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,七、定语从句,1/48,考点1 5组易混关系代词使用方法辨析,1.只用that不用which情况,(1)先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。,*All that you need to do is focus on one thing.,2/48,(2)先行词被the only,any,few,no,very等修饰时。,*Australia is the,only,country,that,is also a continent.,(3)先行词是形容词最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。,*This is the,most interesting,film,that,Ive ever seen.,(4)先行词为人、物并用时。,*Do you know the,things and persons that,they are talking about?,3/48,(5)主句主语是疑问词who或which时。,*,Which,is the bike,that,you lost?,(6)先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。,*Shandong is no longer the province,that,it used to be.,4/48,2.只用which不用that情况,(1)关系代词前有介词时。,*Is this the house,in which,Shakespeare was born?,(2)引导非限制性定语从句时。,*Before people retire,they usually plan to do a lot of great things,which,they never had time to do while working.,5/48,(3)先行词为that/those时。,*Whats,that which,was put in the car?,(4)which用作定语时。,*He may be late,in,which,case we ought to wait for him.,6/48,3.the same.as与the same.that,the same.as表示相同或同类东西;the same.that表示同一人或物,This is,the same,book,as,he lent me last week.,这与他上星期借给我那本书属于同一类。,This is,the same,book,that,he lent me last week.,这是他上星期借给我那本书。,7/48,4.such/so.as与such/so.that,such/so.as(定语从句)像那样(as在从句中作主语、宾语等);such/so.that(状语从句)如此以至于(that在从句中不作任何成份),This is,such,an easy question,as,I can answer.,This is,such,an easy question,that,I can answer it.,8/48,5.as与which,(1)as引导非限制性定语从句既能够放在主句前,也能够放在主句后,有时还可插入主句中。which引导非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后。,(2)as意为“正如”,后面谓语动词多用see,know,expect,say,mention,report等;which意为“这一点”或“这件事”等。,9/48,Need for Speed,is a very successful film,as,is known to all.,The sports meeting was put off,which,astonished us.,10/48,【典例剖析】,用适当关系词填空,(安徽高考)The exact year_Angela and her family spent together in China was.,11/48,解题关键:本题先行词为year,考生首先会想到when。但当先行词为时间、地点名词时,用关系副词还是关系代词取决于该词在定语从句中充当什么句子成份。本题定语从句中谓语动词spent为及物动词,故从句中缺乏宾语,关系词代替先行词作其宾语。,答案判定:which/that,12/48,【高考题组】,用适当关系词填空/改错,1.(全国卷)Maybe you have a habit _,is driving your family crazy.,2.(全国卷)The citys“psychology cafes”,_,offer great comfort,are among the most popular places.,3.(全国卷)Trust is a learned behavior _,we gain from past experiences.,that/which,which,that/which,13/48,4.(全国卷)Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.(改错),_,that改为which,14/48,考点2 关系代词who,whom,whose,1.who和whom使用方法,(1)先行词为one,ones,anyone,those指代人时或表示人名词时。,*The person I want to talk about with you is Tu Youyou,the one,who,won the Nobel Prize for medicine in.,15/48,(2)在There be结构中,修饰主语定语从句宜用关系代词who指代人。,*Theres a gentleman,who,wants to see you.,(3)一个句子中带有两个修饰人定语从句,其中一个定语从句关系代词是that,另一个宜用who以防止重复。,*The student that was praised at yesterdays meeting is the monitor,who,is very modest and works very hard.,16/48,(4)当关系代词前面有介词时,只能用whom,whom在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前组成介词+whom(先行词指人)结构。,*The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom,left their village homes for a better life in the city.,17/48,2.whose使用方法,whose指人或物,作定语,表示“”,可转换为“of+关系代词”,指人时可用of whom;指物时可用of which。,*The prize will go to the writer,whose,story/,of,whom,the story shows the most imagination.,18/48,【点津】,关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词人称和数要和先行词保持一致。,*Tom is the only,one,of the engineers who,has come up,with the solution.,19/48,【典例剖析】,用适当关系词填空,(全国卷)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,_lived from roughly551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the development of chopsticks.,20/48,解题关键:该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词是Confucius,定语从句中缺乏主语,应用who引导定语从句。,答案判定:who,21/48,【高考题组】,用适当关系词填空,1.(北京高考)I live next door to a couple _,children often make a lot of noise.,2.(全国卷)This year,25,310 students _,have accepted places in higher education institutions,have put off their entry until next year.,whose,who,22/48,3.(全国卷)Students _ take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with,and complete,their chosen course.,4.(陕西高考)A salesman _ is not punctual may not make a sale if he arrives late for an appointment.,who,who,23/48,考点3 关系副词when,where,why,1.when使用方法,先行词为“时间名词”,可用when引导定语从句,when在定语从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。,*The days are gone,when,physical strength was all you needed to make a living.,24/48,2.where使用方法,(1)先行词是“地点名词”,定语从句可用where引导,where在从句中作状语,也可用“介词+which”结构代替。,*The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading,and places,where,you can sit and work with your own computer.,25/48,(2)假如定语从句修饰point,situation,position,condition和case等表示抽象意义词,惯用where引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺乏状语)。,*You reach a point,where,medicine cant help.,26/48,3.why使用方法,先行词是表示原因名词reason时,能够用why引导定语从句,why在定语从句中作原因状语,也可用for which替换。能够把此时句子切记为一个固定句型,即The reason why.is/was that.,意为“原因是”。,27/48,*The reason,why/for which,he didnt attend the meeting was that he was ill.,28/48,【点津】,(1)选择关系代词或关系副词标准:在选择关系词时,最主要是分析定语从句中所缺成份。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系代词;若从句中不缺主语、宾语、定语或表语,必须用关系副词。,29/48,*This is the mountain village,that/which,I visited last year.(关系词在从句中作宾语),*I will never forget the day,when,my father returned from America.(关系词在从句中作状语),30/48,(2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词,且后面定语从句缺方式状语时能够用that或in which引导,也能够省略关系词。假如后面定语从句中缺乏宾语,要用that或which引导,也能够省略关系词。,*I dont like the way,that/in which/不填,he speaks to his mother.,31/48,【典例剖析】,用适当关系词填空,(全国卷)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,_I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.,32/48,解题关键:此处表示当初我是第一个西方记者,依据句子结构可知,本句是一个非限制性定语从句,其先行词为mid-1980s,故应该使用when表示时间。,答案判定:when,33/48,【高考题组】,用适当关系词填空,1.(天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,_ the weather may be better.,2.(湖北高考)The reason _ the ponies here are naughty is that Haytor is a tourist-heavy area.,when,why,34/48,3.(广东高考)When harvest came around,he was,already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the,market _ people from the towns met regularly.,4.(全国卷)The hardwood forests _,passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by,Americans need for wood.,where,where,35/48,考点4介词+关系代词6个考查点,1.考查定语从句中动词与介词搭配,*Wind power is an ancient source of energy,to which,we may return in the near future.,2.考查定语从句中形容词与介词搭配习惯,*He referred me to some reference books,with,which I,am,not very,familiar,.,36/48,3.考查依据句意或者先行词与介词搭配习惯确定介词,*I am looking for my glasses,without which,I cant watch TV clearly.,37/48,4.考查表示所属关系of which/whom,*She showed the visitors around the museum,the construction of,which/whose construction,had taken more than three years.,注意:the+,n.,+of which(whom)可与whose+,n.,交换。,38/48,5.考查表示整体与部分关系of which/whom,*The buses,most of which,were already full,were surrounded by the angry crowd.,6.考查表示同位关系of which/whom,*She brought with her three friends,none of whom,I had ever met before.,39/48,【点津】,选择介词3个标准:,依据句子意思表示需要;依据从句中动词或形容词与介词搭配习惯;依据先行词和介词搭配习惯。,40/48,【辨析】,定语从句与几个句式和从句区分,与并列句区分,假如两个句子之间是分号,或有and,but,so等连接词,则这两个句子为并列句;假如两个句子之间是逗号,且没有上述连接词,则这两个句子之间就是主从关系,须有一个引导词引导定语从句,与强调句型区分,判断强调句型关键在于把强调结构“It is/was.that/who.”去掉后,主句意思和结构是完整,41/48,与状语从句区分,状语从句通常没有先行词,整个从句在复合句中作时间、地点或原因等状语,而定语从句是对先行词起修饰限定作用,42/48,与同位语从句区分,定语从句对先行词起修饰、限定作用;而同位语从句对先行词起解释、说明作用;引导词that在从句中作用不一样:在定语从句中,that既起连接作用,又在定语从句中充当句子成份,如主语、宾语等;而在同位语从句中,that只起连接作用,不充当句子成份,(1)The news(that)they told me made me excited.(定语从句),(2)The news that our team won the match made me excited.(同位语从句),43/48,【典例剖析】,完成句子,(浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of _ has been proved.,44/48,解题关键:该句为非限制性定语从句,先行词为theories,指物,而关系代词放在介词of之后,应用which引导非限制性定语从句。,答案判定:which,45/48,【高考题组】,用适当关系词填空,1.(全国卷)September 30 is the day by _ you must pay your bill.,2.(浙江高考)The children,all of _ had played the whole day long,were worn out.,3.(辽宁高考)He may win the competition,in _ case he is likely to get into the national team.,which,whom,which,46/48,4.(四川高考)In our class there are 46 students,of,_ half wear glasses.,whom,47/48,48/48,
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