2023年四级翻译练习.doc

段落翻译

A-工艺美术-灯彩-灯谜-4

中文：
对平常人而言，灯笼会在除夕夜挂起，一直到元宵节才会摘下来。在诸多都市，灯会是元宵节当日颇有吸引力一项活动。假如想看灯会，可以到北京、南京、西安、上海或杭州。这些都市在元宵节所有举行各自独特灯会。灯会上，大家最钟爱是灯谜（riddle）。猜出答案人会得到小奖品。灯会之因此吸引人是由于灯谜自身而不是奖品。有趣灯谜给灯会锦上添花。

语言要点：
hang up; remove; unique; rather than

译文：
For common people, lanterns are hung up from the eve of Spring Festival and not removed until the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Show is an attractive activity on Lantern Festival in many cities. If you want to see the lantern fairs, Beijing, Nanjing, Xian, Shanghai and Hangzhou have their unique shows during the festival. On the lantern show, many people love the “lantern riddles” most. Anyone who knows the answer to the riddles on the lanterns will get a small gift as a reward. The activity attracts people because of the riddle itself rather than the gift. The interesting riddles make the colorful lantern shows more interesting.

段落翻译

A-工艺美术-风筝-运动-4

中文：
放风筝是一项有益于身体健康体育活动。因此，世界上诸多国家十分流行放风筝。中国人不仅把放风筝当作有趣游戏和有益于身体健康体育活动，也常常把精美风筝挂在墙壁上作为装饰。目前，中国风筝已经远销到日本和东南亚和欧美诸多国家，受到了世界各国人民欢迎。由于中国是风筝家乡，数年来中国山东潍坊每十二个月所有要举行隆重国际风筝大会。

语言要点：
beneficial; gain increase popularity; as well as; available; annually; birthplace

译文：
Flying kites is a sports activity beneficial to one’s health, so it is gaining increasing popularity in many countries of the world. The Chinese regard it as a funny game as well as a sport. Some people often hang delicate kites on the wall for decoration. Chinese kites are now available for sale in Japan, Southeast Asia and many countries in Europe and America, receiving a warm welcome around the world. In recent years, a grand international kite festival has been held annually in Wei Fang of Shandong Province since China is the birthplace of kite.
段落翻译

A-工艺美术-剪纸-用途-4

中文：
所谓剪纸（paper cutting），就是用剪刀（scissor）或刻刀（graver）在五彩纸上剪、刻出多种图案，或戴于发际，或贴在门窗，或粘于门楣（lintels of doors）,以求福避祸一种民间艺术。目前，剪纸艺术不仅走出了“家门”，进入了现代设计广阔天地；同步，剪纸艺术更是走出了国门，受到外国友人爱慕，从而使这一中国民间艺术成为全人类文化财富。

语言要点：
folk art; no longer; be confined to; gain popularity among; turn...into...; asset

译文：
Paper cutting, a traditional Chinese folk art, takes the scissors or gravers as the tool and colored paper as the material to cut out various patterns, which are either worn by women on the hair or pasted on windows, gates, or lintels of doors to bring good luck and avoid disasters. At present, the art of papercutting is no longer confined to the “home” or “family”. It has become part of the modern design industry. Going global, it has gained popularity among foreign friends, thus turning a Chinese folk art into the cultural assets of the whole world.

段落翻译

A-工艺美术-扇子-装饰-4

中文：
扇子在中国人生活中举足轻重。不管男女所有可以随身带着扇子。扇子种类繁多，各有用途。扇子在中国如此关键，因此大家也很看重装饰扇子。优质中国扇子所体现出精致品位也从未被超越。在中国，诸多伟大画家倾其才华来装饰扇子，并且装饰好扇子并不总是用来使用。

语言要点：
be reserve for; attach significance to; high-quality; equal (v.); devote… to…

译文：
The fan has played an important part in Chinese life. Fans were carried by men as well as women, and there were many classes of fans, each reserved for some special purpose. With so much significance attached to the fan in China, a great deal of attention was paid to its decoration. The exquisite taste displayed in the decoration of high-quality Chinese fans has never really been equaled. In China, many of the great painters devoted their talents to the decoration of fans, and the resulting works of art were not always for actual use.

段落翻译

A-工艺美术-唐三彩-用途-4

中文：
古时，唐三彩（Tang tri-colored pottery）很少用作日用品和陈设品，大部分用作随葬品（funerary objects），关键出产、流行于中国中原地区（the Central Plain），供这一带官僚们使用。唐三彩种类诸多，关键分为人物、动物和器物三种。人物有文臣（ministers）、武将（generals）、贵妇、男僮、女仆、艺人、胡人（Hun people）等。动物有马、骆驼、牛、羊、狮、虎等。器物有盛器、文房用品（stationery）、室内用品等。

语言要点：
rarely; display; be classified as

译文：
In ancient days, Tang tri-colored pottery was rarely used as tools or for display, but mostly as funerary objects. It was produced in the Central Plain of China and widely used by the local officials. There are various types of Tang tri-colored pottery, which can be classified as human figurines, animals and objects. Human figurines include images of ministers, generals, ladies, boy servants, maids, craftsmen and Hun people, etc. Animals include models of horses, camels, cattle, sheep, lions and tigers, etc. Objects include containers, stationery and tools for daily use.

段落翻译

B-中国民俗-春节-除夕-4

中文：
春节前夜叫“除夕”。除夕之夜，是家人团聚时候。一家人围坐在一起，吃一顿丰盛年夜饭，说说笑笑。晚饭后，大家会守岁，等到新年到来。除夕零点钟声一响，大家还要吃饺子。大家在这时吃饺子，是取“更岁交子”(change of the year and the day)意思。这也是“饺子”名称由来。

语言要点：
reunion; stay up; origin

译文：
The night before the New Year is called New Year’s Eve. It is the time for a happy reunion of all the family members, when they sit around the table to have a sumptuous New Year’s Eve dinner, talking and laughing. After the dinner, people will stay up to see the New Year in. When the bell strikes midnight on New Year’s Eve, people will eat dumplings. Dumplings are eaten because this word sounds the same as “change of the year and the day” in Chinese, and this is also the origin of the name of dumplings.
段落翻译

B-中国民俗-端午节-综述-4

中文：
端午节（the Dragon Boat Festival）听说源于战国时期（the Warring States period），据目前有 数年悠久历史。有关它来源有诸多传说，其中最为人熟知版本跟屈原有关。屈原是战国时期楚国（the state of Chu）诗人和政客，当她听说楚国被秦国（the state of Qin）打败后，投河自杀。在这个日子里，大家举行诸多活动来纪念屈原，例如举行龙舟赛、吃粽子、系五彩丝线等等。

语言要点：
originate; attempt to; origin; conquer; commit suicide; drown; commemorate

译文：
The Dragon Boat Festival, with a long history of more than 2,000 years, is believed to have originated during the Warring States period. A number of legends attempt to explain its origins. The best-known story is the legend of Qu Yuan, a poet and statesman of the state of Chu during the Warring States period. When Qu Yuan learned that Chu was conquered by the state of Qin, he committed suicide by drowning himself in a river. Many traditional activities are held on this special day to commemorate Qu Yuan. Among these customs are dragon boat racing, eating zongzi, tying five-colour silk thread, etc.
段落翻译

B-中国民俗-二十四节气-综述-4

中文：
二十四节气（the Twenty-four Solar Terms）是中华民族独创文化遗产，它能反应季节变化，指导农事活动，影响着千家万户衣食住行。两千年来，中国政治活动中心关键集中在黄河流域（the Yellow River Valley），二十四节气也就以这一带气候和自然现象为根据建立起来。由于中国版图广阔，地形（terrain）多变，故二十四节气对于诸多地区来讲只是一种参照。

语言要点：
cultural heritage; on the basis of; natural phenomena; vast territory; referential

译文：
The Twenty-four Solar Terms are the unique cultural heritage created by the Chinese nation. They can reflect season changes and guide farming activities, which influences the daily lives of Chinese people in many ways. For two thousand years, the Yellow River Valley has served as China’s political center, so the concepts of jieqis have been established on the basis of the valley’s climate and other natural phenomena. Since China has a vast territory and a varied terrain, the Twenty-four Solar Terms are just referential to many places in other parts of the country.

段落翻译

B-中国民俗-中国结-发展-4

中文：
在史前时期（prehistoric times），中国人就会做多种造型结，到了清代（the Qing dynasty），中国结（Chinese knots）这一民间艺术演变成了流行艺术形式。在这一时期，大家用中国结装饰多种东西是很常见。在20世纪初期，伴随中国进入现代化，这一艺术形式几近消灭。大家认为中国结已通过时了，没有什么实际应用价值。直到70年代末，这种艺术形式在台湾得以复苏，随即中国结得到了繁华发展，日渐流行开来。

语言要点：
develop into; common practice; an era of modernization; view…as…; practical application; revive; flourish

译文：
Chinese people started making knots with different designs in prehistoric times. In the Qing dynasty, the folk art of Chinese knots developed into a popular art form. During this period, it became a common practice for people to decorate almost everything with a Chinese knot. This art was almost lost in the early 20th century as China entered an era of modernization. Then, many people viewed such knots as out of date and having little practical application. In the late 1970s this art was revived in Taiwan, after which Chinese knots started to flourish again and became more and more popular.
段落翻译

B-中国民俗-中秋节-含义-4

中文：
从名字就可以看出，中秋节（the Mid-Autumn Festival）是在秋季中期庆祝节日。秋天，大家一年劳动有了收获。中秋节晚上，全家人坐在一起赏月、吃月饼，心里充斥了丰收喜悦和团聚欢乐。这时，远离家乡人也会仰望明月，怀念家乡和亲人。在古代，诸多诗人在这个尤其日子里会吟诗作赋表达思乡之情。

语言要点：
indicate; reap the harvests; be filled with; compose; homesickness; on this occasion

译文：
The Mid-Autumn Festival, as its name indicates, is always celebrated in the middle of autumn. In autumn, people reap the harvests of their year’s labor. On the night of the Mid-Autumn Festival, the whole family will sit together to admire the full moon and eat moon cakes, filled with happiness for the harvest and a family reunion. At that time, people far away from hometown will also look up at the moon and miss their home town and family. In ancient times many poets would compose poems to express their homesickness on this special occasion.
段落翻译

E-平常生活-茶-茶馆-4

中文：
大多数西方人认为中式茶馆大多清静优雅，符合中国人修身养性之道（self-cultivation）。然而，老式老北京茶馆不同样于其他地方茶馆，历来所有不是安静地方。这里是老百姓聚在一起谈天说地绝佳场所。老舍茶馆（Lao She Teahouse）是北京最有名茶馆。在这里，每天所有可以欣赏到多种老式民间艺术演出，例如京剧、魔术、说书（story-telling）、变脸（face switching）等，大家边看边享用各式茶水和地方小吃。

语言要点：
in line with; everything under the sun; traditional folk arts; be accompanied by

译文：
Most westerners assume that Chinese teahouses are places of quiet and elegance, which is in line with Chinese self-cultivation. However, the traditional teahouses in Beijing, different from those in other places, have never been places of peace and quiet. They provide perfect venues for common people to gather together and talk of everything under the sun. Lao She Teahouse is the most renowned one in Beijing. Every day, you may watch performances of traditional folk arts, such as Peking opera, magic, story-telling and face switching, which are accompanied by all kinds of tea and local snacks.
段落翻译

E-平常生活-酒-礼仪-4

中文：
在中国，在餐桌上喝酒时主客双方所有应遵照（observe）社交礼节（etiquette）某些规则。首先，酒杯应当倒满酒。倒酒时，应先从长辈和上级（the superiors）开始。祝酒（making a toast）时，每个人所有要站起来，互相轻触酒杯，要保证下属（the juniors）酒杯低于上级酒杯。多人敬一种人是许可，不过一种人敬多人则被视为不礼貌。

语言要点：
social etiquette; the elders and the superiors; propose a toast

译文：
In China, when drinking alcohol at table, both the host and the guests are expected to observe certain rules of social etiquette. Above all, the glass should be full of wine. Then the elders and the superiors should be served first. When making a toast, everyone is required to stand and lightly touch each other’s glass, ensuring that the juniors’ glass is held lower than that of their superiors. It is allowed for several people to propose a toast to one person. But it is considered not polite for one person to propose a toast to several people.
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E-平常生活-中医-名医-4

中文：
中国历史上名医多不胜数，像扁鹊、华佗、张仲景、李时珍等，她们不仅用精湛医术为病人解除痛苦，同步也为中医发展做出了杰出奉献。战国时期（the Warring States Period）扁鹊，最早用望、闻、问、切（palpation）四种措施诊断病情，并被一直沿用至今。东汉时期（the Eastern Han Dynasty）华佗是世界上第一位进行麻醉（anesthesia）手术医生。

语言要点：
numerous; relieve the pain of patients; make great contributions to; be in use; apply

译文：
There are numerous famous doctors in Chinese history, such as Bian Que, Hua Tuo, Zhang Zhongjing, Li Shizhen, who not only relieved the pain of patients with their masterly medical skills, but also made great contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. Bian Que, the famous doctor of the Warring States Period, was the first to use observation, hearing and smelling, inquiry, and palpation as four methods of diagnosis, which has been in use till now. Hua Tuo of the Eastern Han Dynasty was the first recorded to apply anesthesia during operations in the world.
段落翻译

G-文房四宝-笔-种类-4

中文：
老式毛笔（writing brush）是古人必备文房用品，更在表达中华书法（calligraphy）、绘画特殊韵味上具有和众不同样魅力。毛笔制造历史长远。湖北省随州市擂鼓墩曾侯乙墓发现了春秋时期（the Spring and Autumn Period）毛笔，是目前发现最早笔。毛笔品种较多，从性能上分，有硬毫、软毫、兼毫。从笔用途来分，则有山水笔、花卉笔、人物笔等。

语言要点：
appeal; unearth; prove to be; so far; various kinds of; as far as... is concerned

译文：
Traditional writing brushes, with unusual charms in expressing the special appeal of Chinese calligraphy and painting, are necessary writing tools for the ancient people. Writing brush making has a long history. The writing brushes unearthed in the Tomb of Zenghouyi in Leigudun, Suizhou, Hubei Province were proved to be those of the Spring and Autumn Period, which are the earliest writing brushes found so far. There are various kinds of writing brushes. As far as the function is concerned, the brushes are classified into three groups: hard, soft, hard yet soft. As for the use of the brushes, there are brushes for landscape painting, flower painting, figure painting, etc.
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G-文房四宝-价值-申遗-4

中文：
文房四宝（Four Treasures of the Study）不仅有实用价值，也是融会绘画、书法（calligraphy）、雕刻、装饰等多种艺术为一体艺术品。故宫博物院收藏（the Palace Museum）文房四宝多为清代（the Qing Dynasty）名师所作，皇家御用，用料讲究、工艺精美，代表了中国数千年来文房用品发展水平，是文房用品中瑰宝。 6月10日，文房四宝被正式列入中国“国家级非物质文化遗产（national intangible cultural heritage）”。

语言要点：
engrave; collect; exceptionally; exclusively; represent; gem

译文：
The Four Treasures of the Study are not only of practical value, but also works of arts with painting, calligraphy, engraving and decoration combined. Those collected in the Palace Museum are famous products of masters of the Qing Dynasty, which, boasting exceptionally fine materials and superb craftsmanship, were used exclusively in the Royal Palace, representing the level of development of Chinese writing tools over several thousand years, and are indeed the gems of a typical Chinese study. The four treasures were officially listed as a national intangible cultural heritage by the Chinese Government on June 10, .
段落翻译

H-老式艺术-功夫-综述-4

中文:
武术，也称为功夫或中华武术，是中华民族宝贵文化遗产，是一项具有民族特色老式民间竞技技术。武术历史悠久，习武者众多。根据武术中使用不同样动作，可形成不同样套路徒手或持器械动作组合。武术形式可以是单打、双打或多人打斗。习武者在或袭击或防御、或快或慢、或强或弱动作中，互相打斗较劲，试图打败对方。习武有助于大家强劲体魄，锻炼意志、培养人格、保护生命。

语言要点：
heritage, based on, offensive, defensive, preserve, cultivate

译文：
Wushu, also known as gongfu or martial arts, a valuable cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, is a traditional Chinese sport with a unique national characteristic. It enjoys a long history and a large number of practitioners. Based on movements employed in fighting, wushu is practiced in various types of set exercises, either barehanded or with weapons. They can be practiced singly, in pairs or collectively. Offensive or defensive, quick or slow, hard or soft, the practitioners wrestle with each other and try to outwit each other. Wushu helps people build their physique, heighten their will, cultivate themselves and preserve their lives.
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H-老式艺术-书法-发展-4

中文：
正如中国历史源远流长，书法也有着悠远历史。千百年来，中国文字不停发生着变化，最终形成今天常见五种形式：篆书(seal script)，隶书（official script），楷书（regular script），行书（running script）和草书（cursive script）。篆书是第一种统一原则化文字。隶书是继篆书后来一种被简化书写形式。隶书也造就了草书使得书写更为流畅快捷。行书风格处在楷书和草书之间。

语言要点：
divide into; standardize; simplify; give birth to

译文：
The history of Chinese calligraphy is as long as that of China itself. Through the centuries Chinese characters have changed constantly and are mainly divided into five categories today: the seal script, official script, regular script, running script and cursive script. Seal characters are the first unified and standardized characters of the