generals Literary Awards)。至她共创作了11部短篇小说集和1部类似故事集长篇小说，如你认为你是谁啊？(Who Do You Think You Are？)和高兴影子之舞(Dance of the Happy Shades)。门罗写大部分都是女人平凡生活。,40/47,审题谋篇,项目,结论,体裁,记叙文,话题,介绍门罗生平,时态,以普经过去时为主,人称,以第三人称为主,41/47,词句推敲,1,词汇,出生于,_,赢得,年诺贝尔文学奖,_,三次,_,短篇小说集,_,比如,_,与,相比,_,win,the,Nobel,Prize,in,Literature,be,born,on/in,three,times,collections,of,short,stories,such,as,be,compared,to,42/47,2,句式,加拿大女作家艾丽丝,门罗,“,当代短篇文学小说大师,”,，荣获,年诺贝尔文学奖，她出生于,1931,年,7,月,10,日。,普通表示：,Canada,s woman writer Alice Munro won the Nobel Prize in Literature.She was called,“,master of the contemporary short story of literature,”,and she was born on July 10th,，,1931.,高级表示：,(,使用定语从句,),_,Canada,s,woman,writer,Alice,Munro,，,called,“,master,of,the,contemporary,short,story,of,literature,”,，,who,was,born,on,July,10th,，,1931,，,won,the,Nobel,Prize,in,Literature.,43/47,至,年她共创作,11,部短篇小说集和,1,部类似故事集长篇小说，如你认为你是谁啊？和高兴影子之舞。,普通表示：,She wrote eleven collections of short stories and one novel similar to a collection of stories.She wrote,Who,Do,You,Think,You,Are?,and,Dance,of,the,Happy,Shades,.,高级表示：,(,使用,in all,，,such as,连接句子,),_,In,all,，,she,wrote,eleven,collections,of,short,stories,and,one,novel,similar,to,a,collection,of,stories,，,such,as,Who,Do,You,Think,You,Are?,And,Dance,of,the,Happy,Shades,.,44/47,她是第一位加拿大籍荣获文学奖作家，被比作俄罗斯,Anton Chekhov,。,普通表示：,She,s the first Canadian,based writer to win the literature award.She was compared to Russian Anton Chekhov.,高级表示：,(,使用定语从句,),_,She,s,the,first,Canadian,based,writer,to,win,the,literature,award,，,who,was,compared,to Russian,Anton,Chekhov.,45/47,妙笔成篇,_,One possible version,：,Alice Munro,Canada,s woman writer Alice Munro,，,called,“,master of the contemporary short story of literature,”，,who was born on July 10th,，,1931,，,won the Nobel Prize in Literature.Munro is the 13th woman to receive the prize.,She has won Canada,s Governor General,s Literary Award three times.What,s more,，,she was granted the Man Booker International Prize in.,46/47,_,In all,，,she wrote eleven collections of short stories and one novel similar to a collection of stories,，,such as,Who,Do,You,Think,You,Are?,and,Dance,of,the,Happy,Shades,.Most of the works that she wrote are about the usual life of women.,She,s the first Canadian,based writer to win the literature award,，,who was compared to Russian Anton Chekhov.,47/47,