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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,一、魔法导航,引人入胜开头(凤头)是写作成功保障,而回味无穷结尾(豹尾)能够为文,章锦上添花。所以,熟练掌握恰当开头和结尾方式对提升作文品质至关重,要。,(一)记叙文惯用开头和结尾法,惯用开头法,1.情景铺垫法:在文章开头先把人物、事件和环境交代清楚。,Last Tuesday,our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make dough,figurines.(北京),2.环境衬托法:在文章开头利用自然景物或社会环境引出要介绍事物或谈论,话题。,凤头豹尾,双管齐下,第1页,3.回想引题法:经过回想方法引入文章要表示主题。,I can well remember an incident that happened on a rainy Sunday afternoon.(201,4湖北),惯用结尾法,1.隐含式:用含蓄手法间接地表示作者情感或看法,让读者自己意会或思,索。,Grandpa and the children were very happy to see the bird flying away in the sky.,2.抒情式:直抒胸臆,表示自己看法或情感。,I,m confident that I,ll live up to the expectation of my future.(课标全国),3.点题式:总结全文,深入升华主题。,第2页,From this experience I have learnt that questioning can serve as a bridge that helps,us to seek the truth.(湖北),(二)说明文惯用开头和结尾法,惯用开头法,1.开篇点题法:在文章开头就点明文章要介绍事物。,This is my new magic schoolbag,which is different from the traditional one.Let,me introduce you its unique function.(湖南),2.问题引入法:在文章开头先用提问题方法引出文章包括内容。,What should people really do to encourage their kids to concentrate their time and,energy on studying lessons and doing well?,3.引用数据法:利用数据引出要说明问题或谈论主题。,第3页,More than 60%of the middle school students are short-sighted,a recent study,shows.,惯用结尾法,结论式:总结说明事物,深入说明其特征、影响、意义等。,In conclusion,the true friendship means a lot to me,which contributes to my re-,covery as well as helps me succeed in study.(山东),(三)议论文惯用开头和结尾法,惯用开头法,1.点明主旨法:提出一个观点或论据作为文章要阐述主题。,The person I would like to interview is Yang Liwei.(安徽),2.列举实例(现象)法:经过实例或现象引出要谈论话题。,第4页,The phenomenon of“My friend falls,I laugh;my phone falls,I cry.”sometimes,exists around us.(重庆),惯用结尾法,1.概括式:用一句或几句话概括全文内容,深入深化主题或强调作者观,点。,So,it,s safe to conclude that it is reasonable to include English which facilitates,daily communication.(江苏),2.引用式:引用格言、谚语或习语总结全文。,As a proverb goes,“Rome wasn,t built in a day.”Success is not easy,so what-,ever failures we experience,we should believe in ourselves and keep trying.(,福建),第5页,3.展望或呼吁式:在文章结尾表示对未来展望或期待,希望或呼吁人们投,入行动。,It,s everybody,s duty to observe the traffic rules to keep our society in order and,going on the right track.(江苏),第6页,二、学以致用,1.完美文章,依据文章内容给下面短文写一个恰当开头和结尾。,How to keep healthy,文章开头:,Here are some suggestions to help you keep healthy.To begin with,you ought to,keep up a good state of mind,which is of great benefit to reducing pressure and,fighting against diseases.In addition,it,s a good idea to keep a balanced diet,which,should include energy-giving foods and body-building foods.Last but not least,not only should you have enough sleep and rest,but you should also do exercise,regularly.In this way,you can build up your body as well as ensure you work well.,第7页,文章结尾:,答案,文章开头:With the improvement of living standards,more and more people are,paying attention to their health.,文章结尾:In conclusion,so long as you form good life habits and eat healthy,foods,you can live a healthy and happy life.,2.话题写作,本期话题文化交流,写作要求写出恰当文章开头和结尾。,请依据下面提醒,写一篇80词左右英语短文。,1.不一样文化背景人打招呼方式各不相同;,第8页,2.有拥抱,有握手,有时甚至引发误会;,3.为了更加好地交流,要了解一些不一样国家文化习俗;,4.身处异国时,我们要入乡随俗,不要给国家丢脸。,答案,One possible version:,第9页,Generally speaking,people from different cultures have different ways to greet,each other.When meeting each other,some hug,some shake hands,and some-,times they are likely to cause misunderstanding.Thus,in order to communicate,well with foreigners,we should learn something about culture and customs of dif-,ferent countries.What,s more,when abroad,we should keep in mind that we are,representing our country and try not to lose face.Just as the proverb goes,when in,Rome do as the Romans do.,第10页,三、美文赏读,(浙江),在班级活动中,当你想法与大多数同学不一致时,你是坚持自己观点并说,服他人,还是尊重大多数同学意见?请你以“When I Have a Different Opin-,ion”为题,用英语写一篇100 120个词短文。要求以下:,1.从以上两种做法中选择一个;,2.以详细事例阐述你选择理由。,注意:短文中,不得以任何形式透露地域、学校、同学姓名等真实信息。,第11页,答案,One possible version:,When I Have a Different Opinion,We may have different opinions in organizing class activities.When I have a dif-,ferent opinion,I may choose to give it up and respect the opinion of the majority.,我来试写,When I Have a Different Opinion,第12页,The main reason for my choice is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing,collectivism,I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.Once we,were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a park or go to a museum.I would,love to go to a museum,but most of my classmates wanted to go for a picnic.,Without hesitation,I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day.,Sometimes giving up a little can mean getting more.,【写作点评】,文章开头首先引出要谈论话题,然后接着表明了自己观点:当自己观点,和多数人不一样时,要尊重多数人观点。然后说明了自己这么做理由。文,章结尾深入点明了这么做好处。整篇文章结构清楚,开头简练,引人入胜;,结尾简短,回味无穷。,第13页,
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