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专题三完形填空,知识利用篇,第二部分,1/40,考纲导续,完形填空不但要求考生含有扎实英语基础知识，还要具备较高综合了解和语言利用能力。文章体裁主要包含：,1,记叙文；2.夹叙夹议；3.议论文；4.说明文。,2/40,考情回顾,应试策略,解题流程,命题规律,3/40,近几年高考(全国卷)完形填空考查情况以下：,年份,数量,类别,，全国卷完形填空考点统计,考点,总计,全国,全国,全国,全国,全国,全国,全国,全国,体裁,记叙文,夹叙,夹议文,记叙文,夹叙,夹议文,记叙文,记叙文,记叙文,记叙文,4/40,分布情况,动词(短语),6,6,7,5,6,11,9,10,60,形容词,3,4,4,6,4,4,3,4,32,副词,3,3,1,3,2,1,0,0,13,名词/代词,7,6,5,4,7,4,8,6,47,介词,0,0,0,2,0,0,0,0,2,连词,1,0,3,0,1,0,0,0,5,5/40,1选材特点,高考完形填空以记叙文和夹叙夹议为主，说明文、议论文考查较少。文章内容多以记人、叙事为主，其主要话题包括励志故事、人物传记和新闻报道等。大都有主动正面教育意义且含有些人物心理改变，提供正能量，给人以人生启迪或是充满了生活情趣和人生感悟。,2,设空特点,(1)完形填空首句普通不设空。经过首句这一,“,窗口,”,，考生能够确定文章话题、主题、背景、人物、时间、地点、事件等，从而把握文章发展方向。,6/40,(2)以考查实词为主。近几年完形填空主要考查名词、动词(短语)、形容词、副词等实词，兼顾连词、介词考查。,(3)以语境分析为主。大部分题目需从上下文甚至全文角度考虑作出判断，表达了,“,突出语篇,”,命题格调，要求考生依据语境从层次结构和逻辑关系角度选择最正确答案。,(4)表达关键语法和常识考查。个别题目要求考生对句子结构做出准确判断，有时还要借助常识和一些背景知识(如英语文化和风俗习惯等)处理问题。,7/40,(1)通读全文，把握主旨。在速读全文过程中要重视首句、首段信息，注意找出文章关键词、中心词、画出一些代表人物和情节词句，理清,“,情节线,”,和,“,情感线,”,，形成对整篇文章概貌了解。,(2)上下求索，先易后难。完形填空设题通常分为句内、句组和语篇三个层次，做题时先易后难，碰到没有把握题目时，可暂时跳过空格，顺着原来思绪推进，等到大部分空格选出答案后，借助已补全信息，回头扫除,“,最牛钉子户,”,。,(3)复读全文，微调答案。做完题后，把填好短文通读一遍，看看有没有显著语法错误和逻辑冲突，必要时加以更正。,8/40,9/40,分 类 例 析,10/40,(全国卷,)When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.That meant _,21,_ Miller King,who was the best _,22,_ at our school.,Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.I carried my football everywhere for _,23,_.,解题思绪,依据首句，可知文章讲述是作者想成为学校足球队明星球员。围绕该主题，才能确保答案正确。,21A.cheering forBbeating out,Crelying onDstaying with,11/40,解析：,文章首句,“,When I was 13 my only purpose was to become the star on our football team,”,提到，我13岁时唯一目标就是成为学校足球队明星。结合下文,“,Miller King，who was the best,”,可推断出Miller King是我们学校最出众足球运动员(player)，而实现我目标就意味着打败(beating out)他。要打败他就要练习(practice)。,12/40,22A.coachBstudent,CteacherDplayer,解析：,参见上题解析。,23A.practiceBshow,CcomfortDpleasure,解析：,依据上文,“,all summer long I worked out,”,可知，此处表示我到哪里都带着足球练习。,尝试解答：_,21.B,22.D,23.A,13/40,2,利用上下文暗示解题,在做完形填空题时要有整体观念，连贯性思维，要把每小题空白处含义与前后句联络起来，进行合乎逻辑地推理。,所谓上下文，可能是紧挨着两句话，也可能是开头题目在尾段查找到信息；还可能是中间或最终试题从上下文查到信息，信息常见有词、短语、句子，但有时是语境暗示。,14/40,(全国,卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this _,41.searching,_ process and found something that has changed my _,42,_ at college for the better:I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语),I never felt an urge to _,43,_ any sign language before.My entire family is hearing,and so are all my friends.The _,44,_ languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)Little did I know that I would discover my _,45.(love),_ for ASL.,42A.progressBexperience,CmajorDopinion,15/40,解析：,依据下文内容可知，作者发觉了把自己大学经历(experience)变得更美好东西。progress,“,进步,”,；major,“,专业,”,；opinion,“,意见，想法，看法,”,。,16/40,43A.chooseBread,ClearnDcreate,解析：,以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任何手语强烈欲望。choose,“,选择,”,；create,“,创造,”,。,44A.officialBforeign,CbodyDspoken,解析：,依据上文中,“,My entire family is hearing，and so are all my friends,”,及下文中,“,languages were enough in all my interactions(交往),”,可知，口语对作者全部(社会)交往来说已经足够了。spoken language,“,口语,”,符合语境。official,“,正式，官方,”,。,尝试解答：_,42.B,43.C,44.D,17/40,(北京高考)A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.A musher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of snow blocked his _,50,_.He had to leave the trail(雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to _,51,_ the trail again.The only hope was Balto,Kaasens lead dog.Balto put his nose to the ground,_,52,_ to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for.,50A.memoryBexit,C,way,D,destination,解析：,结合上文,“,huge piles of snow blocked,”,和下文,“,He had to leave.get around them,”,可判断应选,C,，表示大堆雪把他道路阻断了。,18/40,51,A.find,B,fix,C,pass,D,change,解析：,依据上文,“,leave the trail(,雪橇痕迹,),”,可知，这里选,A,表示,“,找到,”,，指环境是如此糟糕以至于再次找到雪橇痕迹对他来说是不可能。,52A.pretendingBtrying,CaskingDlearning,解析：,依据语境，这里用try to do表示,“,试图做某事,”,，指Balto试图嗅出其它狗气味。,尝试解答：_,50.C,51.A,52.B,19/40,(重庆高考)When Alice was sixteen，I was the one who wanted to run away from home.It was _,16,_ to see the changes coming over her.She skipped school，and refused to communicate.I tried being firm，but it didnt _,17,_.I saw a dark future for my once sweet daughter.,16A.pleasantBpainful,CunwiseDinspiring,解析：,空前面一句说作者想要离家出走，空后面详细交代了作者想离家出走原因是16岁女儿逃学、不与人沟通，面对女儿这么改变母亲当然应该是非常痛苦(painful)。pleasant令人愉快；unwise不明智；inspiring鼓舞人心。,20/40,17,A.remainBmatch,CappearDwork,解析：,it是指前文I tried being firm，此处意思是说作者试着态度果断些，不过无济于事，此处work意为,“,有效,”,。remain保持；match匹配；appear出现。,尝试解答：_,16.B,17.D,21/40,3利用词义复现解题,词义复现，不不过同一个词，同义词、反义词、近义词都可能成为这种类型题目标解题关键点，不过这些词可能隐藏比较深；上文可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔较远，所以要注意集中寻找这些暗示信息。,22/40,(全国,卷)While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this _,41,_ process and found something that has changed my experience at college for the better:I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语),41A.searching Bplanning,C,naturalD,formal,23/40,解析：,同义复现题。依据上文中,“,While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life,”,关键词,“,explore,”,及下文内容可知，此处指作者在大学经过学习美式手语经历了探索,(searching),过程。,planning,“,计划制订,”,；natural,“,自然,”,；formal,“,正式,”,。,尝试解答：_,41.A,24/40,(四川高考)But Lainey took one look at it，_,43(rolled),_ her eyes,and said,“,Borrrring！,”,Aunt Dede,a teacher,had read the book to her students,and they loved it._,44(Even),_the youngest children in the class were_,45(attracted),_ by the story.They_,46(listened),_with great interest and then_,47(enthusiastically),_joined in grand conversations about Harrys adventures.,“,How can you say its _,48,_？Have you read it?,”,asked Aunt Dede.,48A.amazingBboring,C,ridiculousD,conversations,25/40,解析：,原词复现题。,Lainey,对哈利,波特故事不感兴趣，且第一段中,Lainey,说,“,Borrrring,”,也是提醒，所以此处用形容词,boring,。,尝试解答：,_,48.B,26/40,It was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.,On the 20th of that month,Dr.Welch_,36(examined),_a sick boy,Billy,and knew he had diphtheria,a deadly infectious(传染)disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be_,37(helpless),_if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick._,38(However),_，the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away,in Anchorage.,How could the medicine get to Nome?The towns_,39(harbor),_was already full of ice,so it couldnt come by ship.Cars and horses couldnt travel on the _,40,_ roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.,27/40,40A.narrowBsnowy,CbusyDdirty,解析：,原词原现题。依据语境和上文,“,full of ice,”,可知，这里说是汽车和马不能在被雪覆盖道路上行进，所以选B表示,“,被雪覆盖,”,。,尝试解答：_,40.B,28/40,(陕西高考)I was _,27,_ to do it.At age five，this dull task brought me such _,28(joy),_.I would excitedly turn the tap _,29(on),_and brush the comb carefully.Satisfied that Id done a good job，I would happily return the comb to Dad.,27A.annoyedBrelieved,CashamedDpleased,解析：,近义词复现题。联络空后excitedly以及Satisfied可知，,“,我,”,很愿意干这个活儿，所以选pleased(高兴)。annoyed生气，relieved如释重负，ashamed惭愧，均不符合语境。,尝试解答：_,27.D,29/40,(北京高考)They would have the medicine sent by _,44,_ from Anchorage to Nenana.From there,dogsled(狗拉雪橇)driversknown as“mushers”would_,45(carry),_it to Nome in a relay(接力),The race began on January 27.The first musher,Shannon,picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night.,44A.air Brail,CseaDroad,解析：,同义词复现题。后文fromthetrain at Nenana与该空复现。,尝试解答：_,44.B,30/40,4,利用行文逻辑解题,逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义连接成份，主要有：,(1)词(包含连词、副词和少数介词)，如and，but，or，because，though，however，yet，therefore，otherwise，despite等。,(2)短语，如in other words，in addition，as a result，on the contrary，instead of等。,(3)分句和独立结构，如that is to say，what is more，generally speaking等。在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中一些词、短语有亲密关系选项。,31/40,(四川高考)Lainey finished third grade.She had good grades and could read _,41,_ grade level,but she did not like to read.On a family car trip,her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of,Harry,Potter,as a surprise for her _,42,_.But Lainey took one look at it,_,43,_ her eyes,and said,“,Borrrring！,”,41A.withinBon,CtoDabove,解析：,依据句中,“,She had good grades,”,以及,“,but she did not like to read,”,可知，Lainey阅读能力已经超出三年级水平了，但问题是她不愿意阅读。依据语境可知，此处用介词above，意为,“,(能力、水平等)高于，胜过,”,。,32/40,42A.daughterBniece,CstudentDfriend,解析：,依据该句中关键信息,“,her Aunt Dede,”,可知，空格处用niece，意为,“,外甥女，侄女,”,。,43A.openedBdried,CrolledDshaded,解析：,roll ones eyes意为,“,翻白眼,”,，该短语符合语境，因为Lainey不喜欢阅读。,尝试解答：_,41.D,42.B,43.C,33/40,5,利用固定搭配，生活文化常识解题,(全国卷,)This led to some _,26,_ experiences on Saturday as they played against teams_,27(better),_trained.Through the first two games，her_,28(team),_did not get one serious shot on goal.,26A.painfulBstrange,CcommonDpractical,解析：,此题属因果关系。结合上下文可知，她们周末反抗球队是一些受过更加好训练强队，所以这给她们带来必定是一些痛苦(painful)经历。strange奇怪，common普通，practical实际，均与语境不符。,尝试解答：_,26.A,34/40,(天津高考)Two years ago,while Cathy was watching the Olympics,a dream came into her sweet little headto be a swimmer.Last summer,she wanted to _,18.join,_ out local swim team.She practiced hard and finally _,19,_ it.,19A.increasedBfound,CcreatedDmade,解析：,依据下文内容可知，此处指女儿最终成功地加入了游泳队。make it表示,“,取得成功,”,，为固定使用方法。,尝试解答：_,19.D,35/40,(天津高考)One agent _,17,_ a house in particular.Although her description sounded wonderful,the price was _,18_,_ our range,so we declined.But she kept urging us to have a look _,19(at least),_.,17.ArecommendedBdecorated,CsoldDrented,解析：,由下句中her description可知，房屋经纪人尤其向我们推荐(recommended)了一座房子。decorate装饰；sell卖；rent出租。,36/40,18A.belowBwithin,CbeyondDbetween,解析：,由空后so we declined(所以我们拒绝了)可知，价格超出了我们能力范围，所以选beyond，指,“,超出,范围,”,。below低于；within在,范围内；between在,之间。,尝试解答：_,17.A,18.C,37/40,(全国,卷)My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise$50,000 _,25(in support of),_ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.This combination of healing myself and healing the world _,26,_ me as the perfect solution.,26A.scaredBconsidered,Cconfused Dstruck,解析：,把个人减肥与帮助处理世界问题结合起来，这让作者以为这是完美处理方法，动词strike能够表示,“,(以某种方式)给某人留下印象,”,，所以选D。注意动词strike熟词生义，注意掌握其常见使用方法。,尝试解答：_,26.D,38/40,(全国,卷)Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man _,56,_ and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked the_,57(police),_if he was needed or_,58(free),_to go.They let him and the other man go.,56A.stepped forward Bbacked off,Cmoved on Dset out,解析：,由后面,“,let them go to work,”,可知，当消防人员和救护人员到了后，Larry和另一个男子便往后退(backed off)，以方便他们施救。,尝试解答：_,56.B,39/40,40/40,
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