高中英语-Module-4-Sandstorms-in-Asia-Period-3-Grammar语.pptx

,Module 4Sandstorms in Asia,Period 3Grammar,语法专题课,动词不定式及but用于动词不定式,1/39,2/39,【课前热身】,阅读以下句子,依据提醒完成句子并体会其使用方法,Scientists have tried many ways _(solve)this,problem.,The wind is sometimes strong enough _(move),sand dunes.,to solve,to move,3/39,“_(catch)in a sandstorm was a,terrible experience,”he said.,Traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust,makes it difficult _(see).,When a sandstorm arrives in the city,weather,experts advise people not _(go)out.,To have been caught,to see,to go,4/39,【课堂诠解】,.动词不定式形式,(以do为例,不及物动词没有被动形式),时态/语态,主动,被动,普通式,to do,to be done,进行式,to be doing,/,完成式,to have done,to have been done,否定形式,not(to)do,5/39,1.不定式普通式:表示动作通常与谓语动词表示动作同时发生,或在它之后发生。,He seems,to know,this.,他似乎知道这件事。(同时发生),I hope _ _you again.,我希望再见到你。(之后发生),to see,6/39,2.不定式进行式:表示动作通常与谓语动词表示,动作同时发生。,He seems,to be eating,something.,他似乎在吃什么东西。,He pretended _ _ _his lessons when his,mother came in.他母亲进来时,他假装在做功课。,to be doing,7/39,3.不定式完成式:表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,Im sorry,to have given,you so much trouble.,我很抱歉给你带来这么多麻烦。,He seems _ _ _a cold.,他好像感冒了。,to have caught,8/39,.动词不定式句法功效,1.作主语。,动词不定式作主语时,为了防止句子头重脚轻,往往用it作形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后。,To get there,by bike will take us half an hour.,骑自行车到那儿将花费我们半个小时。,9/39,Its our duty _ _good care of the old.,照料好老人是我们责任。,(山东高考)Its standard practice for a,company like this one _ _a security officer.,像这么企业常规做法是要雇用一位安全人员。,to take,to employ,10/39,It is difficult _ _ _ _writing the composition,in a quarter of an hour.,我们难以在四分之一小时内写完这篇作文。,Its very nice _ _ _ _me.,你来帮助我真是太好了。,for us to finish,of you to help,11/39,【名师指津】,用for还是用of?,动词不定式逻辑主语,用for还是of取决于前面形容词。假如表示事物特征特点,表示客观形式形容词时用for;常见这类形容词有important,necessary,possible等。表示性格、品德、心智能力、主观感情或态度形容词时用of。这一句式有时相当于Sb.is+形容词+to do句式。这些形容词有careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等。,12/39,2.作宾语。,惯用带to不定式作宾语动词有afford,agree,arrange,ask,choose,decide,demand,desire,expect,hope,learn,manage,offer,pretend,promise,refuse,want,wish,like,hate,prefer,continue,try,start,forget,mean,intend,begin等。有时用“疑问词+不定式”结构。假如作宾语不定式结构有自己补语,用it作形式宾语代替后面真正宾语。,13/39,The driver failed,to see,the other car in time.,司机没能及时看见另一辆车。,I happen _ _the answer to your question.,我恰巧知道你问题答案。,to know,14/39,I found _ necessary _ _ _him again.,我发觉有必要再和他谈一谈。,We think _ quite important for us _ _a foreign,language well.我们都认为学好一门外语对我们来说非,常主要。,it,to talk to,it,to learn,15/39,【名师指津】,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,where,how,what等连用,在句中起名词作用,可充当主语、表语、宾语等。在与why连用时,不定式不带to。,How to solve the problem is very important.(主语),My question is when to start.(表语),16/39,3.作宾语补足语。,在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语。能够接带to不定式作宾语补足语动词有ask,tell,order,command,beg,request,require,invite,force,cause,forbid,get,allow,permit,wish,want,expect,encourage,advise,persuade,warn,would like,wait for,long for等。,(用括号中所给词正确形式填空),17/39,Father will not allow us _ _(play)in the street.,父亲不会允许我们在街上玩耍。,We consider Tom _ _(be)one of the best students,in our class.我们认为汤姆是我们班上最好学生之,一。,He asked me _ _(do)the work with him.,他让我同他一起工作。,to play,to be,to do,18/39,Teenagers should be allowed _ _(choose)their,own clothes.年轻人应该被允许选择自己衣服。,to choose,19/39,【巧学助记】,巧记省略to不定式作宾语补足语动词,不定式作宾语补足语省略to情况有以下口诀:,一感(feel)二听(hear,listen to)三让(make,let,have)五看(see,watch,notice,look at,observe)半帮助(help),20/39,注意:help可省略to也可不省略。但当上述动词用于被动语态时,其后要带上to。此时宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。,He is often heard,to sing,the song.人们经常会听到他唱歌。,21/39,4.作表语。,不定式可用来作系动词表语。普通说来,不定式前面to不能省略,但当主语部分含有实义动词do时,to能够省略。,My job is,to help,the patients.,我工作就是帮助病人。,22/39,My hope is,to become,a pop singer.,我希望成为一名流行歌手。,What he wants to do is(to)_ _in that,river.,他想做事就是去那条河里游泳。,go swimming,23/39,5.作定语。,不定式作定语通常只能放在被修饰名词或代词之,后。,Have you got anything,to do,this evening?,今晚你有事吗?,I have some books for you _ _.,我有一些供你阅读书。,to read,24/39,【名师指津】,不定式作定语与所修饰词之间有三种关系:主谓关系,动宾关系和同位关系。处于动宾关系情况下,假如不定式中动词是不及物动词,它后面应加上必要介词。,25/39,He is looking for a room,to live in,.,他正在寻找一个居住房间。,He is a pleasant person,to work with,.和他一起工作很愉快。,26/39,6.作状语。,不定式能够作目标状语、结果状语、原因状语和条件状语。,He hurried to the school,to find nobody there,.,他慌忙赶到学校,却发觉那儿没有些人。(结果状语),We were very excited,to find nobody there,.,发觉没有些人在那儿,我们非常兴奋。(原因状语),27/39,(北京高考)_ _(make)it easier to get in,touch with us,youd better keep this card at hand.,为了更轻易地和我们取得联络,你最好随身带着这张,名片。(目标状语),_ _ _ _,you would like him.,去看一下他,你会喜欢他。(条件状语),To make,To look at him,28/39,【名师指津】,(1)too.to do,so.as to do.,such.to do,enough to do.,come to do.(逐步),only to do.可组成结果状语。,(2)so as to do.(不能位于句首),in order to do.可组成目标状语。,29/39,.不定式符号to省略及but用于动词不定式,1.句中含有动词do时,but,except,besides,such as或nothing but,后面to可省略。但假如but之前动词不是do,其后不定式普通要带to。即“前有do,后省略to”,不然带to。,30/39,She could do nothing but,cry,.她除了哭别无方法。,I had nothing to do but _ TV.,我除看电视外无事可做。,I have no choice but _ _.,我除了等候别无选择。,watch,to wait,31/39,2.在cant but.和cant help/choose but.结构中,but后要用动词原形。,(翻译句子),我不得不告诉她真相。,_,我们只能等候。,_,I cant but tell her the truth.,We cant choose but wait.,32/39,听了他故事,我们禁不住大笑起来。,_,We couldnt help but laugh when we heard his story.,33/39,3.同一结构并列,由and或or连接,普通可省略后一个不,定式前to。,He didnt know whether,to leave or stay,.,他不知道是走还是留。,但也有时为了强调二者对比,后一个不定式就不宜省去,to。,笑比哭好。(翻译),_,Its better to laugh than to cry.,34/39,【名师指津】,假如不定式中有be或have时,be或have常保留。,Is there a shop nearby?,No,but there used to be.,35/39,【课堂小结】,1.动词不定式是非谓语动词一个形式,不过也含有普通时、进行时和完成时形式改变。,2.动词不定式含有各种句法功效,如:主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。,36/39,3.要注意不定式和分词区分。,4.在短语but+动词不定式中,省略不定式符号to条件是:but之前有动词do某种形式;或组成固定短语cant help/choose but.。,37/39,38/39,39/39,