原创：动词不定式复习课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,诚 勤 健 雅,模板制作：陈勇华 熊 政,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,动词不定式的几个问题,三里畈高中 杨波,一、动词不定式的优势：可以作除了谓语动词以外的所有成分,;,动词不定式的缺陷：只能表示“,将来和未发生,”。,二、动词不定式的时态和语态：,时态,主动,被动,一般式,to do,to be done,进行式,to be doing,/,完成式,to have done,to have been done,不定式运用口诀,本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。,样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢。,大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，,作主宾时用“,it”,自己在后把身藏。,七个感官三使役，宾补要把,to,甩开；,疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；,逻辑主语不定式，不定式前,for sb.;,to,前,not,是否定，各种用法区别开。,三、动词不定式的功能：,1,名词、形容词、副词。,2.,可作成分：除谓语以外的所有成分。,（,1,）作主语：,1.,To master a foreign language,is necessary for a college student.,2.It is good manners,to help people in trouble.,（形式主语问题）,（,2,）作表语,1.Your job is,to wash dishes.,2.All I did was,(to)give him some advice.,当作表语的不定式解释主语中,do,的意义时，,to,可以省略,。,（,3,）作宾语,一些动词要用不定式作宾语,常见的动词有,want,hope,wish,ask,choose,decide,expect,manage,offer,promise,refuse,seek,try,pretend,learn,afford,need,等。,She promised,to give him a chance.,决心学会选计划，拒绝答应想假装。,主动设法愿希望，同意请求帮一帮。,准备威胁易声称，渴望申请败踌躇。,decide/determine,learn,choose,plan;,refuse,promise,want/attempt,pretend.,offer,manage,expect/wish/hope;,agree,ask/beg,help.,prepare,threaten,tend,claim;,desire/long,apply,fail,hesitate,少数介词后面可跟不定式作宾语,1.,It has no choice but,to lie down and sleep.,2.,They didnt open their mouths except,to complain.,当句子中含有,实义动词,do,（做）的某种形式,或,有情态动词修饰,时,动词不定式省去,to,否则不省,.,He does nothing but,play all day,.,At the news she didnt say anything but,to cry,.,Cannot but,cannot choose but,cannot help but,之间的不定式,一般不带,to,常翻译为“不得不”,I can not but admire her courage.,He can not choose but do it.,I can not help but love it.,（,5,）作主语补足语,I was asked to help him with his lessons.,主语补足语就是主动语态中的宾语补足语,She was seen to go out a minute ago.,He was made to give up drinking.,He was heard practising singing a song this time yesterday.,（,6,）作定语,与所修饰词在逻辑上有以下几种关系,She was the first girl to work out the problem.(,主谓关系,),He has an important meeting to attend.(,动宾关系,),He keeps his promise to write to us regularly.(,同位关系,),不定式作宾语，动词如果不是及物动词，后面应加必要的介词,The ice is too thin for us to walk on.,I hired a room to live in when in the US.,（,7,）作目的状语,to,可用,in order to,或,so as to,代替（,so as to,不能置于句首）。,She got off the rain in Beijing to see a friend.,Some scientists went to Germany to attend a medical conference.,They started very early in order not to miss the train.,（,8,）作结果状语,不定式作结果状语表示出乎意料的结果，而且不定式前常有,only,never,强调惊讶或失望。,V-ing,作结果状语强调一种必然的因果关系。,He hurried to his house,only to find it was broken into.,I stood there,never to be feeling so stupid.,Her parents died,leaving her an orphan.,There was a tornado yesterday,causing 100 deaths.,He seems to know French.,I expect to hear from you soon.,The boy pretended to be listening when the teacher looked at him.,He seems to have read the novel.,The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to stop the pollution.,Id like to have been told the news earlier.,四、不定式的复合结构,1.,疑问词,+,不定式 的复合结构,When to start,has not been decided yet.,The problem is,how to persuade him to change his mind.,We must learn,what to do,in face of difficulties.,I wonder if you could tell me,how to get to the station.,2.,带有逻辑主语的结构,Its kind,of you to lend me such a beautiful necklace.,Its important,for us to master a foreign language.,The first thing,for us to do,is to clean the room.,It is of sb.to do,此结构中的形容词说明逻辑主语的特征，可作逻辑主语的表语,It is for sb.to do,此结构中的形容词说明句中行为动词的特征,It is foolish of you to say such words.,You are foolish to say such word.,It is necessary for us to learn our lessons well.,We are necessary to learn our lessons well.,动词不定式中的几个难点,一、难记住的动词。,一些谓语动词后只能接带,to,的不定式作宾语，,这样的谓语动词大约,40,个，我们可以编成口诀来辅助记忆。,口诀：,决心学习想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。,主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。,解析：,decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;,refuse,manage,care,pretend;,offer,promise,choose,plan;,agree,ask/beg,help.,二、难辨清的动词。有些谓语动词后既可以接不定式,to,又可以接动名词,ing,，,但意义不相同。,remember,forget,regret,接不定式表将来、未发生，译成“要,”,；,接动名词表已完成，译成“做过,”;,I still remember,to the,Shaolin,Temple and what I saw there.,to take B.to be taken C.taking D.being taken2009,(,答案,D),2.try to do,表“设法、千方百计”，,try doing,表“试着,”,；,3.stop to do,表“停止原来的事情去做另外的事情”，,stop doing,表“停止做某事”；,4.go on to do,表“继续做另一事情”，,go on doing,表“继续做原来的事情”；,“,So much for the new words and expressions;lets go on _the text.”,the teacher said with a smile.,to talk about B,talking about C,to be talking D,talk about,（答案,A,）,5.mean to do,表“想要,”,mean doing,表“意思是、意味着”；,6.,当,want,require,need,，,demand,deserve,，,bear,表示“需要、要求”等时，,常用动名词的主动形式表被动意思，也可以用动词不定式的被动形式；,This room needs _.Its too shabby.,paint B.painting C.to pain D.painted,（答案,B,）,7.only to do,表“结果却,”,only doing,表“结果是,”,；,8.cant help to do,表“不能帮助做某事”，,cant help doing,表“忍不住做某事”；,9.,情感动词,like,dislike,love,hate,prefer,等接,to do,表“一次性动作”，,接,doing,表“习惯性动作”。如：,I like shopping,but I dont like to go shopping today.,10.need,dare,在陈述句中作行为动词，后接,to do,在疑问句和否定句中可作,情态动词，后接动词原形。,三、作宾补时，在主动态中省掉,to,在被动态中补起来的谓语动词。,此类动词我们可以概括为：,五看：,look at,see,watch,notice,observe;,三使：,let,make,have;,二听：,listen to,hear;,一感觉：,feel.,如：,The boss made them,work,from morning till night.,They were made,to work,from morning till night.,四、介词,but,except,besides,，,other than,及动词,had better,would rather,would ratherthan,后的动词。如果介词前有行为动词,do,的某种形式，或被情态动词,can,could,修饰则介词后用动词原形（及不带,to,的不定式），否则用,to do,。如：,We could do nothing but/other than wait.,I cant choose but to laugh.,We have no choice but to wait.,五、不定式结构的逻辑主语用,for sb.,还是,of sb.,主要由作表语的形容词来决定。,通常表示“态度、评价”的形容词后用,of,，如：,kind,bad,polite,right,wrong,careless,反之用,for.,It was difficult for me to do the work.,Its kind of you to think so much of us.,Its unwise of them to turn down the proposal.,It was careless of her to make such a mistake.,六、多个动词连用现象。,在某些句型中，当主语部分有行为动词,do,时，作表语的不定式可以省略符号“,to”,，如：,All we have to do is push the button.,（三动词连用）,The only thing I can do is go on by myself.,（四动词连用）,All I could do was send him a telegram.,（四动词连用）,七、不定式后是否带介词。,当处于动宾关系的情况下，如果不定式是不及物动词，它后面应加上,必要的介词，如：,She has a lot of things to attend,to,.,The nurse has five children to look,after,.,Lets first find a room to put the things,in,.,判断是否带介词的最简单办法是：将动词和前面的名词联起来读，,如果需要才通顺就带介词。,如：,He has many activities to go in for.(,只有,go in for,才有参加的意思，,缺少,in,或者,for,，意思就改变了。,),八、下列结构用主动还是被动？,1.,如果不定式与最近的名词有主谓关系，但与句中的另一名词有主谓关系，,用主动形式表被动。,He has no one to take care of.(,与,no one,是动宾关系，但与,he,是主谓关系,),They found the lecture hard to understand.,Do you have any clothes to wash?(,是“你”洗,),，如果是问“我问你是否有衣服要我洗”,则用,Do you have any clothes to be washed?,2.,在以,There be,引起的句子中，用来修饰主语的不定式用主动被动都可以。,There is no time to lose/to be lost.,3.,不定式在以下形容词后,:easy,difficult,hard,heavy,light,cheap,expensive,good,nice,safe,dangerous,important,interesting,pleasant,(im)possible,fun,等用主动形式表被动意思。,This question is difficult _(answer).,Do you think him easy_(work)with?,4.The house is to let The manager is to blame.The reason is,not far to seek.,九、简略回答中省略到什么程度？,一般说来，省略结构中带到,to,为止，但,to,后若是主动词,have,或,be,时，,必须保留；如果谓语动词是,like,则后面的,to,被省掉。,1.-Sorry,I didnt finished doing my home work.,-You ought to have.,2.Our school is no longer what it used to be.,3.You may go if you like.,训练题,I.Rewrite the sentences,using the words given to you.,1.“Why dont you,play the role of queen,in the play?”,I encouraged her,_,in the play.,2.“Dont forget to wear your gloves.Its freezing.”,I reminded her _as it was freezing.,3.“You cant take the box of treasure away.”,I did not allow her _of treasure away,4.“Why cant they sing some well-known songs?”,Id prefer them _some well-known songs,5.“Do you want to understand the poem?Ill help you.”.,I helped him_,to play the role of queen,to wear her gloves,to take the box,to sing,(to)understand the poem,.,II.Combine these sentences,1.She thought of this idea first.(She was the first person),She was the first person to think of the idea,2.We need to weigh the flesh.(Lets find something),Lets find something to weigh the flesh.,3.Is there anything you wish to say?(What do you have),What do you have to say?,4.That will be the only thing we have to do now.,(That will be the only thing),That will be the only thing to do.,III.Complete the following sentences:,1.We were surprised(,听到那个消息,)_,.,2.We have to,（为了赶第一班火车而起早床）,_,3.He is considered,（是一位伟大的科学家）,_,4.To see is,（才相信）,_,.,5.I have,（许多话要说）,_,.,6.Its impossible,（对于他来说一个人去）,_,.,7.She promised,（根本没犯错误）,_,.,8.I find,（要想理解他很困难）,_,.,9.,（为了赶早班车）,_,wed better hurry to the station by taxi.,to hear the news,get up early to catch the first train.,to be a great scientist,.,to believe,a lot of words to say,for him to go alone,to make no mistakes at all,it difficult to understand him,To catch the train,IV.Multiple Choices:,1.He asked me to help him repair his radio,but I dont know _.,A.to do it B.how to,C.what to do it D.how to do,2.His voice made me _ terrible.,A.To feel B.feel,C.feels D.felt,3.My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble.,A.never laugh at B.not to laugh at,C.dont laugh at D.not laugh at,4.Its bad manners _ rude to people.,A.to be,B.are C.be D.to being,5.Its interesting _ us to take part in the games.,A.of B.to C.for,D.at,6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.,A not make B not to make,C not making D do not make,7.Ive worked with children before,so I know what _ in my new job.,A.expected B.to expect,C.to be expecting D expects,8.Paul doesnt have to be made _.He always works hard.,A.learn B.to learn C.learned D.learning,9.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to,finish a report.,A.to go B.to have gone,C.going D.having gone,按要求完成下列句子,1.As a foreign language learning beginner,Li Hua finds it difficult,_in a foreign language.(understand),作为一名外语初学者，李华发现,要想,用外语,把自己的意思表达清楚,不容易。,2.My mother _to Shanghai to see me,but she,was too busy to come.(intend),我妈妈,本打算到,上海来看我的，但她太忙了未能来。,3.With the film The Amazing Spider-Man _,all the students,in the school felt very excited.(show),因为,要放映,电影,超凡蜘蛛侠,，学校所有的学生非常兴奋。,4.Whether youre at work,walking pets,or doing the dishes,_think hard about what you are doing can pay,off greatly.(use),无论你是在工作，遛狗或洗碗，,利用这些时间,认真思考你在做的事，你会大,有收获。,to make himself understood,had intended to go,to show,using this time to,5.According to the doctor,Janes mother got so severely injured and needed,_immediately.(operate),医生认为，简的妈妈受伤太重，,需要,立刻,手术,。,6._whether smog will cause greater damage in,China and even in the world.(remain),雾霾是否会在中国甚至全世界造成更大的危害，,这还有待观察。,7.,What happened to the little girl?She looked pale.She seemed,_something frightened.(experience),小女孩怎么了？她脸色苍白。她似乎,经历了,什么可怕的事。,8.Up to now,the investigation team hasnt found who it is,_the collapse of the building.(blame),迄今为止，调查小组还没弄清到底谁,该为,居民楼的坍塌,负责,。,9.Seeing the ship began to tip and sink,the captain felt completely as a loss,_the emergency,which directly resulted in the,disaster.(do),看到船开始倾斜并下沉，船长对这个紧急情况完全不知,如何应付,，这直接导致,了灾难。,to be operated on/operating on,.,It remains to be seen,to have experienced,that is to blame for,what to do with,Thank You!,