21课《庄子二则——北冥有鱼》.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,2019/5/6,#,庄子,故事二则,1/37,庄周梦蝶,有一天，庄周梦见自己变成了蝴蝶，在花丛中自由自在翱翔，感到十分快活和舒畅，已经完全忘记自己是庄周了。不过，庄周突然醒来之后，惊惶不定之间方知原来蝴蝶变成了自己。到底是庄周梦中变成蝴蝶呢，还是蝴蝶梦见自己变成庄周呢？,李煜曾有诗：梦里不知身是客，一晌贪欢。,生死之间，是否只是一场大梦？庄子借梦蝶，含糊了真实和梦幻界限。梦里是真，还是现在是真？,假如我们活在一场梦里，那么梦醒时分才是我们回归真实时刻吧。,庄子故事,2/37,庄子故事,自由之龟,一天，庄子正在涡水垂钓。楚王委派二位大夫前来聘请他道：“吾王久闻先生贤名，欲以国事相累。深望先生欣然出山，上认为君王分忧，下认为黎民谋福。”,庄子持竿不顾，淡然说道；“我听说楚国有只神龟，被杀死时已三千岁了。楚王珍藏之以竹箱，覆之以锦缎，供奉在庙堂之上。请问二大夫，此龟是宁愿死后留骨而贵，还是宁愿生时在泥水中潜行曳尾呢？”,二大夫道：“自然是愿活着在泥水中摇尾而行啦。”,庄子说：“二位大夫请回去吧！我也愿在泥水中曳尾而行。”,为了名利而舍弃健康，放弃和父母团聚，这么生活莫非不是“买椟还珠”吗？,3/37,庄子故事,鲁王养鸟,有一天，鲁国城郊飞来了一只海鸟。鲁王从来每见过这种鸟，便认为是神鸟，就派人把他捉来，亲自迎接供养在庙堂里。鲁王为了表示对海鸟爱护和尊重，马上吩咐把宫廷最美妙音乐奏给鸟听，用最丰盛筵席款待鸟吃。可是鸟呢，它体会不到国王这番招待盛情，只吓得神魂颠倒，举止失常，连一片肉也不敢尝，一滴水也不敢沾，这么，只活了三天就被饿死了。鲁王这是用自己生活方式来养鸟，不是用养鸟方法来养鸟。,人总是一厢情愿，以为自己喜欢什么他人也一定喜欢什么，不会倾听他人想法，不懂怎样去换位思索关照他人。人心百结，人与人千差万别，交往之中，千万不能把自己意志强加给他人，尊重他人才是最好选择。,4/37,庄子,（约前,369,前,286,）,名周,，宋国蒙（今河南商丘东北）人。,战国,时哲学家，,道家,学派主要代表人物。与老子并称为,道学之祖。,了解作者,5/37,庄子,含有很高文学价值。其文汪洋恣肆，想象丰富，气势壮阔。,庄子,共,33,篇，分内篇、外篇、杂篇。,内篇,7,篇,为庄子所作,外篇,15,篇和,杂篇,11,篇普通认为是其门人和后学者伪作。,作品介绍,6/37,作品介绍,庄子,想象,力极为,丰富,，语言 利用自如，灵活多变，,能把一些微妙难言哲理说得引人入胜。,鲁迅先生称赞“其文则汪洋辟阖，仪态万方，晚周诸子之作，莫能先也”（,汉文学史纲,）。郭沫若也评价说：“以思想家而兼文章家人，在中国古代哲人中，实在是绝无仅有。”（,庄子与鲁迅,）因而他作品被人称之为,“文学哲学，哲学文学”,。,7/37,庄子一生穷愁潦倒，他不是没有机会做官、过荣华富贵生活，而是不愿做官。庄子才能闻名遐迩，楚王听说后，就派了两名使臣带着重金去聘请他当宰相，却被庄子以,“,宁愿在污浊泥水之中游戏自乐，也不原为当权者所束缚,”,为理由拒绝了。庄子厌恶虚伪封建制度，,对当初社会抱有强烈不满情绪,。庄子以后当了隐士，以表明自己,愤世嫉俗,，,蔑视名利,、,痛恨权贵,心志。,8/37,课文选两则故事第一则选自内篇中,逍遥游,第二则选自外篇中,秋水,。,标题是编者加。,9/37,北冥有鱼,10/37,北,冥,有鱼，其名为,鲲,。鲲,之,大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，,其,名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；,怒,而飞，其翼若,垂,天,之,云。,是,鸟也，,海运,则将,徙于,南冥。南冥者，,天池,也。,齐谐,者，,志怪,者也。,谐,之言曰：“鹏,之,徙于南冥也，,水击,三千里，,抟,扶摇,而上者九万里，,去以,六月,息,者也。”,野马,也，尘埃也，生物,之,以息相吹也。天之,苍苍,，,其正,色,邪,？,其,远而无所至,极,邪？,其,视,下,也，亦若,是,则已矣。,北冥有鱼,11/37,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,鲲（）徙（）抟（）,南冥（）,kn,x,tun,mn,字词积累,12/37,北冥有鱼,13/37,北,冥,有鱼，其名为,鲲,。鲲,之,大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，,其,名为鹏。,北冥有鱼,北海有一条鱼，它名字叫做鲲。,鲲体积巨大,，不知道有几千里,。鲲改变为,鸟，它名字叫做鹏。,同“溟”，海。,大鱼名,它,14/37,鲲,15/37,鹏,16/37,振奋，这里指用力,鼓动翅膀,鹏之背，不知其几千里也；,怒,而飞，其翼若,垂,天,之,云。,悬挂,鹏,脊背,，,不知道长几千里；当它奋起,而,飞时候，那展开双翅就像,悬挂在天空云,。,17/37,是,鸟也，,海运,则将,徙于,南冥。南冥者，,天池,也。,齐谐,者，,志怪,者也。,这,只鹏鸟啊，海水运动时将要飞到南海去。这南海是,个,天然形成,水池。,齐谐,是一部专门记载怪异事物书。,天然形成水池,记载,到,迁移,海水运动,这,怪异,事物,18/37,助词，不译，用于主谓间取消句子独立性,旋风,拍打水面,离开,凭借,谐,之言曰：“鹏,之,徙于南冥也，,水击,三千里，,抟,扶摇,而上者九万里，,去以,六月,息,者也。”,野马,也，尘埃也，生物,之,以息相吹也。,齐谐,记载说：,“鹏鸟迁徙到南方大海之时，翅膀击水而行，激起波涛浪花有三千,里,，它乘,着旋风盘旋,飞到九万,里高空,，它离开北海是凭借,着六月,大风。”山野,中雾气，空气中尘埃，都是生物用气息吹拂结果。,助词，不译，用于主谓间取消句子独立性,盘旋翱翔,风,山野中雾气，飞跃如野马,19/37,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,天之,苍苍,，,其正,色,邪,？,其,远而无所至,极,邪？,其,视,下,也，亦若,是,则已矣。,天色湛蓝,，是它真正颜色吗？还是因为天空高远而看不到尽头呢？大鹏从天空往下,看，,也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。,真正,同“耶”，疑问语气词，吗,代指大鹏,向下,这么,尽,湛蓝,表示选择,20/37,文本探究,1.,课文分为,几层,，作者笔下,“,鹏,”,是个什么样,形象,？,2,、文章借鲲鹏寓言说明什么,道理,？,3,赏析,句子：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里。”,21/37,1.,课文分为,几层,，作者笔下,“,鹏,”,是个什么样,形象,？,三层：第一层，从开头到,“,其翼若垂天之云,”,写北冥之鱼,由鲲到鹏改变,.,第二层：是,“,是鸟也,”,到,“,生物以息相吹也,”,引用齐谐之言，,写大鹏迁徙南冥气势,：乘风而起，击水三千，扶摇九万。第三层：从,“,天之苍苍,”,到结尾，作者仰观苍天，拟想大鹏俯瞰大地，,抒发了天地浑茫感叹。,作者笔下大鹏是一个,硕大无比，力大无穷，志存高远，善借长风,形象。,22/37,2,、文章借鲲鹏寓言说明什么,道理,？,说明,世间万事万物,存在都是依附于一定条件，它们活动都要有所凭借。,23/37,3赏析句子：“鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里。”,此句利用,丰富想像,，,奇特夸大,，,“击”“抟”,等字传神、生动，描写了鲲鹏振翼拍水，盘旋飞向九万里高空形象，这一形象能激发人,豪情壮志,，含有,强烈艺术感染力,。,24/37,文本探究：,4.“,天之苍苍,亦若是则已矣。”这句话表示了什么意思？,本句可译为“,天色湛蓝，是它真正颜色吗？还是因为天空高远而看不到尽头呢？大鹏从天空往下看，也不过像人在地面上看天一样罢了。,”意思是鹏鸟飞在天空看地面，和人们仰视天空看到是一样，都不能看到“正色”，人和大鹏对“正色”认识，都“有所待”，都受到距离限制，不能到达真正逍遥之境。,25/37,文本探究：,5.“,抟扶摇而上九万里”鲲鹏给了你怎样启示？,鹏鸟展翅高飞，威力无比，气势宏大，搏击于天空，启示人们要胸怀远大理想和理想，勇于搏击，勇于追求。,26/37,体味北冥有鱼艺术特色,借助寓言来说理,：说明,世间万事万物,存在都是依附于一定条件。,想象丰富，意境开阔,：如关于,鲲鹏神奇改变、鹏乘风而上，,以人之视天来想象鹏之视下。,丰富想象让文章汪洋恣肆，充满浪漫主义色彩。,利用了,比喻、夸大、顶真,等各种修辞手法。,27/37,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,本文刻画了巨鲲和大鹏形象，借大鹏“海运则将徙”，“野马”、“尘埃”凭借气息吹拂，来说明万物都有所凭借，都有局限道理。,主旨归纳,28/37,文中，作者极尽想象，描写了一个体积庞大、气势惊人大鹏鸟。当鹏鸟振翅而飞，由北向南壮游南海时，其气势极大：“水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里。”然而，即使大鹏神奇非凡，也依然要凭借“海运”所带来大风才能够飞到九万里高空。它正如当初处于乱世庄子，想要施展理想却受到外力束缚，不得自由。,29/37,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,李白一生常以大鹏自比，下面这首,上李邕,，是他写给当初德高望重名士、北海太守李邕。结合注释，并查阅工具书，说说诗人借助大鹏形象表示了怎样情感。,拓展延伸,30/37,大鹏一日同风起，扶摇直上九万里。,假令风歇时下来，犹能簸却沧溟水。,世人见我恒殊调，见余大言皆冷笑。,宣父,犹能畏后生,，丈夫未可轻年少。,宣父：指孔子。唐太宗贞观十一年（,637,）下诏尊称孔子为“宣父”。,畏后生：语出,论语,子罕,：“后生可畏，焉知来者之不如今也？”,31/37,一、重点词语积累,1.重点实词,(1)其翼若,垂,天之云 垂:,。,(2)海运则将,徙,于南冥 徙:,。,(3)水,击,三千里 击:,。,(4),抟,扶摇而上者九万里 抟:,。,(5),去,以六月息者也 去:,。,(6)亦若是则,已,矣,已:,停顿,。,知识梳理,悬挂,迁移,拍打,盘旋翱翔,离开,罢了,32/37,2.通假字,(1)北冥有鱼,通,意思,。,冥,溟,海,33/37,3.古今异义,(1),怒,而飞,古义:,，义:,。,(2),海运,则将徙于南冥,古义,，,今,义:,(3),天池,也,古义:,，今义:,（,4,）,野马,也,古义：今义：,振奋，用力鼓动翅膀,生气,发怒,海水运动,泛指海上运输,天然形成水池,高山湖泊名,山野中雾气,野生马,34/37,4.词类活用,(1)方位名词作状语,抟扶摇而,上,者九万里,原意为,在文中意思为,。,(2)形容词作名词,志,怪,者也,原意为,在文中意思为,。,方位名词,向上,奇怪,怪异事物,35/37,息,大风,名词，气息,5.,一词多义,去以六月,息,者也,。,生物之以,息,相吹也,。,36/37,(1)怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。,当它奋起而飞时候，那展开双翅就像悬挂在天空云。,(2)是鸟也，海运则将徙于南冥。,这只鹏鸟啊，海水运动时将要飞到南海去。,(3)抟扶摇而上者九万里，去以六月息者也。,它乘着旋风盘旋飞至九万里高空，它离开北海是凭借着六月大风。,(4)野马也，尘埃也，生物之以息相吹也。,山野中雾气，空气中尘埃，都是生物用气息吹拂结果。,句子检测,37/37,