6月大学英语四级写作强化.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,四级写作内容篇,题材现实性,四级写作题材含有显著现实性，基本能够分为两大类：,1.贴近大学生学习工作及课余生活校园题材,2.论及当前社会现象、发展改变及进步热点话题。,1/96,1.Recreational Activities(.6),2.What Electives to Choose(.12),3.Welcome to Our Club(.6),4.Volunteers Needed(.6),5.Should the University Campus Be Open to Tourist?(.12),6.Teachers Day(.6),7.A Campaign Speech(.1),8.A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction(.6),9.A Letter in Reply to a Friend(.1),校园题材,2/96,关于这类题材近五年真题作文列举以下：,1.Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags(.12),2.Spring Festival Gala on CCTV(.12),-3,How Should Parents Help Children to be Independent?（）,1.当前不少父母为孩子包办一切,2.为了让孩子独立,父母应该,四级作文命题透析,社会热点话题,3/96,健康,:1身体健康-,health:physical:-keep fit;wellbeing(emotional/physical/psychological),.12/.06/.12/98.06/93.01/91/90,2人心理健康,：,psychologically,mentally:,independent,cooperative,competitive,considerate,confident,creative,sociable,selfish,isolated,conservative-.12(绿色校园不但指绿色环境）/.12/.06参加社团缓解压力,4/96,教育与娱乐,：recreation,relax,entertainment;cultivate,foster,enlighten,give inspiration to,motivate,expand ones horizon,促进学生身心发展：,promote,the students physical,intellectual and emotional development(well-rounded/versatile)mould ones character;,team spirit,.06(博物馆无偿开放目标）-.06（娱乐使人们受益）/.12(学生选课不一样原因)/.06(参加社团好处)/.12(看春晚),5/96,方便VS效率：,.12一次性塑料袋广泛使用/.06计算机普及程度/.01食堂服务/1994.01当代化交通工具发达./1991.01-自行车在中国这么普及,.06学生自由选择教师方便学生,提升办学效率,6/96,节约和浪费,：save time/money/space;economical,thrift;waste time/money/space;costly,.06博物馆作为教育资源/.12塑料袋使用/.01报考专业理由(人才浪费).01-对食堂批评;,.01 上大学费用(taking a part-time jobease/alleviate family financial burden,1996.01双休日可能给大学生带来问题,1998.01假冒伪劣商品对个人(浪费金钱),7/96,环境,：environment,pollute,poisonous,dirty,contamination,detrimental to,sustainable development;,.12/.06公共设施环境维护（图片）/.12preserve environment/.06社团主要内容环境保护组织”heal the world”,.12校园是否对游客开放/1990.06-城市绿化,8/96,安全和危险,：safe,danger,risk.06(公共场所存在安全隐患)/.06/98.01假冒伪劣产品安全隐患/97.06大学生了解社会必要性(社会险恶,陷阱trap)/96.01双休日带来问题travel;,9/96,经验,：,working experience,social experience,enter the society;practical experience;,associate,theory with practice;（,interpersonal skills),.12开设选修课目标/.06社团好处:expand ones horizon;enlarge our knowledge;/.01具备胜任学生会主席条件/.01-取得面试成功原因/,97.06大学生了解社会必要性,10/96,个人权利与自由:.12学生选课不一样原因,/.06允许学生选择老师(学生权利student centered)/,.01 报考专业理由,11/96,用词是否恰当，准确，形象，关键词是否换用，切勿老用重复词；P5,Goodadvisable/sensible/informative/useful/instructive;,Goodbeneficial,advantageous,helpful;excellent,outstanding;,Badundesirable/mindless/worthless;,Badharmful,baneful,detrimental,12/96,Lots ofa,host of,a vast number of(可数名词），a great deal of,a vast amount of(不可数名词）-substantial;considerable;,heaps of,Important,crucial,vital,significant,key;P4;indispensable/integral;,13/96,desire 替换want,pour attention into 替换pay attention to,bear in mind that 替换remember,促进/提升/增强/改进 give a,boost,to/enhance/motivate/better/promote,14/96,角色与功效,Play an important(active,major,central,crucial,essential,integral,prominent,vital)role,Play a big part-,Take a leading part-,15/96,允许与阻止,Makepossible,电脑使用促使人们在家上班:The use of computers and other high-tech office equipment has made it possible for more people to work from home.,16/96,Enable,encourage,entitle,谈中国老年人怎样受到社会尊重适合用于个人/社会类话题,In China,respect for senior citizens is shown in the fact that they,are entitled to,many public services free of charge.,17/96,Stop,keep,prevent,prohibit,太多学业压力对学生负面影响,Too much academic pressure,deprives,young students,of,the opportunity to take part in any extracurricular activities and,prevent,them from enjoying their school years.(hinder-obstructhedge),Depriveprivilege;-shelterpensioncompensate;-courtesy;,18/96,Increasing(ly),growing 替换more and more(注意没有growingly这种形式。所以当修饰名词时用,increasing/growing.修饰形容词，副词用increasingly.,sth has gained growing popularity.,Sth is increasingly popular with the advancement of sth.,19/96,非常地exceedingly/extremely/greatly/remarkably/significantly/utterly),在当代,In contemporary society,in present-day society,in this day and age;,for my part,from my own perspective 替换 in my opinion,20/96,破坏,Destroy;impair;undermine;jeopardize;devastate;,支持观点（be for/con,vin,ce/insist/voice a support for/vote for)(,win,),反对观点(argue against/,combat,/disagree with/disregard/oppose)(go astrayflourishrivalthriveadministration),21/96,Transformchange(应用:科技改变我们生产和生活方式,环境改变教育思绪取消文理分科,通才教育generalist);,Preserveprotect-保护某种资源，natural resources or old buildings-demolishtear down;-英国人尊重历史和文化。,22/96,处理,:Solve,deal with,cope with,handle,resolve,address,tackle,(economic crisis,deteriorated environment,shortages of water,unemployment,traffic jams.)_;,培养,：Develop,cultivate,foster,culture(educationcultivate the spirit of independence,23/96,认为：maintain,assert,hold,argue,be convinced,be firmly convinced,消除：Eliminate,clear,remove,clear up,Alleviateease;减轻,缓解(就业压力,新能源缓解资源担心;经济增加方式转变缓解发展压力-A number of measures were taken to alleviate the problem.),Worsendeteriorate;aggravate(环境恶化),24/96,人们认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that,适应形势/改变：adapt/adjust/accommodate(使适应)oneself to new environment/change;,接触各种思想/经历：be exposed to new ideas/experiences/problems,25/96,影响与冲击,Profound/Significant,Damaging Devastating Destructive disastrous,Influence Impact Effect affect,26/96,When asked about the function of media,many,people agree to the first view.,另外，表示“多”词还有：vast,quite a few,an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a great number of,Cheating in exam,happens,in our daily life.,Dishonesty occurred more and more in our society.,the overwhelming majority of,has become a common occurrence,27/96,Obviously,the picture,shows,that a culture of one nation may become international,which is beneficial to all the human beings.,show:,indicate,reveal,suggest,prove,As the,number,shows,nearly 200 billion dollars are lost in tobacco every year.,number:,figure,statistics,28/96,用词生动性,is,首先前者问题在于be动词是静态，没有活力，there be 也是如此。,make,make sb.do sth-英语词化程度较高，存在大量词语，一个单词存在使得很多词语不再被需要dismay 使震惊，convince 使信服.,29/96,防止be,形式表示，尽可能选择表示强有力,行为动词,，写出,生动,，,简练,，有力，耐读和连贯文章。,30/96,There is,a beautiful park near my house.The name of the,park is,Tian-Tan Park,which,was built,several hundred years ago.,It is,the biggest park in Beijing.The Tian-Tan park,is famous,not only for its beauty but its quietness as well.,Near my house,stands,Tian-Tan,the biggest park in Beijing,built,several hundred years ago and famous now for not only its beauty but also its quietness.,31/96,Ecological imbalances is the biggest threat to the survival of wild animals and plants.,Ecological imbalances threaten the survival of wild animals and plants,even human beings.,The Internet makes me learn English more conveniently.,The Internet facilitated my English study,32/96,His criminal record made him unable to be admitted to the university.,His criminal record,disqualified him from,being admitted to the university.,33/96,防止一味用 There is 开头。,There are more and more people who realize the relation between examination and teaching methods.,The relation between the examination and teaching methods is increasingly recognized.,34/96,防止一味用People,I,We 开头,We will always remember the smile on her face.,The smile on her face will be firmly rooted in our minds.,We certainly should offer good service.,Good service is certainly required.,35/96,It-句型广泛使用,It must be pointed out that.必须指出It must be admitted that.必须认可It is imagined that.人们认为It can not be denied that.不可否定It will be seen from this that.由此可知It should be realized that.必须认识到It is(always)stressed that.人们(总是)强调It may be said without fear of exaggeration that.能够毫不夸大地说,36/96,变换句式优化文章,Lecture 1 长句和短句变换,Lecture 2 主动句和被动句变换,Lecture 3 非谓语从句变换,Lecture 4 比较句变换,Lecture 5 涣散到紧凑变换,37/96,变换句式优化文章,短句变长句,受汉语思维习惯影响，很多考生往往会直接将脑子里意思译成英语，而忽略句与句之间联络，造成写出来句子无法表达英语作为“形合语言”特点。所以，在平时写作时，考生要注意前后句子之间是否存在联络，善于发觉各个简单句之间关联，用恰当连接词将简单句连接起来，组成准确地道复杂长句，增加文章气势。,【例1】,【原文】,Lies do harm to those who are being told lies.Lies also do harm to those who tell them.,【优化】,Lies,not only,do harm to those who are being told lies,but also,do harm to those who tell them.,38/96,【例2】,【例3】,【原文】,Usually,a fact is defined as a truth.The truth can be tested by observation or experimentation.,【优化】,Usually,a fact is defined as a truth,something,that,can be tested by observation or experimentation.,【原文】,Teenagers are pressured by school work.They are also encouraged by their peers.Under such circumstances,they resort to smoking.But sometimes they feel a little guilty.,【优化】,Pressured,by school work and,encouraged,by their peers,teenagers often resort to smoking,though,they feel a little guilty sometimes.,39/96,【例4】,【原文】,When I turned right on the corner,a motorbike knocked into a small car.The motorbike was red.There were two persons on the motorbike.The car was yellow.The motorbike fell down.The two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.The driver came out of the car at once,and asked about the two persons injuries.As soon as I saw that,I made a telephone call to 110.The traffic police arrived in a short time.,【优化】,When I turned right on the corner,a red motorbike,with,two persons knocked into a small,yellow car,.,Immediately,the motorbike fell down,and the two persons on the motorbike were slightly injured.,At that time,the car driver came out of the car,and,asked about the two persons injuries.,Seeing this,I dialed the 110.,In a short time,the traffic police arrived.,40/96,2.长句变短句,长句当然能表示出复杂而缜密思想，但假如片面追求复杂句子，反而会显得华而不实，成为表示累赘。写作中句子长短应依据表示需要而定。短句不但指句子长度较短，也指句子内部结构精炼，简练是写作一个主要标准，用词累赘则是写作大忌。,【例1】,【原文】His father,who is a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.,【优化】His father,a salesman,became a millionaire overnight.,【例2】,【原文】Perhaps they basically distrusted our capacity to judge correctly.,【优化】They,distrusted our judgment,.,41/96,一、将下面长句和短句进行优化改写，使其更符合表示要求。,【原句】【优化】,The captain,a tall,thin man,with a big mustache,was pacing the bridge with a look of importance,.,The grading system at our college should be abolished,because neither the students nor the instructors like it,.,1.The captain was a tall,thin man with a big mustache.He was pacing the bridge with a look of importance.,2.The grading system at our college should be abolished.The students dont like getting grades.The instructors dont enjoy giving grades.,42/96,【原文】【优化】,The seriousness,of the problem on the reserves of raw materials shows that it is important to set up a plan,to conserve and divide up,fairly natural resources on a worldwide scale.,Those who,dont like having roommates,argue that,several people living together causes some unpleasantness,because,every person has his or her own way.,5.Natural resources are very limited.They will be exhausted in the near future.It is not true.But it becomes a major concern around the world.This is a widely accepted fact.,4.Some students dont like having roommates.They think every person has his or her own way.And several people living together causes some unpleasantness.,3.The problem of the reserve of raw materials is becoming more serious.It shows it is important to begin a plan.We should conserve and divide up the natural resources on a worldwide scale.,It is a widely accepted fact,that,there is a major concern around the world for t,he exhaustion of limited natural resources,in the near future,though,it is unlikely to be true.,43/96,二、请按照所给提醒对下面作文进行句式优化,【原文】,【优化】,With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country,studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that if they go to study overseas they can get many benefits in different ways.First,when they live in a foreign country,they can improve their foreign language skills.Second,if they complete part or all of their education overseas,they can gain a broader or different perspective on their field of study.Third,they can experience a different culture first-hand.,【提醒】将中宾语从句改为简单句，将其中条件状语从句改为主语。将中时间状语从句改为现在分词短语。将中条件状语从句改为主语，该句变为简单句。,【优化】,With the deepening of reform and opening up of our country,studying overseas is becoming an increasingly popular option.People who choose to further their studies abroad insist that,overseas study can benefit them in different ways,.First,living in a foreign country,they can improve their foreign languages skills.Second,completing part or all of their education overseas helps them gain,a broader or different perspective on their field of study.Third,they can experience a different culture first-hand.,44/96,However,there are still many people who favor studying at home.They argue that,studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off and have no language and cultural barriers.,【提醒】将改成两句，分别陈说两个理由。,As for me,I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense.If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources,they should seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision,while if conditions dont permit them to go abroad,they can pursue their studies at top universities in our country.The place where they study is not very important for them,and instead,it is what they can learn that is the most important.,【提醒】将改成两句，分别陈说两种不一样情况。经过notbut将简化成一个简单句。,【优化】,However,there are still many people who favor studying at home.They argue that,studying abroad is too expensive and therefore does not pay off.,Whats more,there are no language and cultural barriers when studying in our country.,【优化】,As for me,I believe both opinions are acceptable in some sense.,If students who wish to have overseas academic experience have got the chances and financial resources,they should,seize the opportunity to go abroad and broaden their vision.,On the other hand,if conditions dont permit,they can,pursue their studies at top universities in our country.,What counts is not,the place where they study,but,what they can learn.,45/96,主动句和被动句变换,与汉语相比，英语更重视动作本身，而不是动作执行者，所以在英语中被动语态使用相对多一些，但这并不表明要一味地追求被动语态使用。,主动变被动,1）不需要表达动作执行者,【原文】,We should pay more attention to the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.,【优化】,More attention should be paid to,the elderly who had devoted their youth and energy to our country.,46/96,2）需要强调动作承受者,【原文】,The employees elected Mr.Li chairman of the committee last week.,【优化】,Mr.Li was elected,chairman of the committee by the employees last week.,3）保持陈说对象一致，以求行文通顺,【原文】,When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport,hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.,【优化】,When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport,he was,immediately,surrounded,by hundreds of reporters.,47/96,2.被动变主动,1）需要表达动作执行者,【原文】,If you are friendly to others,you will be held hospitable attitude towards by them and vice versa.,【优化】,If you are friendly to others,t,hey will hold hospitable attitude,towards you and vice versa.,2）保持陈说对象一致，以求行文通顺,【原文】,One very important quality developed by many individuals during a first job is self-reliance.This quality was cultivated by me when I was allowed by my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project.,【优化】,During their first job,many individuals develop,their very important quality of self-reliance.I,cultivated,this quality when,my supervisor allowed,me t