Unit-2-Chinese-Philosophy市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,OCT 2011,Edited By Juan Yong,中国文化,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,*,Edited By Juan Yong,中国文化,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,March 2014,Chinese Philosophy and Religion,Aileen He,中国文化,1/23,Unit Goals,To gain a general knowledge of ancient Chinese philosophy,To be familiar with the key figures in Chinese philosophy and their ideas,To learn about the similarities and difference between Chinese and Western philosophy,To learn useful words and expressions concerning philosophical and ethical concepts and improve English language skills,2/23,Contents,Warm-up:Test Knowledge about Confucius and Confucianism,The Development of Ancient Chinese Philosophy,The Basic Features of Ancient Chinese Philosophy,Characteristics of Chinese Ethics and Morality,3/23,Warm-up:test your knowledge,Confucius was born in 551 BC in the State of _ during _ of ancient China at todays Qufu in Shandong Province.In fact,Confucius was a _ name given by Western scholars with the meaning of master,and his real name was Qiu and _ name Zhongni.,It is said that some 3000 young men came to study under him and 72 among them came to be known as his _.In the Han dynasty,Confucius works formed the basis of civil service examinations.After ups and downs,the spread of Confucianism was encouraged in the Tang dynasty.Confucianism returned as an orthodox state teaching ever since.,4/23,Development,The philosophy in Pre-Qin times,（先秦子学）,Orthodox philosophy during the Han dynasty,（两汉经学）,Metaphysics during the Wei and Jin dynasty,（魏晋玄学）,The Buddhist philosophy during the Sui and Tang dynasties,（隋唐佛学）,Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming dynasties,（宋明理学）,Application philosophy in the Ming and Qing dynasties,（明清实学）,March,5/23,The philosophy in Pre-Qin times,The philosophy in Pre-Qin times was marked by the emergence of various ancient philosophical views.,The most influential schools were,Confucianism,Taoism,Mohism,Legalism,March,6/23,Confucianism,first created by Confucius,and then developed by Mencius,a Chinese ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of Confucius,advocates the,benevolence and justice,allegiance and forbearance,（仁、义、忠、恕）,and the,doctrine of the golden mean,and values the ethical relations of man,7/23,Confucian classics,“Four Books”and“Five Classics”:the foundation of much of the subsequent Chinese speculation on the education and comportment of the ideal man,The Analects of Confucius The Great Learning,Mencius The Doctrine of the Mean,The Book of Changes The Book of Documents,The Book of Poetry The Records of Rites,The Spring and Autumn Annals,March,8/23,Main doctrine of Confucius,Ren the essence of all Confucius teachings,Benevolence,charity,magnanimity,sincerity,altruism,diligence,respectfulness,extensions:loyalty,righteousness,filial piety,courage,wisdom,faithfulness,Political dimension:An inhumane ruler runs the risk of losing the“Mandate of Heaven”.,Do not do to others what you wouldnt like them to do to you.,March,9/23,Li:the greatest principle of living,When people live by Li the society will attain order and harmony.Everyone has his proper position in the social group and a set of duties is prescribed to each role a person undertakes in the family and society.,Understanding ones status and role expectation is crucial for good environment and social order.,March,10/23,Government by Virtue,子曰：“为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所，而众星共之。”,Confucius:He who exercises government by means of his virtue may be compared to the north polar star,which keeps its place and all the stars turn towards it.,子曰:“道之以政,齐之以刑,民免而无耻;道之以德,齐之以礼,有耻且格。”,If the people be led by laws,and uniformity sought to be given them by punishments,they will try to avoid the punishment,but have no sense of shame.,If they be led by virtue,and uniformity sought to be given them by the rules of propriety,they will have the sense of shame,and moreover will become good.,March,11/23,The Golden Mean,Moderation of ones behavior,standing“central and balanced”in dealing with things or human beings,Without extreme action,emotion or thought,With emphasis on the cultivation of the mind through mediation and cautions against bodily pleasures,March,12/23,子曰：“学而时习之，不亦乐乎？有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不温，不亦君子乎？”,子曰：“三人行，必有我师焉。择其善者而从之，其不善者而改之。”,祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏。,不患人之不己知，患不知人也。,March,13/23,Error Correction,They created a more complete metaphysic than that had existed before.,The main doctrines of Confucius can be summarized as following.,An autocratic ruler is re exhorted to refrain acting inhumanely towards the subjects.,Despite of its loss of influence during the Tang dynasty,Confucius doctrine was the dominant force in Chinese thought for two millennia until the end of the Empire in 1911.,The Confucian philosophy,most encoded in the Confucian classics namely the“Four Books”and“Five Classics”,form the foundation of much of the subsequent Chinese speculation for the education and comportment of the ideal men.,March,14/23,Taoism,Founded by,Lao Zi,and,Zhuang Zi,the school advocates the doctrine that,the Dao,is the course,the principle,the substance,and the standard of all things,to which all of them must conform.,Based on the work of,Dao De Jing,Taoism promotes the belief that a person should live a simple life,not to strive for wealth,fame or power,which will only give one worries and trouble.,The school favors the political principle of,“achieving good government through non-action”.,15/23,Lao Zis Central principle,The myriad things of the universe are all manifestations of what is really an interconnected organic unity(and thus an inseparable whole),which maintain its own balance and harmony.,万事万物都是相生相克。世界像链条，环环相扣，繁衍生息，在相互制约中到达平衡。,Everything arises from an essentially unexplainable source the Tao itself.,万物始于道。,March,16/23,Philosophy of Zhuang Zi,All things are relative.,Let nature take its course.,Following the way of nature.,March,17/23,Stories of Zhuang Zi,昔者庄周梦为蝴蝶，栩栩然蝴蝶也。自喻适志与庄子画像。不知周也。俄然觉，则蘧蘧然周也。,不知周之梦为蝴蝶与？蝴蝶之梦为周与？周与蝴蝶则必有分矣。此之谓物化。,庄子与惠子游于濠梁之上。庄子曰：“儵鱼出游从容，是鱼之乐也。”惠子曰：“子非鱼，安知鱼之乐？”庄子曰：“子非我，安知我不知鱼之乐？”惠子曰：“我非子，固不知子矣；子固非鱼也，子之不知鱼之乐，全矣。”庄子曰：“请循其本。子曰汝安知鱼乐云者，既已知吾知之而问我，我知之濠上也。,March,18/23,Zhuang Zis wisdom,All existing things are really one.We regard those that are beautiful and rare are beautiful and rare as valuable,and those that are ugly as foul and rotten.The foul and rotten may come to be transformed into what is rare and valuable.,臭腐复化为神奇，神奇复化为臭腐。故曰“通天下一气耳”。,There is a limit to our lives,but there is no limit to knowledge.,吾生也有涯，而知也无涯。,The future is not to be waited for;the past is not to be sought again.,来世不可待，往事不可追也。,March,19/23,Mohism,Based on the teaching of,Mozi,the school cherishes,universal love,which states that if all the people in the world love one another,there will be no hatred,calamities,and hostilities.,March,In politics and ethics,Mohism proposes honoring virtuous people,opposing fatalism,（宿命论）,and aggressive wars,and upholding thriftiness and simple funerals.,20/23,L,egalism,L,egalism,began by,Hanfeizi,espouses laying down,laws,to unify the thought of people,promoting,agriculture,to achieve affluence,waging wars to gain strength and power,and establishing,a system of bureaucracy,.,21/23,Buddhism,The coming of Buddhism to China from India,Assimilation,Two major branches of Buddhism in China:,Chinese Buddhism in most of Chinese areas,The Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet,March,22/23,Thank you,Thank You,中国文化,23/23,