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,语法精讲强化系列,一、动词时态和语态,1/89,考点1 普通时态,1.普通现在时,(1)表示习惯性、经常性发生动作或存在状态,常与表示频度时间状语连用,如usually,often,always,sometimes,every day等。,*On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work.,2/89,(2)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。,(3)表示按照时间表、计划安排好或者要求行为,只限于go,come,leave,start,stop,arrive,begin,return,open,close等表示动作趋向性或移动意义词。,*My dream school starts at 8:30 a.m.and ends at,3:30 p.m.,3/89,(4)在时间、条件等状语从句中惯用普通现在时代替普通未来时。,*You will surely succeed if you try your best.,4/89,【典例剖析】,(全国卷)Some classmates suggest we go to places of interest nearby.I thought that it is a good idea.(改错),5/89,解题关键:依据句中动词suggest,is可知,应指当前想法,应用普通现在时。,答案判定:thought改为think,6/89,(全国卷)This cycle_(go)day after day.The walls warm up during the day.(填空),7/89,解题关键:时间状语为day after day,且依据第二句warm用了普通现在时可知此处表示当前情况,所以用普通现在时。,答案判定:goes,8/89,2.普通过去时,(1)表示过去某个时间发生动作或存在状态,惯用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。,*It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday.,9/89,(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中惯用普通过去时代替过去未来时。,*He said he would not go if it rained.,(3)表示“原认为/原来认为/原希望”等意义时,know,think,expect等动词惯用普通过去时。,*I didnt expect to meet you here.,我没料到会在这里遇见你。,10/89,【辨析】,普通过去时与现在完成时区分,普经过去时,强调动作发生在过去某一时间,不强调对现在造成影响或结果;与表示过去某一特定时间或与现在无关某一过去时间连用,现在完成时,表示过去动作与现在相关系,主要强调对现在造成影响和结果;可与today,this week,since等表示包含现在一段时间状语连用,但不能和表示过去时间状语连用,11/89,*Theyve gone to Paris so far.,他们当前已经去巴黎了(说明他们现在不在这里)。,*They went to Paris last year.,他们去年去过巴黎(只说明去过,不表明是否现在仍在那里)。,12/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(全国卷)Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and_(be)too violent for use at the table.,13/89,解题关键:依据主句谓语动词believed可知,此处讲是孔子过去想法,应该用普通过去时。,答案判定:were,14/89,(全国卷)It was raining lightly when I _(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.,15/89,解题关键:句意:就在天亮之前我到了阳朔,天下着小雨。不过我关心不是这件事。依据主句was raining以及第二句话didnt可知,记叙是过去发生事情,应该使用普通过去时。,答案判定:arrived,16/89,3.普通未来时,(1)普通未来时表示未来某一时刻动作或状态,即单纯未来事实。,*He will graduate from Beijing University next year.,17/89,(2)三类表示普通未来时特殊结构:,be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。,*Really?Youre going to walk the dog?,be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、要求等要做某事。,*We are to obey these rules when we go into the library.,18/89,be about to do sth.表示即将要发生某事。该结构通常不与详细时间状语连用。,*The train is about to leave.,19/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(全国卷)If you are able to come with us,please let us know and we_(wait)for you at the school gate at 9 in the morning.,20/89,解题关键:依据if从句用是普通现在时表示未来,可知主句用will+动词原形表示普通未来时。,答案判定:will wait,21/89,【高考题组】,单句语法填空/改错,1.(四川高考)Then,after two and a half years,the,mother _(drive)the young panda away.,2.(全国卷)Yangshuo _(be)really beautiful.,3.(广东高考)While making great efforts to run,away,she _(fall)over the hill and died.,drove,is,fell,22/89,4.(全国卷)Well also spend some fun time,together singing,dancing and playing games,which we,hope _(make)them happy.,5.(四川高考)Both Dad and I planned to do,something on Mothers Day.We get up early in the,morning.(改错),_,will make,get改为got,23/89,6.(全国卷)When I was a child,I hoped to live,in the city.I think I would be happy there.(改错),_,7.(全国卷)Tony was scared and begun to cry.,(改错),_,think改为thought,begun改为began,24/89,8.(四川高考)As I tell you last time,I made three,new friends here.(改错),_,tell改为told,25/89,考点2 进行时态,1.现在进行时,(1)表示说话时正在进行动作、存在状态或者表示现阶段(at present,this week等)正在进行动作、存在状态(说话时动作不一定进行或存在)。,*Experts are wondering now if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.,26/89,(2)一些特定表示动作趋向性短暂性动词come,go,leave,get,start,open,arrive,begin,return等惯用现在进行时表未来。,*Some of these are getting scarce because people kill them for various reasons.,27/89,(3)现在(或者过去)进行时态与always,constantly,often,forever,continually等副词连用表示说话者“赞叹、厌烦、不满”等感情色彩。,*The girl is always talking aloud in public places.,28/89,【辨析】,普通现在时,主要用于习惯性或经常性动作,常伴随使用频度副词usually,often,seldom等,现在进行时,主要用于表示当前或现阶段正在进行动作或状态,常跟时间状语now,at present等连用,29/89,*He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isnt writing at present.,30/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(北京高考)I_(write)to tell you my exciting plan for the summer holiday.,31/89,解题关键:此句是书信开头语,强调现在正在写信,故用现在进行时。,答案判定:am writing,32/89,2.过去进行时,(1)过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行动作或者存在状态。,*Now twenty-two years old,he was studying wetlands ecology.He again appeared before the town planning board.,33/89,(2)表示过去一个动作发生时另外一个动作正在进行。,*She was watching TV when a burglar broke into her house.,(3)过去进行时能够表示按计划、安排在过去将要发生事。用于come,go,leave,start,arrive等表示位置移动动词时,也能够用过去进行时表示过去按照计划、安排将要发生动作。,*Yesterday he said he was leaving for Canada.,34/89,【辨析】,普经过去时,表示一个完成动作;亦可表示过去某个时刻发生单纯动作(侧重说明事实),过去进行时,表示过去某一阶段正在进行动作;亦可表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间发生动作(强调在这一过程中所进行动作或展开情景)或者不停重复进行动作,35/89,*I was reading a novel last night.(可能没看完)。,*I read a novel last night.(已经看完)。,36/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(北京高考)Jack_(work)in the lab when the power cut occurred.,37/89,解题关键:依据句意“Jack正在试验室工作时候突然停电了。”以及关键词occurred可知,此句型是was/were doing.when.结构。,答案判定:was working,38/89,3.未来进行时,表示未来某个时间正在进行动作,或按预测未来会发生事情。惯用时间状语有:soon,tomorrow,this evening,by this time,in two days,tomorrow evening等。,*This time next week Ill be lying on the beach,enjoying the sunshine.,39/89,【辨析】,普通未来时,表示对“现在时刻”来说,将要发生动作或将要存在状态,未来进行时,表示未来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行动作,40/89,*She is sixteen,and will be seventeen next year.,*What will you be doing at this time next Monday?,41/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(江苏高考)Could I use your car tomorrow morning?,Sure.I_(write)a report at home.,42/89,解题关键:由题干中关键信息词tomorrow morning可知,双方在谈论明天早晨事情,所以答语应用未来进行时,表示“明天早晨我将在家写汇报”。,答案判定:will be writing,43/89,【高考题组】,用所给词适当形式填空,1.(全国卷)And the town _(become),a popular weekend destination for people in Asia now.,2.(全国卷)Now I _(live)in a city,but I,miss my home in the countryside.,is becoming,am living,44/89,3.(辽宁高考)While some follow the medical,guidance for wearing contact lenses,many _,_(break)the rules and putting their eyesight,at risk.,are,breaking,45/89,4.(北京高考)In the early afternoon,when he _,_(plan)to go home,a fierce snowstorm swept,into the area.,5.(全国卷)He _(ride)beside the bus,and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me,shouting to the driver.,was,planning,was riding,46/89,考点3 完成时态,1.现在完成时,(1)表示过去发生或已经完成某一动作对现在造成影响或结果,惯用时间状语:already,so far,never,just,before,recently等。,*Nowadays the cost of a new car has fallen in real terms so that it is cheaper than ever to own one.,47/89,(2)表示过去发生而连续到现在动作或状态。常与since,for以及so far,now,today,this week(month,year),for a long time,in the past/last few years,these days等连用。,*So far no further news has been obtained.,48/89,(3)现在完成时还能够用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示未来某时完成动作。,*Please return the book to me when you have finished it.,49/89,【点津】,(1)注意切记以下固定句型:,It is/has been+时间段+since.表示“自从以来已经”。,*It is/has been ten years since I graduated from university.,50/89,This/It/That is the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用现在完成时。,*This is the first time that I have been here.,51/89,(2)注意防止思维定势:一看到for+时间段,就用动词现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(普通过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。,Yang Zhenning lived in America for many years and now he lives in China.,杨振宁在美国定居多年,现在他生活在中国。,52/89,Dashan has lived in China for many years.,大山在中国住了许多年。,53/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(北京高考)I_(read)half of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.,54/89,解题关键:依据关键词finish it可知,已读完二分之一,read动词是已经完成动作,应用现在完成时。,答案判定:have read,55/89,2.过去完成时,(1)表示在过去某一动作之前已经完成动作,强调“过去过去”之意。常与by,before等介词短语或状语从句连用或用于有上下文暗示句子中。,*By the end of last year,we had accomplished the project completely.,56/89,(2)表示意向动词,如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本(实际上未能)”。,*We had expected that you would be able to win the match.,57/89,【点津】,注意固定句型:,This/It/That was the first/second/third.time that.表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”,that从句中要用过去完成时。,*This was the first time that I had been here.,58/89,hardly.when.和no sooner.than.两个句型中,主句均用过去完成时。,*Hardly had the match started when we arrived.,59/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(浙江高考)Silk_(become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.,60/89,解题关键:依据句中时间状语by about 100 BC可知“become”动作发生在“过去过去”,故用过去完成时。,答案判定:had become,61/89,【高考题组】,用所给词适当形式填空,1.(全国卷)When a new day breaks,the walls,_(give)up their heat and are now cold,enough.,2.(天津高考)The next day,we got a disappointing,message that another buyer _(offer)a much,higher price.,have given,had offered,62/89,3.(重庆高考)Her family _(return),from abroad,and then got a message from the vet.,4.(山东高考)Writing out all the invitations by,hand was more time-consuming than we _,(expect).,had returned,had expected,63/89,考点4 现在完成进行时和过去未来时,1.现在完成进行时,(1)惯用来表示开始于过去某个时间、一直连续到现在而且会继续进行下去动作。,*(全国卷)For days the kids have been looking for others we can help.,64/89,(2)表示到当前为止一段时间里一直在重复进行动作。,*I have been calling him many times this morning,but theres no answer.,65/89,【辨析】,现在完成时,表示过去开始一个动作到当前为止已经完成,表示动作结果,现在完成进行时,表示过去开始一个动作到当前为止仍在进行,甚至仍将继续,66/89,Ive watched the TV series,Nirvana in Fire,.(已经完成),I have been watching the TV series,Nirvana in Fire,these days.(仍在进行甚至仍将继续),67/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(江苏高考)Dashan,who_(learn)crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades,wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.,68/89,解题关键:依据句意:“大山数十年来一直在学习中国喜剧传统节目:相声,想把它和西方单口相声融会贯通。”可知,大山学习相声是从过去连续到现在,而且还可能继续下去,故使用现在完成进行时。,答案判定:has been learning,69/89,2.过去未来时,过去未来时表示在过去某个时间看将要发生动作或存在状态。即过去未来时是“立足过去,着眼未来”一个时态,惯用于宾语从句中。,*The shops would soon close,and all the people would go home.,70/89,【典例剖析】,用所给词适当形式填空,(全国卷)In the store,I asked each of my kids to pick something they thought our friend there _(appreciate).,71/89,解题关键:由语境可知强调“他们认为我们那里朋友可能会喜爱一些东西”,同时由关键词asked和thought可知是站在过去时间点上展望未来。故用过去未来时。,答案判定:would appreciate,72/89,【高考题组】,用所给词适当形式填空/改错,1.(北京高考)Excuse me,which movie are you,waiting for?,The new,Star Wars,.We _(wait),here for more than two hours.,have been waiting,73/89,2.(福建高考)As a result,Isabelle _,_(receive)blood transfusions(输血)every,46 weeks since she was 11 months old.,3.(天津高考)She _(volunteer),her time and talents to such enterprises for more than,40 years.,has been,receiving,has been volunteering,74/89,4.(福建高考)We _(drive)in fog,all morning,but the fog is lifting now.,5.(天津高考)Just to see what she _(do),I,gently placed one on top of the groundhogs head.,have been driving,would do,75/89,6.(浙江高考)Then he and my mother would have,had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would,talk about his day and hers.(改错),_,去掉had,76/89,7.(全国卷)Tony promised her that this will,never happen again.(改错),_,8.(全国卷)Since thenfor all these yearswe,had been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they,please.(改错),_,will改为would,had改为have,77/89,考点5 被动语态,1.不能用被动语态特殊动词,(1)系动词类(look,seem,feel,taste,sound,prove,appear等)。,(2)表示主语特征词(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lock等),常与not,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副词连用。,*This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料轻易洗。,78/89,2.get组成表示被动短语,get paid/lost/hurt等。,*We get paid every week.我们按周取得薪酬。,79/89,3.主动形式表示被动意义,(1)在need,want,require,deserve,bear等动词、worth等形容词后面,动名词主动形式表示被动意义,其含义相当于动词不定式被动形式。,*The house needs repairing/to be repaired.,这房子需要修理。,80/89,(2)在一些“主语(人/物)+be+形容词+不定式”中不定式主动形式表示被动意义。这些形容词有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等。,*The problem is difficult to work out.,这道题极难计算出。,81/89,【典例剖析】,单句改错,(全国卷)Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking.,82/89,解题关键:主语fresh vegetables and high quality oil和谓语动词use是被动关系,故应该使用被动语态。,答案判定:using改为used,83/89,(全国卷)Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very serious problem.,84/89,解题关键:主语studies和谓语show是逻辑上主谓(主动)关系,句意强调“很多研究表明”,故应该使用主动语态。,答案判定:去掉been,85/89,【高考题组】,单句语法填空/改错,1.(全国卷)I _(allow)to get up close,to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.,2.(全国卷)Truly elegant chopsticks might _,_(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.,was allowed,be,made,86/89,3.(四川高考)The giant panda _(love)by,people throughout the world.,4.(江苏高考)More efforts,as reported,_,_(make)in the years ahead to accelerate the,supply-side structural reform.,5.(天津高考)We wont start the work until all the,preparations _(make).,is loved,will be,made,have been made,87/89,6.(全国卷)Tea in China was traditionally,drank from cups without handles.(改错),_,drank改为drunk,88/89,89/89,
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