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,2018/11/28,#,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,Unit,7,About Yourself,Part I,Gett,ing,ready,Part II,The digestive system and diarrhea,Part III,Immunity,Part IV,More about the topic:Why Do I Catch Colds?,Part,V Memory test:Dental Health,Part VI Watch and enjoy,Listen This Way Book,2,1/47,Part I Getting ready,Our body is made up of different parts,such as face,hands and feet.Body words have been widely used,figuratively,in some phrases.And these phrases often create very vivid images.,*,figuratively,象征性地，比喻地,2/47,A.The following words will appear in this unit.Listen carefully and study the definitions.,1.,grind to a halt,:停顿,2.,abdomen,:腹部,3.,coil up,:盘卷，盘绕,4.,dehydrate,:脱水,5.,contaminated food,:不洁食物,6.,bacteria,:细菌,7.,virus,:病毒,8.,reserve,:贮备,9.,lash,:猛击,10.,infect,:传染，感染,11.,gum,:齿龈,12.,wig,:假发,3/47,B.You are going to hear several short dialogues.Pay attention to the numbers and the body words in the phrases.Then guess the meaning of these phrases.,4/47,1.,A:,Do you know how many,_,youve got?,B:,How many teeth?Ooh,ooh._?More?(A:Yes)_?,A:,Yes.,2.,A:,Do you know how many bones there are in your body?,B:,H,ow many bones?Ill take a guess.,_,.,A:,_.,3.,A:,How often does your heart beat?,B:,_,times a minute.,A:,N,o,_,times a minute.,206,70,98,153,32,24,teeth,5/47,4.,Bob:,Do you know what the boss thinks you should do,Billy?,Billy:,Just you keep your great _ out of this,Bob,will you?,(Meaning:_),5.,Anne:,Steven Kent,I never,never want to see you in my life again.,Steven:,Oh no.,Mary:,You really have put your _ in it,havent you?,(Meaning:_),6.,Kate:,Dave!Can you give me a,_,please?,Dave:,What?,Kate:,I,said“can you give me a,_,?”,Dave:,A,ll right,Im coming.No need to shout,.,(Meaning:_),ask for help,hand,cause embarrassment by doing or saying sth,tactless,foot,not,interfere in,nose,hand,*,interfere in,干涉，干预,*tactless,不机智，拙笨,6/47,7.,Max,：,Are there any jobs going in your company then,for an,intelligent,hard-working young man like my son Julian?,Frank:,No,I havent heard of any at all recently.,Max:,Well,could you keep your _ open,just in case,?,(Meaning:_),8.,Carol:,Have you heard about Maggie then?,Norma:,Maggie?Maggie Thatcher?,Carol:,No.Maggie Brown.Shes in love again.,Norma:,Oh not again.Who with this time?,Carol:,With her boss._ over,heels,in love with him,she is.,(Meaning:_),listen with care,*,just in case,以防万一,Head,ears,completely,*,heel,脚后跟,7/47,9,.,Nick,：,Have you ever lent any money to Mick?,Jill:,Mick?Huh!I wouldnt lend him any if I were you.,Nick:,Why not?Doesnt he pay it back?,Jill:,No.Never.Hes up to his _ in debts.,(Meaning:_),10,.,Liz:,Shes a very good doctor.Never looks at her watch.Never,complains.Nothings too much trouble for her.,Pat:,I know,yeah.Not many like her about.Shes all _,really.All _.,(Meaning:_),with the deepest devotion,deeply involved in,heart,neck,heart,8/47,C.Nobody,s really sure why people,go bald,but some scientists believe that people may,inherit,baldness.If you are interested,check out your mother,s father.Your,hairline,may look like his when you get older.Now listen to a radio phone-in.Complete the following chart.,*go bald 谢顶，秃顶,*inherit 继承,*hairline 发际线,9/47,Callers name,Problem,Callers doctors opinion,Solution,Advice,*hereditary 遗传,*shampoo 香波，洗发水,*thin patch 头发稀少区域,*false hairpiece thing=wig 假发,dont comb it over;,dont wear any false hairpiece things,not a lot he can do about it;,try to accept,nothing he can do about it;,hereditary,losing hair,Jim Baillie,Audioscript,Homepage,10/47,Part II The,digestive system,and,diarrhea,The human body is a highly complex,self-generator,that is to say,provided it is given the right fuel,it is capable of both curing and,warding off,disease.The food we eat helps to give us energy.It has a long journey to make before all its goodness has been taken into our body.The food takes up to six hours to be,digested,in the,stomach,depending on the size of the meal.The,complete digestive process,takes about 24 hours.But sometimes the system can go wrong.,*digestive system 消化系统 *diarrhea 腹泻，拉肚子,*self-generator 自愈体 *,ward,ing,off 阻挡（疾病）,*,digested,消化,*,stomach 胃,*complete digestive process 整个消化过程,11/47,A.You are going to hear a talk on the digestive system and diarrhea.While listening for the first time,add more key words in the notes column.After the second listening,match column A with column B with the help of the notes.,*inexpertly 不熟练地，外行地,*over-taxed 税负过重，过分透支,*insufficiently used 使用不妥,*rusty 迟钝，衰退,*sluggish 懒怠，无活力,*clogged 阻塞，不通畅,*mechanism 机械装置,*raw material 原材料,*tissue 人体组织,*squeeze 挤压,*muscle 肌肉,*the wall of the intestine 肠壁,*feces 粪便,*bowel 肠道,*clear up 治愈，痊愈,*fluid 水分,*dehydrated/dehydration 脱水,12/47,Column A,Column B,1.,gut symptoms,_,absorbing digested food into,blood stream,_,contaminated food,2.,the digestive system,_,drinking enough,_,a long tube coiling up in the abdomen,3.,causes of diarrhea,_,carrying away,waste products,_,constipation,4.,jobs of the digestive system,_,infection,by,viruses,or,parasites,_,breaking down food,5.,treatment for diarrhea,_,adding,enzymes,_,diarrhea,4,2,5,3,4,1,4,3,1,4,*,肠道症状,*,blood stream,血流,*,waste products,排泄物,*,便秘,*,感染,*,寄生虫,*,病毒,*,分解食物,*,enzyme,酶,Audioscript,13/47,BNow try this:listen to a more authentic version of the talk.Focus on the causes and treatments of diarrhea.Complete the statements.,14/47,Causes of,diarrhea,There are infections,and this is _,which is caused by some sort of,bacteria,or,organisms,.,Some foods _ might,irritate,_ and tend to give you diarrhea.,Some people when they _ and _ tend to get diarrhea.,People who suffer from the,irritable bowel syndrome,tend to get,tummy pains,and _.,*,food poisoning,食物中毒,*bacteria,细菌,*organisms,生物体，有机体,*,irritate,刺激，使过敏，使发炎,*,irritable bowel syndrome,肠激惹综合征,*tummy pain,肚子痛,the gut,themselves,food poisoning,diarrhea,stressed about something,get very nervous,15/47,Treatment of diarrhea,Most,attacks of diarrhea,are not _ and they _ by themselves within _.,The most important thing is to _.,It is better not to _ and not to worry about that.,Ideally,the fluids you drink should contain a little bit of _.,You can get special,rehydrating fluids,which are _.,You can get your own fluids by adding just a teaspoonful of,_.,sugar and,a pinch of,salt,specially mixed,salt and sugar,eat too much,drink lots of fluid,one or two days,clear up,serious,*attacks of diarrhea,腹泻,病发,*rehydrating fluids,再,水合剂,*a pinch of,一小撮,Audioscript,Homepage,16/47,Part,III,Immunity,The environment contains many potentially destructive,microorganisms,.It is impossible for us to avoid contact with,microbes,.That,s why our body is constantly under attack from invading germs and infections.Then why don,t we suffer from constant illness?Do we have our own defense system?,*immunity 免疫力,*,microorganisms,微生物,*,microbes,微生物，细菌,17/47,AThe following words and phrases are used in a discussion on the immune system.Listen to the words and phrases first.Study the definitions carefully.,1.germ:微生物，细菌,2.defense system:防御系统,3.cell:细胞,4.white blood cell:白细胞，白血球,5.molecule:分子,6.bone marrow:骨髓,7.antibody:抗体,8.measles:麻疹,9.polio:小儿麻痹症,10.tuberculosis:肺结核,11.AIDS:艾滋病,18/47,BNow listen to the following discussion.While listening for the first time,add more key words in the left-hand column.After the second listening,answer the questions.,19/47,Notes,Questions,immunity:,defense system,1.,Since we have the,immune system,why do we still need,vaccinations,?,_,headquarters:,blood,troops:,cells,reserve:,bone,marrow,white cells:,gobble,up,;,memory not working well,overactive,underactive,2.,How does a vaccination work?,_,Because there are some things which,were not naturally immune to.,A version of an illness is given to,the body,and the body thinks that it,is actually being infected with that,infection.The next time it sees it,the body can respond very quickly.,*,免疫系统,*,疫苗接种,*,细胞,*,不够活跃,*,过于活跃,*,狼吞虎咽,*,骨髓,20/47,Notes,Questions,vaccination:,not immune;,remember;,version of illness,3.,Can we produce,vaccines,for any,disease?Give an example.,_,AIDS:,HIV;attack immune,syst.;change easily,4.,Why is it so difficult to attack AIDS?,_,*protein 蛋白质,*invader 入侵者,*come into play 开始起作用,*turn on 突然攻击,*multiple-sclerosis 多发性硬化,The HIV virus,which causes AIDS,attacks the human immune system.,And the virus itself can change,very easily.Its very difficult to find,a vaccine which can recognize all,types of HIV.,No.We cant produce a vaccine for,AIDS for instance.,*,疾病,种类,Audioscript,21/47,C,.,Now try this:listen to a more authentic version of the discussion.Complete the diagram.Then put the number of each phrase below in the proper place.,*family doctor 家庭保健医生,*backup 后援，援助,*tied up 忙得不可开交,*makeup 结构,*at greater risk 处于更危险境地,22/47,blood,more likely to be,infected,invaders,invaders,23/47,the virus that causes AIDS,remembering the chemical makeup of invading germs and attacking them very quickly,fighting invading disease,destroying the bodys immune system,protecting the body against specific infections,putting the body at greater risk from other common infections,1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,the immune system,_,_,vaccination,_,_,HIV,_,_,5,3,2,6,4,1,Audioscript,Homepage,24/47,Part,IV More about the topic:Why Do I Catch Colds?,A cold is a mild,viral infectious disease,of the nose and throat,the,upper respiratory system,.Symptoms of a cold include,sneezing,sniffing,running/blocked nose,scratchy,sore,or phlegmy throat,coughing,headache,and a general feeling of,unwellness,;they last between 3 to 10 days,with,residual coughing,lasting up to 3 weeks.It is the most common of all diseases,infecting,subjects,at an average of slightly over one infection per year with greater than 3 infections per year not uncommon in some populations.,*viral infectious disease病毒感染类疾病,*upper respiratory system 上呼吸系统,*sneezing 打喷嚏,*sniffing 抽鼻子,*running/blocked nose 流鼻涕/鼻塞,*scratchy/sore/phlegmy throat 咽喉刺痒/疼痛/多痰,*unwellness 不舒适,*residual coughing 感冒好了之后咳嗽,*,subjects,病人，患者,25/47,The following monologue is about a common disease cold.Listen carefully and supply the missing information.,26/47,Viruses are most definitely going to get you.And when they do,they will give you anything,from a cold to,Ebola,.And yet,_,viruses have no life,_,.So why do they cause so much trouble?,_,why do I catch colds?,See that guy with the,_,nose.When he,_,_,droplets,will fly twelve feet into the air,infecting up to,_,people.You should have,_,.A cold virus just cant live without you.With no cells of its own,it needs to,_,your cells and,replicate,.Heres something to think about.,take over,ducked,150,40,000,sneezes,blocked,More to the point,of their own,technically,*Ebola 埃博拉,*droplet,小滴,*replicate 复制,technically 严格意义上,More to the point 说得更确切些,*duck 低头,27/47,The virus can only travel around inside,a blob of mucus,.And that means whenever you catch a,_,someone elses,snot,has been up your nose.,Anyway,your,_,is constantly,on the prowl,for attackers like these.If it wasnt,you could,_,fatal pneumonia,.So,when it,spots,a viral invasion,it grabs a,_,and takes it to the nearest,lymph node,home of your killer T cells.Here,a T cell first identifies the invader and then,deploys,an army of,tailor-made,immune cells to your nose.These provide specialist,_,for the standard immune cells already fighting your cold.Your nose has become a battleground.,backup,sample,end up with,immune system,sniffle,*a blob of mucus 一滴粘液,*,snot 鼻涕,*on the prowl 徘徊，逡巡,*fatal pneumonia,致命,肺结核,*spot 发觉,*lymph node 淋巴结,*deploy 布署,*tailor-made 量身定制,*sniffle 鼻塞，感冒,28/47,Meanwhile,to stop infection spreading to your lungs,youre manufacturing,a daily pint of,mucus.This snot gives you a,_,.While the virus irritates your nose,so you have to,_,it around 45 times a day.Beating a cold takes you about seven days and youll catch about four a year.,This is,_,for the cold virus.It,hops,on planes with its human,_,visits new cities and finds hundreds of new homes with every sneeze.As it replicates,it,mutates,.So by the next year it may be back in a different form.,hosts,the golden age,blow,headache,*a daily pint of 每日一品脱,*hop 跳上（飞机）,*mutate 变异,Homepage,*blow 擤（鼻涕）,29/47,Part V Memory test:Dental Health,In different countries and among different peoples,there is a wide range of foods which can be combined to provide a,balanced diet,.The type of diet a person adopts depends on what foods are available,how much they cost and on religious and cultural beliefs.But in order to enjoy the delicious foods,you must have,a strong set of teeth,.So it is very important to keep your teeth healthy.,*balanced,diet 均衡饮食,*a strong,set of teeth 一口好牙,30/47,The following passage is about diseases of the teeth and gums,and ways to prevent and treat them.Listen carefully and supply the missing information.,*the Maya玛雅人中美洲印第安人，在美洲被西方发觉前已经有高度文明,玛雅文明，是分布于现今墨西哥东南部、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、萨尔瓦多和伯利兹5个国家丛林文明。即使处于新石器时代，却在天文学、数学、农业、艺术及文字等方面都有极高成就。与印加帝国及阿兹特克帝国并列为美洲三大文明（阿兹特克帝国与玛雅文明位于中美洲；印加帝国位于南美洲安第斯山一带）。,31/47,Ancient Egyptians:,earliest,_,of dental treatment,treating,_,by using a substance made of,_,.,earliest known,_,to treat tooth problems,living about,_,years ago,known as a“,_,”,Chinese:,5000 years ago,treating tooth pain by,_,1300 years ago,_,in the teeth with a mixture of the,metals,_,Maya:,making teeth,_,by placing pieces of,_,on them,stone and metal,person,spices and onions,gum swelling,record,acupuncture,doctor of the tooth,5000,pretty,mercury,silver and tin,filling holes,*,牙龈,肿痛,*,香料,/,洋葱,*,水银,(,贡,),，银，锡,*,补牙,齿蛀洞,*,针灸,32/47,Ancient Romans:,years ago,making,_,to,_,those that had been lost,Europeans:,5 th 15 th century,_,performing services including,_,_,and treating medical conditions,14 th 15 th century,_,improved,French:,1700s,Pierre Fauchard:the father of,_,The Surgeon Dentist:the first book about,_,dental science,modern,dentistry,dental treatment,barber-surgeons,pulling teeth,cutting hair,replace,false teeth,*,假牙,*,牙医学,*,牙科医术,*(,旧时,),兼做外科医生和牙医剪发师,Audioscript,Homepage,33/47,Part,VII Watch and enjoy,*flake off 剥落,*overlap 叠盖,*tightly-packed roof tiles 重重合叠屋顶瓦片,*waterproof 防水,*formidable barrier 主要屏障,*flexible 柔韧灵活,*inert coating 惰性表层,*vital function 维持生命主要机能,*heat-sensitive camera 热敏感摄像机,*internal organ 内部器官,*sweat gland 汗腺,*contract 收缩,*evaporate 蒸发,*finely tuned technology 精美技术,*robust 强壮,*mesh 网状物,*collagen fiber 胶原纤维,*blood vessel 血管,*sever 切断,*healing kit 治愈装备,*platelet 血小板，凝血细胞,*scab痂，疮痂,34/47,1.,_,The biggest organ in the human body is skin.,2.,_,The part of the skin that you can see is made up of living cells.,3.,_,Pregnant women produce a,hormone,that allows their skin to stretch to twice its size.,4.,_,A body working,flat out,can,expel,three pints of,sweat,per,hour.,5.,_,A strand of collagen,is stronger than a steel wire of the same,dimensions,T,F,T,F,T,*,2.(F)The part of the skin that you can see is made up of dead cells.,*,4.(F)A body working flat out can expel two pints of sweat per hour.,Vi,d,e,oscript,Homepage,*,荷尔蒙,*,汗水,*,排出,*,竭尽全力,*,一,股胶原纤维,*,尺寸,35/47,Radio presenter:,All right.Thank you for that call,Rosemary.We go now,I think,to Glasgow and our next caller,er,Jim Baillie.Hello,Jim.,Jim:,Hell
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