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第一章 冠 词
一、冠词的概述
1、冠词的定义：冠词是用来表达名词特性的一种词，它表达名词可数还是不 可数、单数还是复数、任何一种还是特定的一种等。也就是 说，冠词与名词是严密连在一起的。冠词重要放在名词之前， 阐明名词所示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。
2、冠词的种类：
(1)不定冠词：有a/an 两种形式。“a〞用在以辅音音素开头的词前面，“an〞用 在以元音音素开头的词前面。判断一种词是以元音音素开头还是 以辅音音素开头，是根据读音而不是根据字母。
(2)定冠词:只有the 一种形式。
3、冠词的泛指、特指和类指的使用方法：
(1)泛指：指初次提到的、不限定的人或物。
(2)特指：指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方都清晰的特定的人或事物。
(3)类指：表达类别
4、 冠词的使用方法：
概述
冠词
使用方法
阐明
单数可数名词前一般要用冠词
a(n)
泛指
单一，每一，任一事物
类指
类别
the
特指
上文提到过的人或事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物
说话双方都清晰的人或事物
世上独一无二的事物
类指
类别
复数可数名词、不可数名词前
the
特指
上文提到过的人或事物
被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物
说话双方都清晰的人或事物
零冠词
泛指
人或事物
类指
类别
二、冠词考点纵览
知识点考点
考点对应经典例题剖析
考点一：
不定冠词a/an的使用方法
考点1：用于第一次提到的某人或某物之前。
(1) This is a book. 这是一本书。
(2) There is a boy in the classroom. 教室里有一种男孩。
(3) That is a schoolbag. 那是一种书包。
考点2：泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别于其他种类。
(1) A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
(2) A tiger can be dangerous. 老虎也许会很危险。
(3) A horse is useful to mankind. 马对人类有用。
考点3：泛指某人或某物。
(1) A girl is waiting for you. 一种女孩正在等你。
(2) I have a beautiful bedroom. 我有个漂亮的卧室。
(3) It is an excellent movie. 这是一部很棒的电影。
考点4：用于表达时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一“的意思，相称于every。
(1) two kilometers an hour 每小时两千米
(2) five lessons a week 每周五节课
(3) twice a month 每月两次
考点5：用于某些固定词组中。
(1) a few/little/bit 一点儿
(2) have a good time 玩的快乐
(3) keep a diary 写日记
(4) in a hurry 匆忙
考点6：用于可视为一体的两个名词前。
a knife and fork 一副刀叉
a cup and saucer 一副杯碟
考点二：
定冠词the的使用方法
考点1：表达双方都懂得的人或事物。
(1) Give me the book, please. 请给我那本书。
(2) Don’t worry, if you can’t come to the party. I will save some cake for you. 别担忧，假如你不能来参与晚会的话，我会给你留些蛋糕的。
(3) Open the door, please. 请把门翻开。
考点2：表达特指的或上文已提到过的人或事物。〔第一次提到用“a或an〞后来再次提到用“the〞〕
(1) Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？
(2) I have a book. The book is very interesting. 我有一本书。这本书很有趣。
(3) There is a shelf in my father’s room. The shelf is new. 我父亲房间里有一种架子。那个架子是新的。
考点3：表达世界上独一无二的事物。
(1) The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
(2) The moon is bright at night. 晚上月亮很明亮。
(3) The plane is flying in the sky. 飞机在空中飞。
(4) There are about 200 countries in the world. 世界上约有200个国家。
考点4：用在序数词，形容词最高级前面，以与对特定的两个人或事物进展比拟时的比拟级前。
(1) The first lesson is very easy. 第一课很简单。
(2) She is the most careful student in our class. 她是我们班最认真的学生。
(3) He is the younger of the two boys. 他是两个男孩中比拟小的那一种。
考点5：用在姓氏的复数名词前表达一家人或夫妻俩。
(1) The Greens are watching TV now. 格林一家人目前正在看电视。
(2) The Blacks are cleaning the house. 布莱克一家正在打扫房子。
(3) The Reads are having dinner. 瑞兹一家正在吃晚饭。
考点6：用在由一般名词构成的专有名词前。
(1) the West Lake 西湖
(2) the Great Wall 长城
(3) the United States 美国
(4) the United Nations 联合国
考点7：与某些形容词连用表达一类人。
(1) the poor 穷人
(2) the rich 富人
(3) the old 老人
(4) the sick 病人
考点8：用在表达方位或西洋乐器名称的名词之前。
(1) Jilin is in the north of China. 位于中国的北部。
(2) The sun rises from the east. 太阳从升起。
(3) I like playing the piano. 我喜欢弹钢琴。
(4) Lily is playing the violin. Lily正在拉小提琴。
考点9：用于某些固定词组中。
(1) in the morning/afternoon/evening (在上午/下午/晚上)
(2) in the end 最终
(3) by the way 顺便说一下
(4) at the moment 此时，此刻
考点三：
零冠词的使用方法
考点1：某些专有名词，如人名，地名，国名，物质名词，抽象名词等表达泛指时前面用零冠词。
(1) China is a great country. 中国是一种伟大的国家。
(2) Mary lives in New York. 玛丽住在纽约。
考点2：用在表达节日、日期、星期、月份、季节等词的前面，但假设特指某年的某个月份或某年的某个季节，那么需要在月份、季节前加〞the〞。
(1) June 1st is Children’s Day. 六月一号是小朋友节。
(2) Spring comes after winter. 春天在冬天过去之后到来。
(3) That event happened in the spring of 1932. 那件事发生在1932年的春天。
考点3：三餐、球类与学科名词前用零冠词。
(1) I went to school without having breakfast this morning. 今天早上我没吃早饭就去上学了。
(2) He often plays basketball after school. 他常常在放学后打篮球。
考点4：某些固定词组或习常用语中用零冠词。
(1) day and night 日日夜夜
(2) side by side 肩并肩
(3) in danger 在危险中
(4) on duty 值日
(5) in bed 卧病在床
考点四：
不定冠词a/an的区别
考点1：a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，判断一种单词是以元音音素开头还是以辅音音素开头，要根据其读音，而不是根据字母。
(1) He is an honest boy. 他是一种诚实的男孩
(2) There are sixty minutes in an hour. 一种小时有60分钟。
(3) There is an “f〞 in the word “five〞. 在单词five中有一种f。
考点2：记忆措施：不见元音不加an，不看字母看发音。
(1) 在26个字母中，前面用an的字母有：A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X, 其他用a.
(2) 以u开头的单词要注意区别：
an umbrella 一把伞
an unusual story 一种不一样寻常的故事
an unhappy boy 一种不快乐的男孩
a university 一所大学
a unit 一种单元
a European country 一种欧洲国家
a useful book 一本有用的书
考点五：
有无冠词的区别
考点1：常见短语有无冠词的区别。
(1) go to school 上学〔是学生〕
go to the school 到学校去〔不一定是学生〕
(2) go to bed 就寝，上床睡觉
go to the bed 向床边走去，走到床前〔不一定是去睡觉〕
(3) in hospital 因病住院
in the hospital 在医院里〔不一定是病人〕
(4) at table 吃饭
at the table 在桌子旁
(5) at school 在上学
at the school 在学校里
(6) in class 在上课
in the class 在班级里
(7) in future 此后
in the future 未来
(8) in front of 在…〔外部的〕前面
in the front of 在…〔部的〕前面
(9) next year 明年
the next year 次年
(10) by sea 乘船
by the sea 在海边
(11) on bed 〔睡，病，躺〕在床上
on the bed 〔某物〕在床上
(12) on earth 究竟
on the earth 在地球上
三、综合练习
( ) 1. There is ____apple on the desk.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 2. The girl under ____tree is my sister.
A. a B .the C .an D. /
( ) 3. Mary is from ____USA.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 4. He met ____friend of his on the road.
A. a B .the C .an D. /
( ) 5. Mr. Black will go back to England ____.
A .by air B .by a plane C. by trains D. at a train
( ) 6. Yesterday I went ____work on ____foot.
A. /; / B. /; the C. the; / D. the; the
( ) 7. There is ____〞h〞 in the word “hour〞, but ____“h〞 doesn’t make a sound.
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; an D .an; the
( ) 8. I’m going to see my mother. She is ill ____.
A. in hospital B. in the hospital C. in a hospital D. at a hospital
( ) 9. We have three meals ____day. We have____breakfast at 6：30 in ＿＿＿＿morning every day.
A. the; the; the B. the; /; the C. a; /; the D. a; the; the
( ) 10. ---This is ____film I’ve told you about several times.
---It’s great. I’ve never seen ____ more moving one.
A. a; a B. the; the C. the; a D. a; the
( ) 11. ---Tina，could you please play____piano for me while I’m singing？
---With pleasure.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 12. I want to try again. Please give me _____third chance again.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 13. ---What’s the matter with you?
---I caught ____bad cold and had to stay in ____bed.
A. a; / B. a; the C. a; a D. the; the
( ) 14. ____sun is shining brightly.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
( ) 15. Swimming is ____in summer.
A. a great fun B. great fun C. great funs D. great a fun
( ) 16. There is ____old woman in the car.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
( ) 17. Shanghai is in ____east of China.
A. / B. an C. the D. a
( ) 18. Bill is ____English teacher. He likes playing ____football.
A. a; the B. an; the C. an; / D. /; /
( ) 19. The museum is quite far. It will take you half ____hour to go there by ____bus.
A. an; / B. an; a C. a; / D. /; /
( ) 20. The story is ____interesting. That means it is ____interesting story.
A. an; the B the; a C. /; an D. /; a
( ) 21. Let’s go for ____walk, shall we?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 22. This is ____interesting story-book and it is also ____useful one.
A. a; a B. an; an C. an; a D. a; an
( ) 23. ____woman over there is ____popular teacher in our school.
A. A; an B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
( ) 24. They passed our school ____day before yesterday.
A. an B. one C. a D. the
( ) 25. Australia is ____English-speaking country.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 26. Don’t play ____ basketball here. It’s dangerous.
A. a B. an C. / D. the
( ) 27. This is ____ apple. It’s ____ big apple.
A. an; a B. a; the C. a; an D. an; the
( ) 28. --- Have you seen ____ bag? I left it here just now.
--- Is it ____ one on the chair near the door?
A. a; a B. the; the C. a; the D. the; a
( ) 29. I have _____ blue coat.
A. a B. an C. the D. some
( ) 30. This is _____ orange. _____ orange is on the table.
A. a; The B. an; The C. an; An D. the; An
( ) 31. Have you had _____ breakfast?
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 32. He wondered when the doctor could finish _____ operation.
A. a B. an C. the D. any
( ) 33. After _____ supper, he stayed at home and played _____ violin.
A. the; the B. /; the C. /; a D. /; /
( ) 34. There is ______ apple on the plate.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 35. He said that he got _____ “C〞 in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
( ) 36. ______ new bridge has been built over _____ Huangpu River.
A. The; a B. A; / C. A; the D. An; an
( ) 37. English is ______ useful language in ______world.
A. an; the B. a; the C. the; the D. an; an
( ) 38. In the word “carriage〞, _______ “r〞 is lost.
A. the B. an C. a D. /
( ) 39. With the help of his teacher he studied hard and got ______ “A〞 in the test.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
( ) 40. I have two dogs. ______ black one is two years old and ______ yellow one is three years old.
A. A; a B. The; a C. The; the D. A; the
( ) 41. Li Dan can play ______ piano very well.
A. / B. a C. an D. the
( ) 42. What ______ interesting film it is! I like ______ film very much.
A. a; the B. a; a C. an; the D. the; /
( ) 43. ______ tall man over there is our ______ English teacher.
A. A; the B. The; a C. A; an D. The; /
( ) 44._____ usually go to church every Sunday.
A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns
( ) 45. The train is running fifty miles ______.
A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour
( ) 46. Ann’s habit of riding a motorcycle up and down the road early in the morning annoyed the neighbors and ______ they took her to the court.
A. in the end B. at the end C. in an end D. in end
( ) 47. It is reported that today _____ president will have lunch with _____ President Obama.
A. the; the B. a; a C. the; / D. /; /
( ) 48. Tian’an Men Square and ______ Great Wall are two of the places everyone should see in ______ People’s Republic of China.
A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the
( ) 49. I’ll come in ______ minute; in fact I’ll come ______ moment I finish my homework.
A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a D. /; /
( ) 50. This is one of ______ interesting books on your subject.
A. the most B. the most of the C. most D. most of the
参照答案
1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. C
11. C 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. C
21. A 22. C 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. C 29. A 30. B
31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. A 36. C 37. B 38. B 39. B 40. C
41. D 42. C 43. D 44. D 45. A 46. A 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. A
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