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云南语法九动词及动词短语,考点一,常见易混动词辨析,1,spend/pay/cost/take,表示“花费”,spend,主语是人，指花费时间和金钱。,spend.on.;spend.(in)doing sth.,pay,主语是人，指花费金钱。,pay.for.,spend.on,cost,主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱或其他代价。,sth.cost(s)(sb.).,take,多用,it,作形式主语，指花费时间。,It takes sb.to do sth.,Sb.spend(s).(in)doing sth.,Mom never spends any money on herself.,妈妈从来都不在自己身上花钱。,May I borrow 12,yuan,from you?Ill pay it back next week.,你能借给我,12,块钱吗？我下周还你。,It wont cost you a penny for the first six months.,开始的六个月你不用花一分钱。,It took them three years to build this road.,他们用三年时间修完了这条路。,2,look/watch/see/read,表示“看”,look,看,(,动作,),；可单独成句；,look at.,watch,看,(,电视、比赛,),；注视,see,看见,(,结果,),；看望；理解,(I see.),read,看,(,书、报,),；读；读懂别人的内心,look,可以表示“看上去”，是感官系动词，后接形容词。,看病,(,看医生,),用,see a doctor,表示。,3,speak/say/talk/tell,表示“说”,speak,发言；说,(,某种语言,),say,说,(,内容,),；写有,talk,谈论；,talk about sth.;talk to/with sb.,tell,告诉；讲述；,tell sb.(not)to do sth.,4.感官系动词look/taste/sound/feel/smell,look,看起来,(,视觉,),taste,尝起来,(,味觉,),sound,听起来,(,听觉,),feel,摸起来,(,触觉,),smell,闻起来,(,嗅觉,),5.borrow/lend/keep,表示“借”,borrow,借用；,borrow sth.from sb.,lend,借给；,lend sth.to sb.,keep,借用若干时间；,keep.for 2 days,6.hope/wish/expect,hope,希望；,hope to to sth.;hope,that,从句,wish,但愿、希望；,wish to do sth.;wish sb.to do sth.;wish,that,从句,expect,期待、期望；,expect to do sth.;expect sb.to do sth.,7.forget/leave,forget,表示“忘记”时，,forget,通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用,leave,在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用,8.hear/listen/sound,hear,听见；,hear,名词,(,强调听的结果,),listen,听；,listen to,名词,(,强调听的过程,),sound,听起来；,sound,形容词,(,强调听的效果,),9.wear/put on/dress/be in,wear,“穿着；戴着”，强调状态，,wear,后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等,put on,“穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“,take off”,dress,“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣,服”；,dress onself“,打扮；给自己穿衣服”,be in,表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表颜色的词,10.reach/get/arrive,reach,“到达”，是及物动词,(,比,get,更正式,),，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语,(,不能用介词,),get,“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词,to,arrive,“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词,at(,一般用于较小的地方,),或,in(,一般用于较大的地方,),1,(2018,广东普宁模拟,)I dont know the restaurant,but its,to be quite a good one.,A,said B,told,C,spoken D,talked,2,(2018,广西贵港港南二模,)How much money did he,you yesterday?,500,yuan,.I told him I would return it to him in three weeks.,A,give B,borrow,C,lend D,make,3,(2018,湖北十堰模拟,)Mum,this kind of fruit,nice.Id like to taste one.,A,sounds B,smells,C,looks D,feels,4,(2018,东营广饶模拟,)I really enjoy the fresh fish soup in Lanhai International Hotel.It,delicious.,A,feels B,sounds,C,smells D,tastes,5,(2018,甘肃定西中考改编,)I cant find my English textbook.,Is it possible that you,it at home?,A,lost B,saw,C,left D,forgot,考点二,动词短语辨析,常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭,配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种,是完全不同的动词短语。,1同一动词的不同搭配,(1)look短语,look after照料；照顾look at看,look for寻找；寻求look forward to盼望；期待,look out注意；当心；向外看,look through快速查看；浏览,look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看,look up to钦佩；仰慕,(2)cut短语,cut down砍倒cut off切除,cut out删除；删去cut up切碎,(3)run短语,run after追逐；追赶run away跑开,run out(of)用尽；耗尽,(4)turn短语,turn down调低turn up调高,turn.into变成,turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开,turn off关掉turn left/right向左/右转,(5)take短语,take after(外貌或行为)像take care of照顾；处理,take down拆除；往下拽；记录,take in吸入；吞入(体内),take off脱下；起飞,take place发生；出现,take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做,(6)get,短语,get dressed,穿上衣服,get into,陷入；参与,get lost,迷路,get off,下车,get on,上车,get on with,与,相处,get up,起床；站起,(7)use,短语,be/get used to,习惯于,be used to do,被用来做,used to,曾经,；过去,(8)give短语,give away赠送；捐赠give out分发；散发,give up放弃give in屈服,give off发出(光、气味等)；长出(枝、杈等),(9)call短语,call(sb.)back(给某人)回电话,call in召来；叫来,call up打电话给(某人)；征召,(10)come短语,come true实现；成为现实,come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等),(11)bring短语,bring back恢复；使想起；归还,bring out使显现；使表现出,bring up养育；抚养,(12)fall短语,fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着,fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌,fall in love with爱上；喜欢上fall over绊倒,(13)go短语,go along(the street)沿着(这条街)走,go off(闹钟)发出响声go out外出(娱乐),(14)make短语,make sure确保；查明,make up编造(故事、谎言等),make a decision做决定,make fun of取笑,make use of利用,(15)put短语,put on增加(体重)；发胖put off推迟,put up搭建；举起；张贴put away收拾(整理)好,put sth.to good use好好利用某物put out熄灭,(16)set短语,set out出发；启程,set up建起；建立,2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配,(1)up短语,cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来,clean up打扫(或清除)干净,dress up装扮；乔装打扮,end up最终成为；最后处于,fix up修理；装饰,grow up长大；成熟,hurry up赶快；急忙,pick up捡起；接电话,show up赶到；露面,stay up熬夜,wake up醒；叫醒,(2)out短语,blow out吹灭,check out察看；观察clear out清理；丢掉,find out查明；弄清,hand out分发,hang out闲逛；常去某处lay out摆开；布置,leave out不包括；不提及；忽略,sell out卖光,work out成功地发展；解决,(3)down短语,die down逐渐变弱；逐渐消失,let.down使失望lie down躺下,pull.down拆下；摧毁look down瞧不起,write down写下；记录下,(4)with,短语,agree with,同意；赞成,compare.with,比较；对比,connect.with.,把,和,连接或联系起来,deal with,应付；处理,share with,分享,part with,放弃、交出,(,尤指不舍得的东西,),3,完全不同的动词词组,ask for,请求；恳求,(,给予,),care for,照顾；非常喜欢,believe in,信任；信赖,care about,关心；在意,clean.off,把,擦掉,depend on,依靠；信赖,divide.into,把,分开,separate from分开；分离,hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等,throw away扔掉；抛弃,drop by顺便访问；随便进入,stick to坚持；固守pay attention to注意；关注,pass by路过；经过pay for付费；付出代价,prepare for.,为,做准备,pull together,齐心协力；通力合作,shut off,关闭；停止运转,take sb.s place,代替、替换某人的位置,think of,认为,1,(2018,山东临沂费县一模,)In a basketball game,its very important for the players to play together and,the best in each other.,A,hand out B,bring out,C,take out D,leave out,2,(2018,黑龙江哈尔滨道外模拟改编,)One of the biggest problems for me is procrastination(,拖延症,).What should I do?,what you need to do first,and go for it today.,A,Watch out B,Work out,C,Wear out D,Look out,3,(2018,湖北丹江口,3,月诊断,)Be careful not to,the letter“b”when you spell the word“climb”,Thank you for reminding me of that.,A,lay out B,leave out,C,bring out D,find out,4,(2018,江苏常州常熟一模,)Excuse me,sir.But smoking is not allowed here.,Sorry,I didnt see the sign.Ill,my cigarette(,香烟,)at once.,A,put out B,put away,C,put up D,put off,5,(2018,上海奉贤二模,)According to my brother,fishing is an excellent hobby to,A,pick up B,take up,C,put up D,turn up,6,(2018,安徽中考,)Some animals can,the color around to protect themselves.,A,take on B,give up,C,put away D,see off,7,(2018,湖北襄阳中考,)Mom,can I leave the chores till tomorrow?,Im afraid not.You cant,todays work till tomorrow.,A,put off B,turn down,C,give away D,look up,8,(2018,湖北宜昌中考,)Were not supposed to _,those who failed.,No one can be a winner all the time.,A,turn out B,laugh at,C,spread out D,share with,考点三,情态动词,原形与过去式,用法,例句,can/,could,表示能力,(,be able to),Tom can swim.,Tom is able to swim.,(,疑问句中,),表示请求,Can I help you?,Could you give us a hand,？,(,否定、疑问句中,),表示可能性,Can the news be true?,The boy cant be Jim.,原形与过去式,用法,例句,may/,might,表示可能性,(,可与,maybe,互 换,),Tony may know the way.,Maybe Tony knows the way.,表示客气请求,May I come in,？,表示祝愿,May you be happy.,原形与过去式,用法,例句,must,表示义务、命令或要求,We must tell the truth to our parents.,表示肯定的猜测,(,否定猜测用,cant),Lisa must be at home.,(,推测现在状况,),You must be kidding.,(,推测现在正在发生,),They must have seen the movie.(,推测过去状况,),原形与过去式,用法,例句,shall/,should,“,Shall.,？”用于第一人称表示提建议或请求,Shall we ask the teacher for help,？,should,用于各种人称、强调义务或责任,He shouldnt be so selfish.,will/,would,用于第二人称、疑问句中表示征求意见或提建议,Will/Would you please take out the rubbish,？,will,用于各种人称表示意愿,Your parents will try their best to help you.,1.,情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。,2,mustnt,表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。,3,have to,有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。,She has to take the bus to work.,她不得不坐公共汽车去上班。,4,“,May.,？”句式的肯定回答是“,Yes,.can.”,，否定回答是“,No,.cant.”,。,“,Must.,？”句式的肯定回答是“,Yes,.must.”,，否定回答是“,No,.neednt./.dont have to.”,。,1,(2018,内蒙古通辽中考,)Where are you going for your summer holidays?I,go to Dalian.I havent decided.,A,may B,need,C,must D,mustnt,2,(2018,江苏盐城中考,)Look,little Jim is swimming so fast.I,believe my eyes.,A,shouldnt B,cant,C,mustnt D,neednt,3,(2018,江苏泰州中考,)To keep children away from,danger during the coming summer holiday,parents,give,them some safety tips.,A,should B,may,C,could D,might,4,(2018,安徽中考,)May I watch TV,Dad?,When your homework is finished,you,A,should B,can,C,must D,need,5,(2018,福建中考改编,)Must I hand in the survey on the use of bicyclesharing right now?,No,you,A,neednt B,cant,C,shouldnt D,mustnt,6,(2018,广东中考,)Yuan Longping,a famous Chinese scientist,is now doing research on sea rice.,If farmers,start planting rice in salty water,Chinas food supply will surely rise.,A,can B,cant,C,must D,mustnt,考点四,系动词,/,助动词,(,六年未考，只做了解,),1,系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。,分类,常见例词,表示状态的系动词,be,表示持续性的系动词,keep,remain,stay,stand,表示感官的系动词,taste,smell,feel,look,sound,表示变化的系动词,become,turn,go,grow,get,2.助动词be,助动词be主要用来表示各种时态和被动语态。,3助动词do,有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实意动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。,Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？,Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？,4助动词have,与过去分词构成各种时态。,You havent been abroad before,have you？,你以前没出过国，是不是？,
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