浙江省2019届中考英语总复习第二篇语法突破篇语法专题代词课件外研版.ppt

*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,*,PART TWO,第二篇,语法突破篇,语法专题（三）,代词,【中考考点】,(1),人称代词和物主代词的不同形式及用法。,(2),反身代词和指示代词的人称和数的变化。,(3),不定代词和疑问代词的基本用法。,1.,分类,人称代词有人称、数、格的变化。详见下表,:,考点一,人称代词,me,us,you,you,him,she,it,they,2.,用法,【巧学妙记】,人称代词的主格和宾格,;,人称代词有两格,分为主格和宾格,;,主格句中作主语,宾语用的是宾格,;,句首、动前用主格,动后介后用宾格。,You cannot eat your cake and have it.,鱼和熊掌,不可兼得。,Tell him to call back a little later.,告诉他过一会儿再打电话来。,Who gave out the news?,谁把消息传出去的,?,Its I/me.,是我。,【拓展】,(1),几个人称代词并列时的次序,(2)it,的用法,可代替前面提到过的事物,也可代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。,This is a watch.It is new.,这是一块手表,它是新的。,指时间、天气、距离等。,Hows the weather today?,今天天气怎么样,?,Its sunny.,天气晴朗。,Its eight oclock in the evening.,现在是晚上,8,点钟。,可代替动词不定式作形式主语或形式宾语,也可用于某些固定句式中。,It is+,adj,./,n.,(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.(it,作形式主语,),sb.find/think it+,adj,.+to do sth.(it,作形式宾语,),Take it easy.(it,用于固定句式中,),hard for me,the homework on time.,对我而言,按时完成作业是困难的。,We think it helpful,a walk after supper.,我们认为晚饭后散步有益。,him three days to finish reading the book.,读完那本书花了他三天时间。,Its,to finish,to finish,It took,考点二,物主代词,1.,分类,物主代词是用来表示所有关系的词。物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。详见下表,:,mine,yours,his,its,2.,用法,【巧学妙记】,形物代词能力差,自己不能来当家,;,句子当中作定语,后面要把名词加,;,名物代词能力强,自己独来又独往,;,句子成分主表宾,后面名词不再加。,注意,(1),名词性物主代词,=,形容词性物主代词,+,名词。,This is his computer.=This computer is his.,这是他的电脑。,(2),物主代词前不能再用,a,an,the,this,that,等词来修饰,如,my book,前面不能再加,a,。,1.,分类,反身代词表示“某人自己”。详见下表,:,考点三,反身代词,myself,yourselves,itself,themselves,2.,用法,(1),反身代词在句中用作宾语和表语,(,不能单独用作主语,),和句中的主语相呼应,表示主语动作的承受者或表现的特征是自己本身。,(2),反身代词作主语或宾语的同位语,起强调主语或宾语的作用。,God helps those who help themselves.,天助自助者。,I am not feeling myself today.,我今天感觉不舒服。,Mary herself worked out the problem.,玛丽自己解决了这个问题。,I want to see Bob himself.,我想见鲍勃本人。,3.,固定搭配,leave sb.by oneself,把某人单独留下,随便吃,/,喝,/,用,by oneself,单独地,过得愉快,;,玩得开心,learn by oneself=teach oneself,自学,伤害某人自己,help oneself to,come to oneself,苏醒,say to oneself,心里想,;,自言自语,make oneself at home,别拘束,lose oneself in,沉迷于,look after oneself,照顾某人自己,dress oneself,自己穿衣,enjoy oneself,hurt oneself,指示代词是表示指示概念的代词,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语或定语。指示代词有,:,考点四,指示代词,1.this,that,可用于电话用语中,this,代表自己,that,则代表对方,Hello!This is Jane.,你好,!,我是简。,Is that Mike?,你是迈克吗,?,Who is that?,你是谁,?,2.it,one,that,的用法区别,为了避免重复,可以用,it,one,that,代替上文出现的名词。但使用时应注意以下几点,:,(1)it,用来指上文提及的同一个事物或前面提及的情况,代替可数名词单数或不可数名词。,She enjoyed the story because it was very interesting.,她喜欢这个故事,因为它很有趣。,The food is delicious.I like it very much.,食物很可口,我很喜欢。,考点四,指示代词,(2)one,用于避免重复可数名词单数。它既可代替事物,泛指同类事物中的一个,也可以代替人,;,其复数形式为,ones,所有格形式为,ones,如,save ones life,拯救某人的生命,do ones best,尽某人最大努力。,My sweater is very old.Ill buy a new one.,我的毛衣很旧了,我将买一件新的。,The green pencils are yours and the red ones are mine.,绿色铅笔是你的,红色铅笔是我的。,(3)that,可以代替物,但不能代替人,它既可以代替可数名词单数,也可以代替不可数名词,;,其复数形式为,those,。,The population of the city is much larger than that of the town.,城市的人口比镇上的人口多很多。,The apples in the box are different from those on the table.,箱子里的苹果与桌子上的苹果不同。,3.this,that,these,those,的用法区别,this,和,these,常指后面将要讲到的事物,有启下的作用,;that,和,those,常指前面已经讲过的事物,有承上的作用。,I shall say this to you:he is an honest man.,我将对你说这一点,:,他是一个诚实的人。,He fell ill.That is why he didnt come.,他病了,那就是他没来的原因。,He broke the glass,and that cost him five dollars.,他打碎了玻璃,那花费了他,5,美元。,1.,定义,不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词称为不定代词。不定代词大多可以代替名词或形容词。多数可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。常见的不定代词,:some,any,no,none,one,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,a lot of,lots of,以及,some-,any-,no-,every-,与,-thing,-body,-one,构成的复合不定代词。,考点五,不定代词,of the players played really well.,没几个球员真正打得好。,If youve got any spare milk,could you give me,?,如果你有多余的牛奶,能否给我一点,?,You have done very,for us.,你几乎没为我们做什么事。,a few,Few,a little,little,(2)some,与,any,some,和,any,都表示“一些”,可以指代人或其他可数的东西,也可代表不可数的东西,可用作主语、宾语等。,some,用于肯定句,any,用于疑问句、否定句和条件句。,在疑问句中,表示说话人希望得到对方肯定回答或表示请求、建议时用,some,。,Would you like,?,你想来点儿茶吗,?,Will you please get,for me?,请你帮我弄点儿水好吗,?,(,3)(the)other,(the)others,与,another,other,泛指“另外的”,不能单独使用,后接名词复数。,others,相当于“,other+,可数名词复数”,泛指其他的人或物。,the other(+,可数名词单数,),指“两者中的另一个”,常用于“,one,and the other,”结构。,the others,相当于“,the other+,可数名词复数”,表示“其余所有的人或物”。,some tea,some water,another,泛指“三者或三者以上的人或物中的另一个”。,Do you have any other ideas?,你有别的想法吗,?,I have two brothers.,is a doctor,and,is a teacher.,我有两个兄弟。一个是医生,另一个是教师。,He is always ready to help,.,他总是乐于助人。,Five of them are in the classroom.What about,?,他们中有五个人在教室里。其余的人呢,?,Dont lose heart.Have,try.,别灰心,再试一次。,One,the others,others,the others,another,注意,以,some,和,any,开头的复合不定代词的用法与,some,和,any,的用法一样。,(some,和,any,的用法见上文,),修饰复合不定代词的形容词要放在其后。,Is there,in todays newspaper?,今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗,?,复合不定代词作主语时视为第三人称单数。如,:,Nobody,his name.,没有人知道他的名字。,anything important,knows,(6)either,与,neither,either,意为“两者中的任何一个”,;neither,意为“两者都不”。二者在句中可作主语、宾语或定语等。作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。,Will you go there by bus or by bike?,你将乘公交车还是骑自行车去那里,?,Neither.I will go there by car.,都不,我将乘小汽车去那里。,Does either of you know where I can buy such a pen?,你们两个谁知道我在哪儿能够买到这种钢笔,?,(8)many,与,much,many,表示“很多人或东西”,代表可数名词,;much,表示“好多”,可代表不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语等。,Many of the mistakes were just careless.,错误中有很多是粗心造成的。,I have no time to do much.,我没有时间做很多的事。,(9)all,与,both,all,指“三者或三者以上的人或物都”,;both,指“两个人,或物都”。,all,和,both,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。,I know all of the four British students in their school.,他们学校的四名英国学生我都认识。,Would you like this one or that one?,你要这个还是那个,?,Both.,两个都要。,考点六,疑问代词,1.who,与,whom,who,可作主语、表语或宾语,;whom,只能作宾语。,Who put the light out before I finished my homework?,谁在我做完作业前把灯熄灭了,?,Who/Whom do you usually turn to when in trouble?,当你处于困境中时,通常向谁求助,?,2.what,与,which,what,泛指“哪一类”,;which,常在具体的范围内进行选择,意为“哪一个”。,What colour do you like?,你喜欢什么颜色,?,Which colour do you like better,pink or purple?,粉红色和紫色,你更喜欢哪一种,?,