研究生写作-摘要部分-Abstract.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,What is Abstract,A statement summarizing the important points of a text.,Short account of the contents of a paper.,Abstract and Summary,Summary,One-third or one-fourth of the original,The purpose-to provide a restatement of the original,The content-main points of the original,An independent part,Abstract,Six or eight lines,The purpose-to introduce the paper,The content,An independent part,The content of abstract,Abstracts can be divided into descriptive abstracts and informative abstracts,A descriptive abstract merely describes what the paper is about.,An informative abstract introduces important information about the purpose,method,result/conclusion and recommendation.,Useful expressions,The aim(or object,purpose)of this paper(or note)is to prove(show,present,develop,generalize,investigate),It is the purpose of this paper to prove(show,present,develop,generalize,investigate),This paper is concerned with,This paper deals with,In this paper we prove,In this paper we present,In this paper we propose to show,Useful expressions,The problem,was first treated by,and later,improved by,.,The purpose of this paper is to prove that it holds in a more general case,.,first raised the problem which was later partly solved by,.,We now solve this problem in the case of,The purpose of this paper is to generalize the results obtained by,to a more general case,i,.,e,.,In this paper we shall prove several theorems which are generalizations to the results given by,This paper intends to remove some unnecessary assumptions from the paper on,This paper deals with generalizations of the following problem,This paper improves the result of,on,by,samples,P200,English title,题名的结构。英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语(noun phrase)最常见，即题名基本上由1个或几个名词加上其前置和(或)后置定语构成。短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。题名一般不应是陈述句。少数情况(评述性、综述性和驳斥性)下可以用疑问句做题名。,题名的字数。题名不应过长。总的原则是，题名应确切、简练、醒目，在能准确反映论文特定内容的前提下，题名词数越少越好。,中英文题名的一致性。,题名中的冠词。,题名中的大小写。题名字母的大小写有以下3种格式。全部字母大写，每个词的首字母大写，但3个或4个字母以下的冠词、连词、介词全部小写，题名第1个词的首字母大写，其余字母均小写。,题名中的缩略词语。已得到整个科技界或本行业科技人员公认的缩略词语，才可用于题名中，否则不要轻易使用,