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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Passive and active in translation,主动与被动句翻译,1/19,对比英汉两种语言，英语中被动句显然要多于汉语，假如要指出实施者来，英语表示方式就是在谓语结构后面加一个由,by,引导短语。而在汉语中，我们即使能够用“被”,字来表示被动，但在更多情况下，我们并不在意主语与谓语关系。普通都会采取主动形式。,所以，在英译汉中，我们通常将英语中被动结构译为汉语主动句。,1.introduction,2/19,如：Jack was asked to be there on time by them,直译意思是“杰克被他们要求按时到场。”但按照汉语习惯，我们表示“被动”主要形式就是受事施事化所以，我们将它翻译成“,他们要求杰克按时到场,。”,3/19,2.英语被动句句式形式,1.在英语中使用被动语态情况：,A.施事者未知或者不需要,The murderer was caught yesterday.,凶手已于昨天被捕。,Visitors are requested to wait.,宾客请等候。,New factories are being built all over the country.,全国各地都在兴建工厂。,4/19,B.主语在上下文中提到过，能够不言而明,Your suggestion has been noted.,你提议已经得到注意。,C.施事不如受事主要，或者后者需要强调,At the tea party，only tea and cake were served.,茶会上只供给茶和饼。,5/19,D：英语重视形合，重视句子结构和表示形式，当主动不便于表示往往采取被动。,John loved Mary and was loved in return.,约翰爱玛丽，而她也爱约翰。,E:,防止频繁变更主语时。,We should respect others first，and then will be respected by others,我们应该首先尊重他人，才会得到他人尊重。,F:,出于语体需要。如很多科技文体，或者新闻文体中常出现被动句。,A new international committee was formed on June 1.(新闻语体),一个新国际委员会于6月1日成立。,6/19,2.在汉语中被动语态使用情况,A.传统上“被”含有“遭受”意思。,有时候对于主语而言是不期望发生事情。如被捕be arrested，被杀be killed，被俘be captured等。,另外还有遭、受、挨、让、获、蒙受、叫、由、为所等等结构表示被动。,如:“为家庭环境所迫”be forced by family circumstance,“被花言巧语所陶醉”she is intoxicated with sweet words,7/19,B.汉语惯用主动形式表示被动意义：,It was done.这件事情已经做了。,It was well done.这件事情做得很好。,It was poorly done.这件事情做得不好。,The problem has been solved.问题处理了。,The meeting was postponed.会议延期了。,The difficulties can be overcome.困难能够克服。,The questions should be discussed问题应该讨论。,A map was hung on the wall.地图挂在墙上。,Sofas were placed in the sitting room.沙发摆在客厅里。,8/19,3.英语被动句译法,（一）译成汉语主动句：,1.保留原主语，译成,“是”,句型或者补充,“加以”“给予”,等,P126,Radium was discovered in 1898.,镭是1898年发觉。,The rate of the speed of an object is given in units of length and time.,物体运动速率是用长度和时间单位来表示。,9/19,It must be dealt with at the appropriate time.,这必须在适当时候给予处理。,Whenever two objects are rubbed together,electrons are transferred from one object to the other.,当两个物体在一起摩擦时，电子便从一个物体转到另一个物体。,10/19,1.The plan will be examined by a special committee first.,2.This question will be discussed in the next chapter.,3.No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.,这计划将由一个尤其委员会加以研究。,这个问题将在下一章加以讨论。,本阅览室任何参考书都不得私自带出。,11/19,(二).保留原主语，改变说法。,Some are deceived,into thinking that people like to store up energy,to rest and save themselves as much as possible.,有些人误认为,人们喜欢积蓄精力，喜欢休息，喜欢尽可能褒扬自己。,These brokers are paid commissions,by the buyers and the sellers for executing the orders.,这些经纪人按买家和卖家嘱咐进行交易，,从中收取佣金,。,They will be deprived of,their liberty if they take the smallest step.,他们只要采取一点行动，都会,失去他们自由,。,They are paid,for this.,他们拿钱就是干这个。,The ceremony was cut short,by rain.,因为下雨，仪式简化了。,12/19,He prepared to be governed by the ideas of General Lee.,Would you like to be taught Spanish?,What China is doing today will be felt far and wide tomorrow.,他准备依据李将军意见行事。,你愿意学西班牙语吗？,中国今天进行事业将在今后产生深远影响。,13/19,3.将原句被动式动词转换成名词,The hall,is air-conditioned and beautifully lighted,.,大厅里有,空调设备,，,照明设计,也很美观,The electric current,is defined as,a stream of electrons flowing through a conductor.,电流定义是流经导体电子流。,Every year more and more TV sets are sold.,电视机销量逐年增加。,She was guided by the public good.,他把公共利益作为自己行为准则。,14/19,4.把主语转换成宾语,It is well known that the,compass,was invented in China more than two thousand years ago.,众所周知，中国在两千多年前就创造了,指南针。,During the visit,extensive,earnest and frank,discussions,were held between the two leaders.,访问期间，两位领导人进行了广泛，认真和坦率,讨论,。,15/19,5.增加泛指人称，如 有些人，人家，人们，大家，众人，我们等,It is now understood that atoms can be further divided into smaller particles.,现在人们知道，原子还能够深入分成更小粒子。,When asked how she felt,she said“I am having trouble breathing.”,有些人问他感觉怎样，他说我呼吸困难。,Not a voice,or hand or even an eye was raised.,没有些人敢吭声，没有些人敢举手，甚至没有些人敢抬一下眼皮。,Silver is known to be the best conductor.,大家知道，银是最好导体。,He has always been accused of indecisiveness.,人们经常指责他优柔寡断。,16/19,1.Voices are heard calling for help.,2.An interesting question was asked at the meeting.,3.He is believed to be honest.,4.With the development of network technology，information can be transmitted to wherever it is needed.,有些人听见呼救声音。,会上有些人提出了一个有趣问题。,大家认为他是老实。,伴随网络技术发展,人们能够把信息传输到需要它地方。,17/19,6.译成汉语无主句或者主语省略句，使用“把”“将”“使”等字P125,I have seen a small factory of this kind,where ten men were employed.,我见过这种小工厂，只雇十个人。,Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed on to me?,为何总是把这些麻烦事推给我呢？,Care should be taken to see that the letter is properly addressed.,注意信地址是否写对了。,These questions should not be confused.,不要把这些问题混在一起。,18/19,1.He was scolded for nothing,2.The whole country was armed in a few days,3.Electricity itself has been known to all for thousands of years.,4.Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.,5.I was so impressed by these words that I used them later for a Christmas card.,1.他平白无故地,挨,了骂。,2.几天之内全国武装起来了。,3.电,为人类所,知已经有几千年了。,4.我们对外政策,收到,全世界人民支持。,5.我,为这些话所深深所,深深感动，以后我把它们写在了圣诞贺卡上。,19/19,
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