情态动词语法市公开课一等奖省赛课微课金奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,情态动词,第1页,情态动词主要用以表示说话者对某一行为态度和观点，主要包含揣测、判断、需要、可能、各种意愿等。英语中常见情态动词主要有：,can,could,may,might,must,will,would,shall,should,ought to,dare,need,had better,have to,等。,1.,情态动词有一定意义，只表示期待或预计某事发生，不能 表示正在发生或已经发生事情。,2.,没有些人称和数改变，即情态动词第三人称单数不加,-s,（,have to,例外，单三为,has to,），但有时态改变,比如：,may-might,。,3.,有一定词义，但不能独立作谓语，它和后面动词组成谓语。,4.,情态动词除,ought,和,have,外，后面只能接,不带,to,不定式,。,情态动词语法特征,第2页,(1)can,和,could,使用方法,(1),表示有能力做或能够发生，意为,“,能，会,”,。过去式为,could,Can you finish this work tonight?,（表示能力）,Man cannot live without air.,(2,),表示请求允许和帮助，意为,“,能，能够,”,。,Can I go now?Yes,you can.,（表示请求和允许）,【,注意,】,could,也可表示请求，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，答语应用,can,（即,could,不能用于现在时态简略答语中）。,Could/Can I come to see you tomorrow?,Yes,you can.,（否定答语可用,No,Im afraid not.,）,第3页,(3),表示客观可能性即推测使用方法，多用于否定句和疑问句中，,could,只表示可能性比,can,小，不表时态。,(,否定推测,),Who is that man?Can it be your uncle?,No,it cant be him.,(4),can,也用,在必定陈说句中，表示,理论上可能性，意为,“,有时可能会,”,Anybody can make mistakes.,Even top students can make mistakes in the exam.,即使优异学生在考试中也可能会犯错。,第4页,(5)can,表示惊异、怀疑、不相信态度。,（,主要用在否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）,How can you be so careless!,你怎么能这么粗心！,This cannot be done by him.,这是不可能是他干。,(6)could have done,表示对过去情况推测，还能够表示,“,过去本能够做某事，但实际未做,”,。,cant/couldnt have done,表示对过去情况否定推测，,“,过去不可能做了某事,”,，还能够表示,“,过去不可能做了某事，但却做了。,He could have already arrived in Beijing.,He could have passed the exam,but he was too careless.,I saw her just now.She cant/couldnt have gone to Beijing.,I couldnt have done these goals without her,or without the others who support me.,第5页,can,和,be able to,can,表示能力时，还可用,be able to,代替。如：,Ill not be able to come this afternoon.,can,只有现在和过去两种时态形式，即：,can,和,could,；而,be able to,有谓语动词各种时态改变，还有非谓语动词形式。如：,I havent been able to read that report yet.,我还没来得及阅读汇报。,The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.,第6页,can,表示,“,能力,”,时，和,be able to,相当，许多场所都能够相互替换。但,在过去时态中,，强调,“,有能力,”,时，用,could,，强调,“,条件或情况允许,”,或强调,“,经过努力创造条件干成某事,”,时，用,was/were able to,。,比较：,He could(=was able to)swim when he was six years old.,(,叙述普通能力,),The fire was big,but most people were able to escape from it.,(,指经过了努力，所以不用,could),。,第7页,(2)may,和,might,使用方法,1,.,may,和,might,表示请求、许可。,表示征求同意和允许，表征求同意时，,might,比,may,语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用,mustnt,表示,“,不能够,”,、,“,禁止,”,、,“,阻止,”,之意。,may,表示,“,允许,”,，否定形式为,mustnt/cant,，表示,“,禁止、不允许、不能够,”,如：,You may keep the book for a week.,这本书你能够保留一星期。,Might I use your pen?,Yes,you may/can.,No,you mustnt/cant.,第8页,2,may,和,might,表示可能性，意为,“,可能，可能，大约,”,。,用于必定句和否定句中，,might,比,may,愈加不必定。,Mother may(might)be cooking now.,Are you coming to Marys birthday party?,Im not sure.I might go to the concert instead.,3.,对现在或未来事情推测，,may/might+,动原,I think he might/may come tomorrow.,第9页,3,“may(might)have,done,”,表示对过去推测，,“,过去可能做过某事,”,，也表示过去可能会发生，而实际并未发生事。如：,He may not have finished the work.,他可能没完成作业。（推测）,That was too dangerous.You might have killes yourself.,4,用于祈使句中表示祝福。如：,May you succeed!,祝你成功！,第10页,(3)will,和,would,使用方法,1.表示,意愿,意志和决心,would表示过去意愿。,Iwillpayyouattherateyouask.,Gowhereyouwill.,Hewouldnthelpmeyesterday.他昨天不愿帮助我。,2.表示,征求意见或提出请求,主要用于第二人称疑问句中，will和would均可用，would此时并不表过去，而表示委婉语气。如：,Wontyoutakeoffyourcoat?你要不要把大衣脱掉?,Willwouldyoupleaseposttheletterforme?请帮我寄了这封信好吗?,第11页,3.表示,习惯、倾向性或固有性质,，意为,“,经常，惯于，总是,”,will表示现在，would表示过去。,Oilwillfloatonwater.油总是浮在水上。,I,will go to see my grandma on weekends.,My father would have a walk after supper.,would/used to,区分,would,表示过去习惯性动作，不表示状态。所表示过去习惯性动作现在依然存在。,used to,可表示过去习惯性动作和状态。,所表示过去习惯性动作现在已不复存在。,I would go to the library when I was free.(,指过去，不过现在可能还去,),Pelple used to believe that the earth was flat.(,现在已经不再这么认为,),Father used not to be so forgetful.,第12页,(4),情态动词,shall,使用方法,(1)shall,用在主语是第一、三人称疑问句中，表示说话人,征求对方意见或向对方请示,。如：,What shall I get for dinner?,晚饭买点什么来吃？,Im sorry,The kids have been so noisy,Shall they go out for a while,？,No,，,not at all,They are lovely children,对不起，孩子们太吵了。要不要他们出去一会儿？,不，没事儿，孩子们挺可爱。,第13页,(2),shall,用在主语是第二、三人称陈说句中表示说话人给对方,命令、警告、允诺、劝慰或告诫等,，表示说话者对某人某物所持有主观立场和坚定信念。,You shall do it at once!,你必须马上做这件事！（命令）,You shall fail if you dont work harder.,（警告）,If you work hard,，,you shall have a nice present for your birthday,假如你努力学习，你过生日时将会得到一份精美礼品。（允诺）,You shall take some medicine and have a good sleep,，,my darling,！亲爱，你该吃些药，好好休息一下。,(,劝慰,),第14页,(3)shall,用在主语是第三人称陈说句中，表示,条约，规章，法令,等文件中表示义务或要求,惯用于官方文件中，表明含有法律效力。,(,而,should,表示应该，义务,),。,All payments shall be paid by the end of the month.,本月底全部款项必须付清。,No person shall carry a mobil phone into the examination room during the College Extrance Examination.,第15页,should,使用方法,1,should,表示职责、义务、劝说、提议、命令，其同义词是,ought to,；,“,应该,”,。往往表示说话者观点。,He should learn to be more polite.,他应该学会更讲礼貌。,2.should,表示,推测,.,普通强调有一定客观依据，按常理经验进行推理，语气上不如,must,强，意为,“,按道理说应该,”,。,Its nearly seven oclock.Jack should be here at any moment.,已经快七点了，按理说,Jack,该到了。,第16页,3.,用,“should,动词原形,”,表示说话人一个情绪，即表示“惊奇、惶惑、不满、惋惜”等这么一个强烈,感情色彩,，意为,“,竟然,”,。,I am surprised that he should eat so little every day,他天天吃得那么少真使我感到诧异。,Never did he expect that the conditions should be so terrible,他从来没有料到情况竟如此可怕。,Why should you be so late today?,你今天怎么来得这么晚？,第17页,4,“,should have,done,”,结构普通表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并,包含一个埋怨、责备口气,。如：,You shouldnt have blamed her so seriously;she is still a child.,你不应该这么严厉地指责她，她还是个孩子。,I should have helped her,but I never could.,我原来应该帮助她，但我从来没有这个能力。,“,should have,done,”,意为,“,本不应该做某事（而实际做了）,”,（相当于,oughtnt to have done,）,Tom shouldnt have told me your secret,but he meant to harm.,汤姆本不应该把你秘密告诉我，但他并无恶意。,第18页,5.,考查,should,用于其它虚拟语气句型使用方法。,用在,suggest,，,insist,，,require,，,order,等表示,“,提议，要求，命令等,”,动词,后面宾语从句以及其名词形式所接同位语从句、表语从句、主语从句中都应用,“should,动词原形,”,结构，且,should,能够省略。,注：当省略,if,时，可将,should,作为助动词放在句首，使句子倒装。,They suggested that the meeting(should)be put off to the next meeting.,他们提议会议推迟到下周。,We all agreed to his suggestion that we,（,should,）,go to Hangzhou for,Sightseeing,.,我们都同意他提议我们应该到杭州去观光旅游。,My advice is that we,（,should,）,do more eye exercises every day,.,我提议是我们天天应该多做眼保健操。,第19页,(2,),在主语从句,It is necessary,（,important,，,impossible,，,strange,，,natural,，,a pity,）,that,以下三种句型中，主句谓语动词应用,“,（,should,）动词原形,”,。,It is necessary that we should send for a doctor,我们很有必要派人请个医生来。,It is a pity that he,（,should,）,be so careless,他竟如此粗心真是令人遗憾。,第20页,(3,),should,能够用在条件状语从句中，表示与现在、过去或未来事实相反语气。,在,if,引导条件状语从句中，若表示与未来事实相反假设，条件句谓语动词能够用,“should,动词原形,”,；若,if,省略，,should,应提到句首，组成部分倒装，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。,Ask her to ring me up if you should see her.,你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。,If you should change your mind,please let us know.,万一你改变主意，请通知我们。,Should I(If I should)be free tomorrow I will come.,万一我明天有时间，我就来。,第21页,(5)must,1.,表示,义务，命令,等，意为,“,必须,”,。,You must finish your homework this afternoon.,You mustnt somke here.,2.,在必定句中，能够表示,必定推测,，意为,“,一定，必定,”,。,The light in her room is still on;she must be at home now.,3.,表示,与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦,，意为,“,偏要，非得要，偏偏,”,。,Must you make so much noise?,4.must have done,意为,“,一定做了,.”,，用于必定句中，表示,对过去必定推测,。,I didnt hear the phone ring.I must have been asleep.,第22页,(6)have to,使用方法,1.have to,意为,“,必须，不得不,”,，侧重指客观需要，可用于不一样时态,You have to clean the classroom before going home.,2.dont have to,意为,“,无须，没有必要,”,，即客观上没有必要做某事,You dont have to come with me.,have to,和,must,区分在于，一个表示客观一个表示主观。,His mother was ill and he had to stay there to look after her.(,客观需要,),I must admit I dont like her.(,主观看法,),第23页,need,还能够做实义动词，此时有些人称时态和数改变，后边常接,to,动词不定式。组成否定和疑问句时需要借助助动词,do,does,did.,Eg,：,He neednt do it.(,情态动词,),Eg,：,He doesnt need to do it.,（实义动词）,need,做实义动词时，还可表示,“,需要,”,，后接动名词或不定式被动形式表示被动含义。,Eg,：,My bike needs mending/to be mended.,第24页,dare,既能够做情态动词又能够做实义动词。做情态动词主要用于否定和疑问句中，过去式为,dared.,做实义动词和其它实义动词使用方法一致，在否定和疑问句中能够省掉,to,。,She dare not go out alone.,She doesnt dare to go out alone.,Dare she go out alone?,Does she dare(to)go out alone?,第25页,