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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,B,T,L,E,W,Lesson 1Thinking as a Hobby,1/76,Part One:Lead-in Part Two:About the Author,Part Three:Language StudyPart Four:Text AppreciationPart Five:Extension,CONTENTS,2/76,Part I Lead-in,Picture Description,Discussion and Quotations on,Thinking,3/76,Please describe the following pictures in detail and depict their symbolic meaning in your own words.,Goddess Venus,Picture Description,4/76,Rodins Thinker,The Leopard,5/76,Discussion about thinking,1.Well-known classification:,Affective thinking,Rational thinking,2.Explanation of thinking from the text proper,Grade-three thinking,Grade-two thinking,Grade-one thinking,6/76,I think so,because they all say so!,Its not true.What you said is self-contradictory.,Look!I dont care what everybody says.Here is the truth.,Which grade of thinker will say the below?,7/76,Grade-three,Grade-two,Grade-one,nature,proportion,behavior,consequence,Summary,8/76,Grade-three,Grade-two,Grade-,one,nature,prejudiced,ignorant,hypocritical,mocking,satirical,cynical,moral,logical,truth-seeking,proportion,9/10,fewer,fewest,behavior,stampede,group together,withdraw,lag behind,stick to truth,dare to lose,consequence,dangerous,destructive,constructive&creative,Summary of the three levels of thinking,9/76,“Intelligence is something we are born with.Thinking is a skill that must be learned.”,Edward de Bono,“I cannot teach anybody anything,I can only make them think.”,Socrates,Quotations on Thinking,“Nurture your mind with great thoughts.”,Benjamin Disraeli,10/76,“What is the hardest task in the world?To think.”,Ralph Waldo Emerson,“We think too small.Like the frog at the bottom of the well.He thinks the sky is only as big as the top of the well.If he surfaced,he would have an entirely different view.”,Mao Zedong,“Learning without thought is labor lost.,Confucius,11/76,Part II About the,A,uthor,William Golding,19111993,2.,w,inner,of 1983,Nobel Prize,in,l,iterature,1.,a British novelist and poet,3.m,asterpiece:,Lord of the Flies,(,蝇王）（1954）,5.,going to,Oxford University,(Brasenose College)in 1930,studying natural sciences and English language,later changing into literature,4.,the features of Goldings novel:,the intrinsic cruelty of man,6.,having received a,knighthood,from Queen Elizabeth II in 1988,12/76,Part III,Language Study,13/76,acquaintance,n.,a.(CN)a person whom one knows,b.(UN)knowledge or information about sth.or someone,acquaintanceship,n.,acquaint,v.,(with),to come to know personally;to make familiar;to inform;,Examples:,She,has become merely a nodding,acquaintance,.,Few of my,acquaintances,like kiwi.,The guide has some,acquaintance,with Italian.,He has a wide,acquaintanceship,among all sorts of,people.,点头之交,认识人,懂一点意大利语,交往甚广,Tr,a,nslation,14/76,Examples:,Let me,acquaint,you,with,my family.,You must,acquaint,yourself,with,your new duties.,Please,acquaint,us,with,your plans.,be(become,get)acquainted with,I am already acquainted with the facts.,make sb.s acquaintance(make the acquaintance of sb.),So pleased to have made your acquaintance.,认识某人,15/76,anguish,v.,(vi.)to feel or suffer anguish,n.,agonizing physical or mental pain,anguished,a.,suffering,agony,distress,grief,misery,pain,sorrow,torment,Synonyms,bulge,v.,to curve outward;to swell up;to stick out,n.,a.a protruding part;an outward curve or swelling,b.a sudden,usually temporary increase in number or quantity,Examples:,His pocket was,bulging,with sweets.,The baby boom created a,bulge,in school enrollment.,Examples:,She was in,anguish,over her missing child.,anguished,cries,16/76,confer,a.to bestow(e.g.an honor)授予,b.(vi.)to meet in order to deliberate together,or compare views 协商,Examples:,The government,conferred,a medal,on,the hero.,Diplomas,were conferred on,members of graduating class.,The engineers and technicians are still,conferring on,the,unexpected accident.,confer sth.on sb.,(,授予）,confer with sb.on/about sth.,award,Synonym,award sth.to sb.,award sb.sth.,17/76,contemplate,v.,a.to look at attentively and thoughtfully,b.to consider carefully and at length;,c.to have in mind as an intention or possibility,Synonyms,consider,ponder,meditate,deliberate,brood over,Examples:,She stood,contemplating,her figure in the mirror.,The young surgeon,contemplated,the difficult operation of kidney transplant.,She is,contemplating,a trip to Europe,but she hasnt planned it yet.,18/76,Word,formation,a.,c,ontemptible 可鄙，卑鄙,contemptuous 藐视，高傲，轻视,n.,scorn;a feeling that sb.or sth.is not important,and does not deserve any respect,contempt,He was utterly,contemptuous,of her efforts.,他完全蔑视她努力。,Evasion of ones duty is,contemptible,.,逃避职责乃可鄙之事。,Example:,I feel nothing but,contempt,for such dishonest behavior.,19/76,exalt,v.,a.to raise in rank,character,or status,b.to glorify,praise,or honor,exalted,a.,excited;noble;exaggerated,20/76,Sentence,Paraphrase,Writing,Device,Further,Understanding,1.,Theme,2.,Structure,3.,More Questions,Part,VI Text Appreciation,21/76,Sentence Paraphrase 1,I was not integrated,I was,if anything,disintegrated.,(Para.4),Forming a part of a harmonious group,The direct opposite of“integrated”,and therefore means some kind of trouble maker.This is not the the way the word is normally used.,on the contrary,22/76,Sentence Paraphrase 2,The muscular gentleman contemplated the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom.,(Para.9),To think for a long time in order to understand better in,a gloomy manner,The author expressed the boys viewing of the image of Thinker in a humorous way to show that the thinking doesnt make any sense to him.,23/76,The teachers glasses caught the light and therefore the boy could not see the teachers eyes.He could not have any eye contact.He could have any communication with him.,The implied meaning of this sentence,is that they could not communicate,not because of this but because of the teachers lack of understanding of the boy.,Sentence Paraphrase 3,His spectacles caught the light so that you could see nothing human behind them.There was no possibility of communication.,(Para.9),To have the light shine on it brightly and suddenly,24/76,Question:,How are the three statuettes described by the boy?,Scan the text and list out the related information.,Venus,Leopard,Rodins,Thinker,naked with nothing but a bath towel;no arms;in an unfortunate position,crouching;,naked,naked,muscular,who sat,looking down;his chin on his fist and elbow on his knee,frozen in panic,worrying about the towel,busying being beautiful,ready to spring down at the top drawer from the cupboard,utterly miserable;contemplate the hindquarters of the leopard in endless gloom,busy,being,natural,not,miserable,an,image of pure thought,25/76,Sentence Paraphrase 4,On one occasion he headmaster leaped to his feet,reached up and put Rodins masterpiece on the desk before me.(Para.13),to jump up,to move a hand or arm upward in order to touch,hold,or pick up sth.,Three,parallel verb,phrases are used to describe the sequence of his actions.,More examples,to ones feet,26/76,to leap to ones feet,to rise to ones feet,to struggle to ones feet,to stagger to ones feet,to help sb.to ones feet,to pull sb.to his feet,一跃而起,站起身来,挣扎着站起来,蹒跚而立,扶某人站起来,把某人拉起来,27/76,Sentence Paraphrase 5,Nature had endowed the rest of the human race with a sixth sense and left me out.(Para.15),A keen intuitive(直觉)power.Here the author means the ability to think.,To provide sb.with a natural quality or talent,Everybody,except me,are born with the ability to think.,28/76,Note the humorous effect achieved through the use of the exaggeration and formal style.,Sentence Paraphrase 6,The fresh air had to struggle with difficulty to find its way to his chest because he was unaccustomed to this.,He would stagger or be thrown off balance,Unable to do anything for the rest of the morning,V-ed and V-ing as object complement,You could hear the wind,trapped in his chest and struggling with all the unnatural impediments.His body would reel with shock and his face go white at the unaccustomed visitation.He would stagger back to his desk and collapse there,useless for the rest of the morning.(Para.19),29/76,Writing Devices 1,It is the deliberate use of overstatement or exaggeration to achieve emphasis.,You could hear the wind,trapped in his chest,and,struggling with all the unnatural impediments,.His body would,reel with shock,and his face go white,at the unaccustomed visitation,.He would,stagger,back to his desk and,collapse,there,useless for the rest of the morning,.(Para.19),Hyperbole（夸大）,30/76,Sentence Paraphrase 7,Mr.Houghton was given to high-minded monologues about the good life,sexless and full of duty.(Para.20),To be habitually inclined to do(sth.):e.g.,He is much given to blowing his own trumpet.,She was given to hasty decision.,a highly moral speech,Obviously in Mr.Houghtons clean life,there is no place for alcoholic drink,sex,and other worldly pleasures.This is,of course,ironical.,31/76,The author is ridiculing the contradiction between his high moral tone and the working of his genes which compels him to turn his head toward young girls.,Sentence Paraphrase 8,Yet in the middle of these monologues,if a girl passed the window,his neck would turn of itself and he would watch her out of sight.In this instance,he seemed to me ruled not by thought but by an invisible and irresistible spring in his neck.(Para.20),To turn by itself;to turn on its own,Parallel structure of two prepositional phrases to show the contrast,Metaphor:his sexual impulse,32/76,Writing Devices 2,Metaphor（暗喻）,It is like a simile,also makes a comparison between two unlike elements,but unlike a simile,this comparison is implied rather than stated.,He seems to me ruled not by thought but by,an,invisible and irresistible spring in his neck,.(Para.20),It took the swimmer some distance from the shore,and left him there,out of his depth,.(Para.29),33/76,Writing Devices,Metonymy（转喻）,In metonymy,an idea is evoked or named by means of term designating some associated notion.“It”stands for“thought”in grammar,but actually refers to Mr.Houghton,and it is vulgar to refer to a girl as a skirt.,It will lecture on disinterested purity while its neck is being remorselessly twisted toward a skirt.(Para.23),Mr.Houghton,More examples,girls,34/76,Democracy favors the,vote,rather than the,bullet,.,(Vote=election,bullet=military solutions),“Political power grows out of,the barrel of a gun,.”,(Mao Zedong refers it to the military revolution),Bill Gates,is the king of operating systems worldwide.,(Bill Gates=Microsoft),The,pen,is mightier than the,sword,.,(pen=writer;sword=fighter),35/76,Sentence Paraphrase 9,Technically,it is about as proficient as most businessmens golf,as honest as most politicians intentions,or as coherent as most books that get written.(Para.23),orderly,logical,and consistent relation of parts,This ironical sentence shows that the author not only considers those people incompetent,dishonest and incoherent,but also despises most businessmen,distrust most politicians and dislikes most publications.,36/76,Writing Devices 3,Irony（反语）,Irony is the expression of ones meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite,typically for humorous or emphatic effect.,Technically,it is about,as proficient as most,businessmens golf,as honest as most politicians,intentions,or as coherent as most books that get,written,.(Para.23),Mr.Houghton was given to,high-minded,monologues,about,the good life,sexless,and,full of,duty,.(Para.20),37/76,Sentence Paraphrase 10,I no longer consider the way grade-three thinkers think unimportant because they account for nine-tenths of the people and therefore have great power.Now I know that ignorance,prejudice and hypocrisy are very powerful enemies.,I no longer dismiss lightly a mental process.(Para.24),38/76,The author thinks that it is probably human nature to enjoy agreement because it seems to bring peace,security,comfort and harmony.,Sentence Paraphrase 11,A crowd of grade-thinkers,all shouting the same thing,all warming their hand at the fire of their own prejudices Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the same way on the side of a hill.(Para.24),all feeling very content and happy because they share the same prejudices,Simile:enjoy the peaceful,safe and harmonious environment,39/76,Writing Devices 4,Simile（明喻）,It makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common.To make the comparison,words like“as”,“as.as”,“as if”and“like”are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.,Man enjoys agreement as cows will graze all the,same way on the side of a hill.(Para.24),They all came tumbling down like so many rotten,apples off a tree.(Para.31),40/76,Sentence Paraphrase 12,Grade-two thinkers do not stampede easily,though often they fall into the other fault and lag behind.Grade-two thinking is a withdrawal,with eyes and ears open.It destroys without having the power to create.(Para.25),to get easily frightened and run with the crowd,to go to the other extreme,that is to act too slowly and lag behind,detachment:(冷漠)as from social or emotional involvement;refusing to be part of the crowd.,41/76,Sentence Paraphrase 13,too much attention or excitement to unimportant things,to replace,pay,reward,It made me watch people shouting in joy and support of the King and wonder what this senseless excitement was all about although I did not have anything good to replace this exciting or intoxicating patriotism.But I did get something out of it.,object complement,It set me watching the crowds cheering His Majesty the King and asking myself what all the fuss was about,without giving me anything positive to put in the place of that heady patriotism.But there were compensations.(Para.25),42/76,Sentence Paraphrase 14,She claimed that the Bible was literally inspired.I countered by saying that the Catholics believed in the literal inspiration of Saint Jeromes,Vulgate,and the two books were different.Argument flagged.(Para.26),A true historical record,The Latin translation of the Bible,used in a revised form as the Roman Catholic authorized version,to become dull,“Both Methodists and Catholics believed that their Books are a true record of the Gods divine plan.”The author used this example to defy Ruths illogical opinion,therefore the argument became dull because Ruth didnt know how to respond to it.,43/76,Sentence Paraphrase 15,That was too easy,said I restively since there were more Roman Catholics than Method
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