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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第六章 连词和介词,第1页,第六章 连词和介词,第一节 连词,连词是一个虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成份，它只是起连接单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与句子作用。连词主要分为并列连词和隶属连词两大类。,考点一：并列连词,考点二：隶属连词,第2页,考点,一：并列连词,英语中由两个或两个以上独立分句组成句子叫并列句。,英语中并列句不能只用逗号将分句隔开，而应该加分号或并列连词将分句隔开。,按照用途分类，并列连词可表示并列、选择、转折、对比、因果等几类关系。,第3页,表示并列关系并列连词,and,连接并列分句,表示意义引申,分句间有着平行、因果、顺接、评论、对比或条件等关系。,如：,He is a teacher and his wife is a doctor.（,平行关系,）,Peter heard someone crying for help and he ran,out.（,因果关系,）,考点,一：并列连词,第4页,表示并列关系并列连词,He went into the restaurant and found a table by,the window.（,顺接关系,）,He missed the opening ceremony,and thats a,pity.（,评论关系,）,Tom likes singing and Jane likes dancing.（,对比关系,）,Work hard and youll make it.（,条件关系,）,=If you work hard,you will make it.,考点,一：并列连词,第5页,考点,一：并列连词,表示并列关系并列连词,在否定句中列举并列成份不用and，而用or。,如：,We cant eat or drink in the computer room.,There is no air or water on the Moon.,=There is no air and no water on the Moon.,3.“both and”（既又），“neither nor”（既不也不），as well as（和）以及“not only but also”（不但而且）既可连接两个名词或代词，也可连接谓语动词。,第6页,考点,一：并列连词,表示并列关系并列连词,注意,：,“both and”连接名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；,“not only but also”和“neither nor”连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上要与最靠近主语保持一致（就近标准），also有时能够省略；,as well as前后连接两个主语时，谓语动词在人称和数上与as well as前面主语一致。,如：,Bill is both a good cook and a good dancer.,第7页,考点,一：并列连词,表示并列关系并列连词,Both Peter and Tom are students.,Neither he nor I am going there.=Neither I nor he is going there.,Peter as well as me is a student.,Not only you but(also)he is a top student.=Not only he but(also)you are a top student.,第8页,考点,一：并列连词,表示选择关系并列连词,or（或者），“either or”（或者或者 /不是就是）等，在两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词形式在人称和数上要与最靠近主语保持一致（就近一致）。,如：,You may go or stay.,Either you or I am crazy.=Either I or you are crazy.,第9页,考点,一：并列连词,表示转折和对比关系并列连词,表示转折和对比关系词有or，but，yet和while。,but普通表示转折，指和上一分句情况相反；,yet表示转折，语气比but强烈；,while表示对比，语气并不很强。,第10页,考点,一：并列连词,表示转折和对比关系并列连词,如：,I must go now,or I will miss the last train.,I would like to go with you,but I cant.,He was not very rich,yet he was very happy.,He likes dancing while I like singing.,第11页,考点,一：并列连词,表示因果关系并列连词,for（因为，因为）表示补充说明理由，普通不用于句首；,so（所以）表示结果。如：,She felt no fear,for she is a brave girl.,I am tired,so I stayed at home.,第12页,即学即练,用and，but，or，while，for或so填空。,1.The dress fits me well,_ I dont want to buy it because its too expensive.,2.When you are learning English,use it,_ you will lose it.,3.It was snowing hard _ we had to stay at home.,4.He is short _ his brother is tall.,5.The shop is quite new,_ it has been open for a week.,6.He likes English _ he is good at it.,考点,一：并列连词,but,or,so,and,while,for,第13页,隶属连词用于状语从句中，用于引导从句，与主句一起组成主从复合句。,考点二：隶属连词,用途,连词,引导时间状语从句,when/while当时候,since自从以来,after在之后,before在之前,as soon as一就,until直到,引导条件状语从句,if假如（注意：当if 意为“是否”时引导宾语从句）,unless除非,引导原因状语从句,because因为 since既然,引导目标状语从句,in order that /so that 方便，以致,第14页,（续表）,注意以下隶属连词使用方法,until引导从句时，在必定句中，主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词，意为“一直到结束”；在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须为瞬间性动词，意为“直到才开始”。,如：,He waited until his mother came back.,考点二：隶属连词,用途,连词,引导结果状语从句,so that /such that 如此以至于,引导让步状语从句,though /although即使,引导比较状语从句,as as 像一样,第15页,He did not leave until his mother came back.,If（假如），unless（除非）和as soon as（尽快），when（当时候）等引导从句时，主句是未来时或含有情态动词或祈使句，从句用普通现在时表示未来。,如：,I will go if it doesnt rain tomorrow.,Call me when he comes back.,You shouldnt speak loudly in class unless you raise your hand to ask a question.,考点二：隶属连词,第16页,when 和while 都有“当时候”意思，但while 引导时间状语从句中谓语动词必须用表示状态延续性动词，而when 不受此影响。,如：,Please buy me some stamps while you are in the post office.,“as as ”意为“像一样”，引导比较状语从句，结构中要用形容词或副词原级。,如：,He can run as fast as his brother.,考点二：隶属连词,第17页,although /though和but，because 和so 不能出现在同一个句子中，但although和 yet 能够。,如：,Though it is raining,they are still working in the field.,Because he got up late,he was late for school.,“so that”与“such that ”引导结果状语从句，要注意主句和从句时态要一致。,考点二：隶属连词,第18页,so+形容词+a /an+单数名词+that,such+a /an+形容词+单数名词+that,such+形容词+复数名词 /不可数名词+that,如：,so young a boy=such a young boy,such interesting books,so many books,考点二：隶属连词,形容词,副词,many /few+复数可数名词,much /little+不可数名词,so+,+that,惯用搭配有：,第19页,He is so young a boy that he cant go to school.,=He is such a young boy that he cant go to school.,=The boy is so young that he cant go to school.,=The boy is too young to go to school.,=The boy is not old enough to go to school.,考点二：隶属连词,第20页,即学即练,选择适当单词填空,_,_(Though/So)it is sunny,the temperature is very low.,Were leaving for Guangzhou _(if/when)it is fine tomorrow.,He may be ill,_(because /when)he is absent today.,Spring comes _(since /after)winter.,He is _(so /such)smart that he can do it himself.,I was cooking _(when /while)she came in.,Though,if,because,after,so,when,第21页,即学即练,7.I will call you _(until /as soon as)I get there.,8.He is _(such /so)a good student that he often gets high marks.,9.He didnt go to bed _(until /because)he finished the work.,10.You must speak louder _(so that /such that)I can hear you.,考点二：隶属连词,as soon as,such,until,so that,第22页,第二节 介词,介词是一个表示单词与单词、单词与句子之间关系,虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成份,普通用在名词、名词短语或相当于名词短语结构前。,它可与动词和名词组成短语,表示时间、地点、空间和其它关系。,考点一：介词分类,考点二：表示场所、方位介词基本使用方法,考点三：表示时间介词基本使用方法用,考点四：表示原因介词基本使用方法,考点五：其它介词基本使用方法,第23页,考点一：介词分类,简单介词,at，between，in,等,2.合成介词,into，without等,3.短语介词,because of，instead of等,4.二重介词，from behind，until after,5.分词介词，including，regarding（关于）等,第24页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,at 和in表示“在某地”。,at后接小地方；,in后接大地方,如：in Shanghai 在上海,at the station 在车站,In，on和to都表示“位于”。,in 表示在某范围 之内位置；,on表示两个地方接壤；,to表示不接壤。,第25页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,如：,Taiwan lies in the south-east of China.,Shandong Province lies on the north of Jiangsu Province.,Japan lies to the east of China.,3.between和among都表示“在之间”。,between用于表示二者之间；,among主要用于表示三者或三者以上事物之间。,如：,Dont tell others.Its a secret between us.,The teacher is standing among the students.,第26页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,above,over和on都表示“在之上”，below和under表示“在下面”。,above表示“高于”，表示相对高度，反义词是below；,over表示“在正上方”，反义词是under；on表示“在之上”，与物体表面接触。,如：,The plane is flying above the clouds.,There is a village below the mountain.,There is a bridge over the river.,There is a ball under the table.,There is a book on the desk.,第27页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,by，beside和near都表示“在附近”。,by表示“在旁边，紧挨着”；,beside表示在旁边或紧靠，相当于next to；,near表示在时间或空间上距离很近。,如：,I like playing by the sea.,He is standing beside Peter.,He lives near /by the river.,第28页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,6.,across和through表示“穿过，经过”。,across表示从表面穿过、横跨过；,through则强调空间概念，表示从内部穿过。,如：,He walked across the road.,He can go through the forest by himself.,第29页,考点二：表示场所、方位,介词基本使用方法,in和into表示“进入内”；,on和onto表示“在（到）上”。,in和on侧重于表示状态；,into和onto侧重于表示动作。,如：,He works in a factory.,He put his book into his backpack.,The book on the table is mine.,The workers lifted the goods onto the truck.,第30页,考点三：表示时间介词基本使用方法,at，on和in用来表示年、月、日、时刻等。,（1）at用于表示钟点或在某一时刻，有时用在节日前。,如：,at 6 oclock,at Christmas,（2）on用于表示某日或详细某一天早晨、下午和晚上等。,如：,on Friday on Monday morning,（3）in用在年份、月份和季节前面或用于某一段时间。,如：in summer in,第31页,考点三：表示时间介词,基本使用方法,before和after表示时间前后。,如：,You must go back home before 12 p.m.,He went to bed after finishing his homework.,3.for，during，through，throughout，between，in和within等表示一段时间。,如：,He stayed here for 5 weeks.,During /In the past 2 years,he has made great progress.,第32页,考点三：表示时间介词,基本使用方法,for，during，through，throughout，between，in和within等表示一段时间。,如：,Some animals sleep all through the winter.,There are many heroes throughout history.,He was playing games between 7 and 9 last night.,I will be back in 10 minutes.,His computer has broken down 3 times within a day.,第33页,考点三：表示时间介词基本使用方法,from和since表示时间起点（since后面接从句时用作连词）。,如：,He works from morning to night.,We have been friends since 3 years ago.,5.by表示“到为止”。,如：,By the time he got to the cinema,the film had been over.,第34页,考点四：表示原因介词基本使用方法,如：,He didnt go to school because of his illness.,Mark had to leave his homeland for political reasons.,The man died from car accident.,His nose went red with cold.,The man died of illness.,第35页,考点五：其它介词基本使用方法,about和on表示“关于”。,about是惯用词，只是包括但不详细或深入地探讨；,on用于有准备正式语言交流，如演讲、讲学等。,如：,Can you tell me something about the accident?,He will give us a talk on Mars.,2.as意为“作为”。,如：,As a student,you should obey the school rules.,第36页,考点五：其它介词基本使用方法,by，in和on表示乘坐交通工具。,如：,He went to work by bus /on a bike.,He went to his office by taxi /in a taxi this morning.,in意为“穿着，戴着”。,如：,She is often in red.,第37页,考点五：其它介词基本使用方法,like意为“像”。,如：,He talked to me like a stranger.,6.with意为“和在一起”，还可用在“with+名词/代词+形容词”结构中。,如：,The man with his two children is playing happily.,He often sleeps with his windows open.,第38页,考点五：其它介词基本使用方法,即学即练,用适当介词填空。,1.I am good _ English.,2.He arrived _ England _ 6 oclock.,3._ my surprise,he won first prize in the competition.,4.Nothing can keep me _ coming _ school.,5.There is a bridge _ the river.,6.They didnt talk _ the phone for long.,7.I paid 5,yuan,_ the book.,8.We couldnt finished the work on time _ your help.,9.I am proud _ my son.,10.He comes _ China.,at,in,at,To,from,to,over,on,for,without,of,from,第39页,祝福筑梦路上的所有考生，加油！,感谢使用,第40页,
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