Unit--英汉对比与翻译-市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英汉对比与翻译（二）,英汉,句法现象对比,1/36,2.句法现象对比,A:People are always talking about“,the problem of youth,”.If there is onewhich I take leave to doubtthen it is older people who create it,not the young themselves.Let us get down to fundamentals and agree that the young are after all human beingspeople just like their elders.,There is only one difference between an old man and a young one,:the young man has a glorious future before him and the old one has a splendid future behind him:and maybe that is where the rub is.,2/36,人们总是在谈论“青年人问题”。假如真有这么一个问题,对这一点我要不揣冒昧地表示怀疑,那也是年长者造出来，而不是青年人自己造成。让我们认真考虑一下问题根本吧，而且我们要认可青年人毕竟是人,跟他们长辈一样人。青年人和老年人之间只有一点不一样，那就是青年人光芒未来在他们前头，而老年人辉煌已经留在他们身后，或许这就是问题之所在,。,3/36,B.,He that loves glass without G,Takes away L and that is he.,汉字也有类似拆字游戏：,此木是柴山山出,因火生烟夕夕多（纪）,(Glass without G is lass,meaning a“young woman”.If the L is taken away from“lass”,what remains is an“ass”,referring to a donkey or a stupid person.,Thus,it means“He who loves women is a stupid person”.(,孙利民,:74),4/36,在翻译实践中，我们通常把句子作为操作处理基本单位。英语和汉语句子结构及句法现有相同之处，更有显著区分。（傅晓玲等，：58）,1）时态对比：,英语时态有十六种，与汉语时态相比要复杂得多，汉语普通没有时态改变。,如：,I will go to Beijing tomorrow afternoon.,(,我明天下午去北京),Jack used to be a government official,but he is in prison now.,(,杰克从前是个政府官员，现在是犯人。）,5/36,2）句子结构,A）,The two countrieswith all the talk of warmer relationsare spying on each other as avidly as at the height of the cold war.,(,尽管两国高唱关系改进,，但双方仍像在冷战期间一样相互侦察对方）,B）The question is whether he can understand,what she said about her position.,(,问题是他能不能了解,她立场,）,6/36,C）,Hardly,had he got home,it began to rain cats and dogs.,(,他一回到家，天就下起了瓢泼大雨。）,D）,Little did I,then know the meaning of war and what it was in reality.(inverted),当初我确实 还不太懂战争意义以及战争实际上是怎么回事。,7/36,E）By the time he entered college,he had been exposed to English for 6 years.,上大学前，他学英语已经有六年时间了。,英语和汉语句子中语态使用频率存在一定差异。被动语态在英语中使用比率相对与汉语而言要多。,Nothing,was gained,by all the over caution.,全部这些谨小慎微，到头来一无所得。,I must,have been cheated,again.,我准是又上当了。,8/36,To protect the whale from the cold of the Arctic seas,nature has provided it with a thick covering of fat called blubber.When the,whale is killed,the blubber is stripped off and boiled down,either on board ship or on shore.,9/36,大自然为保护鲸，使它不致在北冰洋受冻，便让它长了一曾厚厚脂肪，叫做鲸脂。鲸杀死后，把鲸脂剥下来熬油，这项工作有在船上进行，有在岸上进行。,10/36,3）复合句次序（短语次序）,翻译以下句子，注意排列次序差异：,Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected there is a“high temperature belt”in the atmosphere,with its centre roughly thirty miles above the ground.,人们早就怀疑，大气层中 有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面约30英里高空。利用火箭进行研究后，这一奇异事实已得到证实。,11/36,A,.,时间次序,In any case,it was the most independent and self-reliant families who were the first to push westward to the Appalachian Mountains,then southward along the mountain valleys,then into the great Central Basin and finally westward beyond the Rockies.,不论怎样，他们都非常独立，不靠他人只靠自己。他们先往西走，抵达阿巴拉契亚山脉，后顺着山谷往南走，进入中央大盆地，后又向西越过了落矶山脉。,12/36,They went to see a film after they visited their old friends.,After they visited their old friends there,they went to see a film.,It was at 9:00,September 1,st,1889,that the meeting was held in a secrete place.,13/36,14/36,15/36,B）,空间次序,Arable lands are few and limited;with but slight exceptions the prospect is a broad rich mass of,grass and trees,mantling,minor hills and dales,within,the major,.Such is the vale of Blackmore.(Tess of the DUrbeverills,Hardy),16/36,长庄稼地块数不多，面积有限，全副景物，除了很小例外，是大山抱小山，大谷套小谷，而在那些小山小谷上盖着一片连绵、茂盛草和树。布蕾谷就是这种样子。（张谷若翻译）,Hardy,让人先看到是草和树，再是小山和小谷再是大山和大谷；而以上译文依据汉语习惯作了适当调整。,17/36,C)逻辑次序,英语因可前可后，汉语先因后果；,Now tourism has grown in importance to such an extent that many Third World countries cannot balance their financial budget accounts without their considerable earnings from tourism.,现在，旅游业越来越主要，假如少了这一块巨额收入，第三世界国家就无法平衡其财政预算。,18/36,条件句中，英语条件可前可后，汉语，先条件，再结果,If the system is used in the proper way to train umpires,we can look at this and see if theres some kind of flaw.,假如我们合理地利用该系统来培训裁判员，就能经过该系统发觉存在缺点。,19/36,表目标与行动复合句,To prove their point they scaled up a chicken to the size of Tyrannosaurus rex and found the giant chicken probably would not have been able to stand.,为了证实自己观点，他们按百分比把一只鸡放大到暴龙族恐龙大小，结果发觉这只巨鸡可能站都站不住。,20/36,表结果与理由,The considerable credit that is due to him is not for having invented a method which others had pioneered.,他之所以大受赞扬，并不是因为他在前人开创战术方面有新建树。,21/36,4,）,倒装结构,(often seen in English but rare in Chinese),(here,there,now,then,out,up;be,come,go,exist,live,follow),1)Here is the very passport that you have lost.,这正是你所丢失那本护照。,2)There stands a great temple on the top of that mountain.,那座山山顶上有一座巨大寺庙。,22/36,3)Up went the rocket into the space in an instant.,顷刻间，“嗖”一声，火箭飞向太空。,4)Then came the day we had been looking forward to.,我们期盼这一天终于到来了！,23/36,only,5)Only when one is ill does he realize the value of health.,只有当一个人生病时，才会意识到健康价值。,6)Not only was Jack London a well-known novelist,but(he was)also a poet.,杰克,伦敦不但是著名小说家，还是一位诗人。,24/36,否定意义副词或副词短语（,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,in no case,under no conditions,not in the least,in no way,by no means,on no account,）,7)Never in my life have I heard of such a strange thing!,我这辈子都没听到过这么离奇事情！（老头子老婆子口头禅）,25/36,8)In no case will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.,中国决不第一个使用核武器！,9)On no accounts are visitors allowed to feed the animals.,游客不得给动物喂食。,sothat.,10)So fast did he walk that none of us was his equal.,他走路非常快，谁都不是他对手。,11)So absurd did he look that everyone stared at him.,他看起来滑稽可笑，大家都盯着他瞧。,26/36,虚拟条件句如省略,if,12)Had you worked harder,you would have succeeded.,要再努力一把，就会成功了。,13)Were it not for you,I would fail.,假如没有你，我会失败。,27/36,hardlywhen;no soonerthan,14)Hardly had I arrived when I had a new problem to cope with.,我刚到就碰到一个新问题需要处理。,15)No sooner was she back at home than she realized her mistake.,她一回家，就意识到自己犯了个错误。,28/36,地点状语放句首,16)On the floor were piles of old books and newspaper.,地板上堆放着旧书和报纸。,17)On a hill in front of our school stood a great shopping mall.,我们学校前面小山上有一个规模很大购物中心。,29/36,18)Such was the force of explosion that all the windows were broken.,爆炸威力如此之大，全部窗户都震破了。,19)Young as she is,she has seen much of the world.,她年纪轻轻，可见过不少世面。,30/36,Summary,英语和汉语在词汇和句子结构等方面存在差异比较大，2、3讲主要讲述了词汇及句法方面差异；其它差异如代词使用，无主句在汉语中使用等，将在以后各种技能训练中逐步讲到。希望大家在平时学习中注意观察和积累他们之间差异。,31/36,请点击并学习：,英汉五大区分,32/36,Before college,the only people I had ever known who were interested in art or music or literature,the only ones who read books,the only ones who ever seemed to enjoy a sense of ease and grace were the mother and daughters.Like the men folk,they fretted about money,they scrimped and made-do.,exercise,33/36,But when the pay stopped coming in,they were not the ones who had failed.Nor did they have to go to war,and that seemed to me a blessed fact.By comparison with the narrow,ironclad days of fathers,there was an expansiveness,I thought,in the days of mothers.They went to see neighbours,to shop in town,to run errands at school,at the library,at church.(Scott Russell Sanders,Women and Men),34/36,Fret:become unhappy,bad-tempered or anxious about something;worry,Scrimp:manage to spend little money,Ironclad:rigid,fixed,刻板，固定不变,Errands：short journey to take a message,get or deliver goods,35/36,上大学之前，我所认识对艺术、音乐、或文学 感兴趣人，爱读书人，看上去优雅自在、安闲自得人，统统都是做母亲和做女儿。像男人一样，女人也为钱而发愁，也省吃俭用，凑合度日。不过假如家里断了收入，问题并非出在她们身上。他们也不用去打仗，这在我看来是一桩幸事。跟做父亲那种狭窄、担心生活相比，我以为做母亲日子比较宽松自在。她们上邻居家窜门，去城里买东西，到学校、图书馆、教堂跑跑腿儿。（孙致礼翻译）,（采取符合汉语表示习惯词汇搭配方式）,36/36,