GrammarRecyclying.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,7/3/2018,#,语 法 填 空,考情精解读,考纲解读,命题特点,命题规律,考情精解读,1,英语 语篇型语法填空,考试大纲的说明中对语法填空这一题型的陈述是,:,在一篇,200,词左右的语言材料中留出,10,个空白,部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式,要求考生根据上下文填写,1,个适当的单词,或,者,所,给,单词的正确形式,。,把语法放在了语境中进行考查,1.5,0,or,考纲解读,命题规律,考情精解读,2,命题特点,英语 语篇型语法填空,年份,卷别,体裁,题材,考点,全国,记叙文,人物故事,讲述了作者的成都之行及其与大熊猫的故事。,2016,全国,全国,说明文,方法介绍,介绍了缓解压力的方法。,全国,说明文,事物介绍,介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的历史及文化内涵。,考纲解读,命题规律,考情精解读,3,命题特点,英语 语篇型语法填空,年份,卷别,体裁,题材,考点,2015,全国,全国,说明文,事物介绍,介绍了受亚洲游客欢迎的景点,:,阳朔。,全国,说明文,事物介绍,介绍了美国西南部,Pueblo,印第安人所建土坯房独特的调节室温的特点。,2014,全国,全国,说明文,事物说明,以俄亥俄州治理工业污染为典范,告诉人们要坚持不懈来完成那些看似不可能的事情。,全国,记叙文,人物故事,讲述一位不知名的少年骑车追还失主手提箱的故事。,考纲解读,命题规律,考情精解读,4,设空方式,分为,_,和,_,两种类型。,有提示词类,动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词,是考查的重点,;,其次是,词性转换,其中以动词转换成名词、名词转换成形容词、形容词转换为副词为主,;,无提示词类填空以考查,介词、连词、冠词,为主,代词,也值得重视。,命题特点,英语 语篇型语法填空,有提示词类,无提示词类,题型全突破,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,1,方法归纳,一,.,有提示词类,1.,提供,动词,原形,类,1),分析句子结构,确定其是否在句中作谓语。如果作谓语,就要确定,时态、语态、单复数。,2),如果不作谓语,就要考虑作,非谓语,或词类转换。,3),注意主谓一致。,考点二,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,1(2015,新课标,1),It was raining lightly when,I _61_(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.,Yangshuo _67_(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers _68_(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.,arrived;is;conducted,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,3,典例,2(2016,新课标,3),Truly elegant chopsticks might,_42_,(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal _43_ (create)special designs,(2016,四川,),The giant panda _41_(love)by people throughout the world.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,4,典例,3(2016,新课标,2),Leaving the less important things until tomorrow,_43_,(be)often acceptable,If you find something you love doing outside of the office,youll be less likely,_49_,(bring)your work home.,is;to bring,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,5,典例,4(2016,新课标,1),I was the first Western TV reporter_66_(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include _67_(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,6,典例,5(2016,上海,),If the answer to all those questions is yes,you had better_39_(control)your stress,as you probably are under more stress that is good for you.,(2016,新课标,2),But whatever it is,_50_(make)sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,7,典例,6(2016,新课标,3),Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the,_48_,(develop)of chopsticks.,典例,7,（,2016,上海）,Do you find yourself getting impatient or _38_(annoy)with people over unimportant things?,development;annoyed,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,1,方法归纳,一,.,有提示词类,2.,提供,名词,类,名词主要变为,复数,或者,形容词,。,考点二,典例,2(2016,新课标,2),Recent _46_(study)show that we are far,more productive at work if we take short breaks,regularly.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,1(2016,新课标,1),The nursery team switches him every few _69_,(day)with his sister so that,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,3.The sisters were treated as local _(hero),after rescuing a two-year-old boy from drowning.,4.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.,Any smell might attract natural _(enemy)that,would try to eat the little panda.,5.Just be _(patience).,6.As _,(nature)architects,the Pueblo,Indians figured out,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,1,方法归纳,一,.,有提示词类,3.,提供,形容词,类,形容词主要变为,副词,或者,比较级,/,最高级,。,偶尔变作,名词,。,考点二,If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work,you should take a step back and identify,（识别）,those of _41_(great)and less importance.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,1(2016,新课标,1),greater,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,2(2014,新课标,1),Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in,the river is_66_(clean)than ever.,典例,3,We had made our reservation six months _,(early),but the man at the front desk said there had,been a mistake.,cleaner;earlier,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,4,2014,辽宁,The _(hard)you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!,the+,比较级,+,主谓结构，,the+,比较级,+,主谓结构,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,5.The title will be _(official)given to me at a,ceremony in London.,6.,Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with,twigs which _(gradual)turned into chopsticks.,7.What makes the dwellings,(,土坯房,),admirable is,their _(able)to“air condition”a house,8.I left it early because I had an appointment,_(late)that day.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,1,方法归纳,一,.,有提示词类,4.,提供,代词,类,代词主要根据所在位置考虑：,主格，宾格，所有格，名词性物主代词，形容词性 物主代词，反身代词。,考点二,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,1(2016,新课标,1),On my recent visit,I help a lively three-month-old,twin that had been rejected by _68_(it)mother.,典例,2(2010,上海,),If our parents do everything for _(we),children,we wont learn to depend on _(we),英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,3(2014,新课标,2),Then the driver stood up and asked,“,Did anyone,lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the,bus shouted,“Oh,dear!It s _69_(I)”.,典例,4,Do you,for instance,feel that too much is being,expected of _,，,and yet find it impossible,to say no?,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,2,典例,5,2015,广东,Now it occurred to _,that his farm had,much potential and that the death of the cow was a,bit of luck.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,12,无提示词类,介词、连词、冠词,、代词,首先,分析句子结构确定要填哪类词。,然后,根据句子结构,和语意以及上下文逻辑关系,确定具体填什么词。,考点三,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,12,无提示词类,1.,缺少主语或宾语,要填,代词,(1),缺主语,如果在谓语动词前挖空,答案应首先考虑代词。,所填代词主要考虑以下两种情况,:,a.,人称代词,:,人称代词主格,he,she,they,it,等,此时要根据语境,确定所代指的内容。,b.,关系代词,:,在定语从句中作主语的关系代词,that,which,who,等。,考点三,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,13,典例,1(2015,新课标,1),Id skipped nearby Guilin,a,dream place for tourists seeking the limestone,mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,_64_ are pictured by artists,典例,2(2015,长春第一次调研,),I can send a message,to Kenya whenever I want to,and _ gets there,almost in a second.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,14,典例,3(2014,新课标,1),Maybe,you have a habit,_,is driving your family crazy.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,14,(2),缺宾语,如果空前为及物动词、及物动词短语或者介词,要考虑填代词,.,主要有以下两类,:,a.,人称代词,:,人称代词宾格,him,her,them,it,等。,b.,关系代词,:,在定语从句中作宾语的关系代词,that,which,whom,等。,Now it occurred to _,that his farm had much,potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of,luck.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,15,2.,名词、代词、动名词前挖空,可以考虑用,限定词或介词,如果在名词前挖空,答案应首先考虑限定词。因为根据英语的习惯,名词前一般需要有限定词。限定词包括,冠词,(a,an,the),、物主代词,(my,her,等,),、关系词,(whose,等,),、疑问代词,(what,which,等,),、不定代词,(no,some,any,each,every,either,neither,many,等,),等。,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,16,典例,4,Wu Junqi has long been linked to alcohol.,Of course hes not a drunkard(,酒鬼,).He actually,rarely has a drink;_33-year-old man is a,bartender(,调酒师,)in a pub in Beijing.,典例,5,Here is The Pines,_cook has developed a,special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.You can,enjoy delicious food in the restaurant.,the,whose,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,17,3.,若两个或几个单词或短语之间或两个句子间没有连词,可能需要填,并列,连词,.,（,and/but/so/when,等）,典例,6,(2016,四川,)It was time for her to have a new,baby,_70_it was also time for the young,panda to be independent.,典例,7,(2015,广东,)One day,the cow was eating,grass _ it began to rain heavily.,and,when,典例,9,(2014,广东,)The next day,my brother and I went to the beach _24_,we watched some people play volleyball.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,18,4.,若两句,(,一个主谓关系算一个句子,),之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一般考虑填,关系词或从属连词,。,典例,8,(2016,四川,)_66_it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.,When/if,where,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,题型全突破,19,5.,若句子结构较完整,空格后的谓语动词是原形,且与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很可能填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词,(do,does,did,等,),。如果是一般疑问句则要考虑填助动词或情态动词,(do,does,did,have,has,had,can,may,等,),。,典例,10,Not only _ the sun give us light,but also it gives us heat.,does,英语 语篇型语法填空,题型全突破,20,典例,11,2014,新课标全国,Then the driver stood up and asked,“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?,6.,形容词或副词前设空,表示程度要考虑用,how,so,too,等,;,名词前设空,如果是感叹句考虑用,what,等。,典例,12,Teens came together to do projects for people who are _old or poor to do them.,Did,继续学习,too,考情全揭秘,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,1,通过分析和研究近三年的新课标全国卷的语篇型语法填空题,我们可以看出该题型,:,1.,难度,语篇内容浅显易懂,情节完整丰富,句子结构简单,几乎没有生词。材料的难度适中,与以往的语法单向选择题相比,在语篇中考查语法知识的难度有所下降。,2.,设空,篇首一般不设空,为考生提供一个完整的信息,便于考生开篇明义。一般说来,一个句子只设一个空白,仅有少数并列句或者复合句偶尔设两个空白。,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,2,3.,考查重点,试题主要从词法和句法两方面考查语法基础知识,兼顾考查行文逻辑、惯用法、构词法、固定短语或句型,重点考查动词的时态和语态、非谓语动词的形式、常用介词的用法和固定搭配中的介词、连词表达的逻辑关系、形容词或副词的句法功能和比较级与最高级、冠词的泛指和特指、人称代词和,it,的用法、从句的引导词、名词的数等。,4.,答案的规律,无提示词类往往填冠词、代词、介词、连词、从句的引导词等。有提示词类的题,给出的单词的词性最终变化是有规律可循的,动词最终变为不同的时态、语态或非谓语动词,形容词、副词最终为词性互变或变为比较级、最高级,名词最终变为复数形式或形容词等。,针对以上对语篇型语法填空的总结,再结合上文的解题指导和方法归纳,下面以高考题为例进行实例印证,:,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,3,Cloze 1 2016,乙卷,(,全国,),主题,:,成都和大熊猫词数,:178,难度,:,建议时间,:9,分钟,Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires,Asia has biggest building,and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me,pandas are its top,61,(attract).,So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base,where ticket money helps pay for research.I,62,(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.From tomorrow,I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be,63,(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back,64,my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,65,I was the first Western TV reporter,66,(permit)to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include,67,(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,4,On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by,68,(it)mother.The nursery team switches him every few,69,(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,70,other is with mum she never suspects.,本题有提示词的空有,7,个,无提示词的有,3,个。具体如下,:,1.,提示词类,(1),名词的复数,名词后缀,(69.days,61.attraction),(2),形容词性物主代词,(68.its),(3),形容词变为副词,(63.officially),英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,5,(4),动词的时态和语态,(62.was allowed),(5),非谓语动词,(66.permitted;67.introducing),2.,无提示词类,(1),介词,(64.to),(2),冠词,(70.the),(3),从句引导词,(65.when,引导定语从句,),英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,6,【答案与解析】,本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间的故事。,61.attraction,。考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客,熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词,its,以及形容词,top,可知此处应该填动词,attract,的名词形式,attraction,意为,吸引人之物,。,62.was allowed,。考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,主语,I,与动词,allow,之间存在被动关系,且前一句的,was,表明此处应用一般过去时,故填,was allowed,。,63.officially,。考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填,officially,。,64.to,。考查介词。,go back to,是固定搭配,意为,追溯到,。,65.when,。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导定语从句,且在从句中作时间状语,故填关系副词,when,。,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,7,66.permitted,。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,permit,与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系,故填过去分词,permitted,作后置定语,相当于,that/who was permitted,。,67.introducing,。考查非谓语动词。动词,include,后需跟动词,-ing,作宾语,所以此空填,introducing,。,【知识拓展】,下列动词后也需用动词,-ing,作宾语,:dislike,imagine,delay,practise,finish,avoid,等。,68.its,。考查代词。由语境及后面的名词,mother,可知,此空应该填,it,的形容词性物主代词,its,。,69.days,。考查名词。由,few,修饰可数名词复数可知,此空填,days,。,every few days,是,每隔几天,的意思。,70.the,。考查冠词。这里考查的是,one.the other.,这一固定搭配,意为,一个,另一个,。,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,8,Cloze 22016,丙卷,(,全国,),主题,:,筷子词数,:175,难度,:,建议时间,:8,分钟,In much of Asia,especially the so-called rice bowl cultures of China,Japan,Korea,41,Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.,Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might,42,(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal,43,(create)special designs.,The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots,44,(use)twigs(,树枝,)to remove it.Over time,45,the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,9,Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which,46,(gradual)turned into chopsticks.,Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,47,lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the,48,(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and,49,(be)too violent for use at the table.,Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat,50,their hands.,本题集中考査了词性转换、并列句、定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词等。,第,45,空和,47,空均为无提示词类题,首先考虑填冠词、代词、介词、连词等。再分析这两空的位置,句中有两个分句,且没有连词,故考虑填关系词或从属连词。根据句意可知,45,空缺少从属连,词,此处为时间状语从句。,47,空为非限制性定语从句,应填关系词。,英语 语篇型语法填空,继续学习,考情全揭秘,10,【答案与解析】,本篇为说明文,主要介绍了筷子的材质和中国使用筷子的悠久历史及文化内涵。,41.and,。考查并列连词。分析句子结构及语境可知,Vietnam,与空前的,China,Japan,Korea,之间是并列关系,故填并列连词,and,。,42.be made,。考查被动语态。此处指真正雅致的筷子可能是由金和银做成的。根据,make,与句子主语,Truly elegant chopsticks,之间是动宾关系及空前的,might,可知,此处应填,be made,。,43.to create,。考查非谓语动词。熟练的工人也会把各种各样的硬木和金属组合起来以创作独特的设计。根据句意可知,此处应用不定式作目的状语。,44.using,。考查非谓语动词。,use,与其逻辑主语,People,之间是主谓关系,故此处用现在分词作状语。,继续学习,英语 语篇型语法填空,考情全揭秘,11,45.as,或,when,。考查状语从句。随着人口的增长或当人口增长时,人们开始把食物切成小片。根据句意和句子结构可知,空处引导状语从句,表示,随着,或,当,时,故填,as,或,when,。,46.gradually,。考查副词。应用副词修饰动词。,47.who,。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处在此引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为,Confucius,且关系词在从句中作主语,故填,who,。,48.development,。考查名词。根据空前的,the,及空后的,of,可知,此处应填名词,development,。,49.were,。考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的,believed,可知,此处描述的是过去的情况,应用一般过去时,;,从句主语为,knives,谓语动词应用复数。故填,were,。,50.with,。考查介词。此处指大部分人用手吃饭,故填,with,。,继续学习,英语 语篇型语法填空,考情全揭秘,12,Cloze 32015,新课标全国,主题,:,旅游景点阳朔词数,:155,难度,:,建议时间,:7,分钟,Yangshuo,China,It was raining lightly when I,61,(arrive)in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn,t care.A few hours,62,I,d been at home in Hong Kong,with,63,(it)choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.,I,d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,64,are pictured by artists in so many Chinese,65,(painting).Instead,I,d headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it,s only an hour away,66,car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,继续学习,英语 语篇型语法填空,考情全揭秘,13,Yangshuo,67,(be)really beautiful.A study of travelers,68,(conduct)by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie&Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it,69,(regular)arranges quick getaways here for people,70,(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.,第,62,空,句子的谓语动词,had been,是解题的关键,说明此处是指,几个小时之前,。,第,65,空,形容词,many,决定了该空用复数形式。,第,68,空和,70,空,提示词都为动词,首先判断两个设空处都是非谓语,然后再判断动词与逻辑主语之间是主动还是被动关系。根据句子结构可知,这两个空都是非谓语动词作定语,前者与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,后者与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,所以分别填过去分词和现在分词。,继续学习,英语 语篇型语法填空,考情全揭秘,14,【答案与解析】本文介绍了桂林的著名旅游景点阳朔。,61.arrived,。考查动词时态。主句为过去进行时,因此,when,连接的时间状语从句应用一般过去时,故本空填,arrived,。,62.before/earlier,。考查副词。本句为过去完成时,描述的是作者来阳朔之前的情况,因此填副词,before/earlier,。,63.its,。考查代词。这里指香港的污浊空气,因此填物主代词,its,它的,指香港的。,64.that/which,。考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句修饰先行词,the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River,且在从句中作主语,因此本空填关系代词,that/which,。,返回目录,英语 语篇型语法填空,考情全揭秘,15,65.paintings,。考查名词。由前面的短语,so many,可知,本空应填名词复数,paintings,。,66.by,。考查固定搭配。从桂林乘车到这里仅用一个小时。,by car,乘汽车,。,67.is,。考查动词时态。本句描述阳朔景色之美,应用一般现在时。,68.conducted,。考查非谓语动词。空处为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰,A study of travelers,。,69.regularly,。考查词形转换。本空修饰动词,应填,regularly,。,70.living,。考查非谓语动词。空处与,people,之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,故用现在分词短语作后置定语。,