高中英语非谓语动词讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,Non predicate,verbs,非谓语动词的概念,在句子中不能独立作谓语，只能作其他成分（主语，宾语，主补，宾补，表语，状语等）的动词，叫做非谓语动词。,否认形式：在其前加not（not+非谓语动词）,非谓语动词分为三种形式,:,不定式：to+动词原形,动名词：动词原形+ing,分词（目前分词和过去分词）,动词,+doing,介词,+doing,doing,动名词,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习,enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,spend.doing sth.花费做某事,be busy doing sth.忙于做,imagine sb.doing sth.想象做某事,cant help doing sth.忍不住做某事,feel like doing sth.想要做某事,finish doing sth.完毕做某事,practice doing sth.练习做某事,miss doing sth.错过做某事,suggest doing sth.提议做某事,keep(on)doing sth.保持（继续）做某事,mind doing sth.介意做某事,be worth doing sth.值得做某事,consider doing sth.考虑做某事,错过提议保持介意值得考虑,只能接,-ing作宾语的动词,口诀：,喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过提议保持介意值得考虑（押韵）,介词,+doing,常考介词,:,at,in,on,of,off,for,from,up,about,without,to,等等,be good at doing sth 擅长做某事,be interested in doing sth.对做某事感爱好,insist on doing 坚持做某事,be used for doing sth.被用来做某事,thank sb.for doing sth.谢谢某人做某事,be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事,be afraid of doing sth.胆怯做某事,put off doing 推迟做某事,stop sb.from doing sth.制止某人做某事,give up doing sth.放弃做某事,without doing sth.没有做某事,think about doing sth.考虑做某事,What How about doing 做某事怎么样?,此,to,非彼,to,（,to,为介词）,look forward to doing sth.（期望）,pay attention to doing sth.（注意）,be used to doing sth.（习惯于）,prefer doing sth to doing sth,（宁愿做某事而不愿做某事）,devote to doing sth （致力于）,小试牛刀,1.Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet.,A.learn B.to learn C.learning D.learned,2.-Its too hot.Would you mind _the door?,-_.Please do it.,A.to open;OK,B.opening;Certainly not,C.opening;Of course,D.to open;Good idea,3.No matter how hard it is,well keep_until we make it.,A.failed B.failing C.tried D.trying,4.-Are you enjoying_in Ningbo?,-Yes,we are.Very much.,A.to live B.living C.lives D.lived,5,We couldnt help _ after we heard the funny story,A.to laugh B.laughing C.laughed D.to be laughed,C,B,D,B,B,动词不定式,:,肯定式:to do,否认式:not to do,（省略to的形式:do）,动词不定式,（1）基本形式：,不定式to+动词原形,（在某些状况下可以省略 to）,返回主页,只能接不定式作宾语的动词,口诀：,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事,decide,to do sth.,决定做某事,want would like,to do sth.,想要做某事,plan,to do sth.,计划做某,need,to do sth.,需要做某事,agree,to do sth.,同意做某事,afford,to do,能做某事,be used to,do,被用来做某事,迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事,cant wait,to do,迫不及待地要做某事,make up ones mind,to do,下决心做某事,used to,do,过去常常做某事,fail,to do,未能做某事,接不定式作宾语补足语的动词,口诀：,祈求与命令,想要邀请期待鼓励与提议,答应告诫容许提醒和协助,祈求与命令,ask sb.to do sth.祈求某人做某事,tell sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事,想要邀请期待鼓励与提议,want sb.to do sth.想要某人做某事,invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事,expect sb.to do sth.期待某人做某事,encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事,advise sb.to do sth.提议某人做某事,答应告诫容许提醒和协助,promise sb.to do 答应某人做某事,warn sb.not to do sth.告诫某人做某事,allow sb.to do sth.容许某人做某事,remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事,help sb.(to)do sth.协助某人做某事,省略to的状况:,使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看,feel/hear,listen to/let,make,have,/,look at,see,watch,notice,had better（not）do sth.最佳(不)做,why not/why dont you do sth 为何不做?,help sb.（to）do sth,Would rather do sth宁愿做,would you please,情态动词+do,助动词（will）+do,辨别下列词组:,see sb.doing/do sth.,hear sb.doing/do sth.,watch sb.doing/do sth.,notice sb.doing/do sth.,感官动词,see,watch,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel,+do（强调动作已经结束或未来的动作，经 常性的动作）,+doing（强调动作正在发生或进行）,注意：被动语态中不能省去to。,动词不定式,(2)使用方法：,A,、作主语,，如：,To learn a foreign language,is not easy.,（不定式短语作主语）,=Its not easy,to learn a foreign language,.,注意：不定式短语作主语假如太长，常用It作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外，动词take也常用于上述构造。,返回主页,B,、作表语,，如：,My job is to teach English.我的工作是教英语。,注：假如在主语中具有do 实意动词的形式，作表语的动词不定式要省去to,否则不省。,What I want to do best is go to Hong Kong.(go 前省略了to),动词不定式,C,、作宾语,I want,to learn French.,我想学法语。,She decided,to go abroad.,她决定出国。,.,返回主页,同意提出做计划 agree,offer,intend,plan,规定答应来帮忙demand,ask（规定）,promise,help,准备决定遭拒绝 prepare,decide,refuse,勇于选择有但愿 dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect,不能做到莫假装 fail（未能做）,pretend,设法做成决心坚 manage（设法做成了）,determine,I dont know what,to do,.,只能跟不定式（,to do,）作宾语的常见动词有：,此外：动词+特殊疑问词+to do，例如：,动词不定式,D,、作宾补,动词,+,宾语,+,宾补（,to do,）,动词,+,宾语,+do,Li Mei,asked,me,to show,her the new dictionary,.,注：有以上构造的常用动词有 tell.wish,ask,want,beg,invite,warn,allow,encourage,advise 等。,(,省,to,的不定式作宾补,),注：常用的动词是：,“一感二听三让四看见”,感官动词,feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,look at,；使役动词,have,make,let.,返回主页,E,、作状语,可以表成果、原因、目的、条件。如：,She went to see a doctor.她去看医生了。（目的）,He is mad to hear the news.他听到这消息疯了。（原因）,The boy is not old enough to go to school.,这男孩还不到上年龄。（成果）,To study hard,youll make good progress.,努力学习，就会获得好成绩。（条件）,动词不定式,返回主页,F,、作定语,（必须后置）,如：He has nothing to do.他无事可做。,Theres no time to think about it.没有时间考虑此事。,注意：不定式作定语与所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓/动宾。,如：He is the last man to leave.,他是最终一种离开的人。（主谓关系）,She said she had a lot of work to do.,她说她有许多工作要做。（动宾关系）,注意：不定式作定语若是逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式是不及物动词的话，后应跟着一种对应的介词，但假如被修饰的是place、time、way 就除外。,如：We must rent a house to live in.,That is a very good place to live.,注意：,在学习动词不定式的时候尚有两点要注意哦！,1,、,“一感二听三让四看见”,，要用,省,to,的不定式,作宾补,但变为,被动句,时，要,加上,to,如,（,feel,hear,listen to,see,watch,notice,look at,have,make,let,）,返回主页,e.g.1）We,hear him sing,in the next room.,He,is,heard to sing,in the next room.,2、动词不定式的否认形式为：not+to do,Mr.Smith asked the boy _(not play)this kind of game.,not to play,Please have him _(not do)so much housework.,not do,返回主页,牛刀小试,1.My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays,A do B.does C.did D.to do,2.Do you often hear John _in his room?,Listen!Now we can hear him _ in his room.,A.sing,to sing B.sing,sing,C.sing,singing D.to sing,singing,3,.I watched her _ in the next room last night.,A.dancing B.to dance C.dances D.dance,4.Lets _swimming after the exam.,A.go B.goes C.to go D.went,5.Youd better _a bus.,A.to catch B.catch C.catches D.catching,D,C,A,A,B,特殊词精讲,:,to do,doing,remember,forget,要去做,已做过,stop,go on,两件事,一件事,like,hate,love,一次性,经常性习惯,try,尽力做,尝试做,Start,，,begin,一样,一样,stop doing/to do sth.,stop to do,停下来去做另一件事，,stop doing,停止正在做的某事。,Eg:,他们停下来吸烟。,They stop to smoke.,停止扔垃圾,Please stop throwing rubbish.,forget to do忘掉要去做某事，,forget doing忘掉做过某事。,Eg：办公室的灯还在亮着，他忘掉关了。(没有做关灯的动作）,The light in the office is still on，,he forgot to turn it off.（没关灯）,He forgot turning the light off.他忘掉他已经关了灯了。（已做过关灯的动作）,forget doing/to do sth.,remember doing/to do sth.,remember to do 记得要去做某事,remember doing记得做过某事,Remember to go to the post office after school.,记着放学后去趟邮局。,Dont you remember seeing the man before?,你不记得此前见过那个人吗?,go on doing/to do sth.,go on to do 做了一件事后，继续做另一件事，,go on doing继续做本来做的事。,Eg：读完课文后，他接着去做数学练习。,After reading the text，he went on his maths exercises.,he went on reading Lesson One after a short rest.,短暂的休息后，他继续读第一课。,try doing/to do sth.,try to do sth.竭力做某事,Although maths is difficult,I will try to study it.,try doing sth.尝试做某事,The machine couldnt work.Lets try repairing it.,regret doing/regret to do,sth.,regret to do sth.遗憾没有做某事,I regretted to tell you that you didnt pass the exam.,regret doing sth.懊悔做了某事,How I regretted having said this to him!,mean,doing/mean to do sth,.,mean doing sth.,意味着做某事,Miss the train means waiting for another,day.,mean to do sth.,打算做某事,I meant to call you,but I was busy.,分词,目前分词：V-ing,过去分词：规则加ed，不规则需要逐一记忆,分词作表语,目前分词作表语，表达主语(物)的性质特性;,过去分词作表语，表主语（人）的感觉或状态。,如：The book is very interesting.,Im interested in the book.,Jane felt very tired.,目前分词表积极或动作正在进行，过去分词表被动或动作完毕。,目前分词作状语，句中主语为目前分词的动作执行者；过去分词作状语，句中主语为过去分词的动作承受者。目前分词作状语可表时间、原因、方式、伴随和成果；过去分词作状语能表时间、原因、条件、让步。,如：,Hearing what she said,he couldnt help laughing.(目前分词作时间状语),Heated to about 1500,iron will be melted.(过去分词作时间状语),Being ill he didnt go to school yesterday.(目前分词作原因状语),分词作状语时的逻辑主语问题,分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；假如不一致，需在分词前加一种逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格构造或用状语从句。,1)Being an orphan（孤儿）,the nurse treated him kindly.（F）,2)He being an orphan,the nurse treated him kindly.（T）,3)As he was an orphan,the nurse treated him,kindly.（T）,牛刀小试,1.,from the tallest building,the whole city,looks very beautiful.,A.See B.Seeing C.Seen D.Saw,2.On her way home Linda saw a thief,in a shop.She stopped,110 at once.,A.Steal;call B.to steal;call,C.stealing;to call D.Saw,3.,He,sent me an E-mail,to,get further information.,A.to hope B.hoping C.hope D.hoped,4.,The company,last year developed very fast.,A.built B.to be built C.building D.being built,C,C,B,A,5.China is a,country,while the USA is a,country.,A.developing;developing B.developed;developed,C.developed;developing D.developing;developed,6.,The professor,came in,by the students.,A.following B.followed;,C.having followed D.to be followed,7.,Lincoln,was loved by all the people in the country.,A.Being an honest man,B.being that he was an honest man.,C.He was an honest man,D.An honest man being,D,B,A,8.Tony stood up and accepted the prize,and happy.,A.surprising B.surprised,C.being surprised D.to be surprising,9.,The man,under the tree is a doctor.,A.lied B.lying C.to lie D.lies,10.,What to do next,he,stopped to wait.,A.Knowing not B.Having not known,C.Not know D.Not knowing,B,B,D,6).The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden,attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.,A.to smell B.smelling,C.smelt D.to be smelt,该题的谓语动词是,attract,，“闻起来很香”用来作定语,修饰主语,flowers,。,B,3)._ the general state of his health,it may take him a while to recover from the operation.,A.Given B.To give,C.Giving D.Having given,4).He sent me an E-mail,_ to get further information.,A.hoped B.hoping C.to hope D.hope,given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相称于 considering。,注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是背面的 to get。,B,A,1).No matter how frequently _,the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world.,A.performed B.performing,C.to be performed D.being performing,A,practice,分词作状语：,1).When _(heat),water will be changed into vapour.,While _(heat)water,we can change it into vapour.,2)_(see)from the hill,the city looks beautiful.,_(see)from the hill,you will find the city beautiful.,3)Generally speaking,when _(take)according to the directions,the drug has no side effect.,If _(take)the drug according to the directions,you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,动词不定式的语态,分词的时态和语态变化（以动词,write,和,go,为例）,分词作定语,非谓语动词使用条件,一种句子当中，已经存在一种主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的状况下,尚有别的动词出现时。,She got off the bus,leaving,her handbag on her seat.,（非谓语动词）,She got off the bus,but,left,her handbag on her seat.,（两个分句）,例：The key_，she went through her handbag,carefully.,A.hadnt been found B.having not been found,C.not having been found D.wasnt found,试题分析：,选项A、D均为谓语形式，选择其中的任何一项,前半部分便成为一种分句，与背面的分句必须使用,连词。以表达前后分句的逻辑关系，因此所有排除。,选项B是目前分词的完毕被动式，凡非谓语动词的否,定形式，not必须加在最前面，因此也应排除。not,having been found同其逻辑主语the key构成独立主,格构造，作原因状语。本试题中句子的主语 she不能,充当分词的逻辑主语。,C,Thanks for coming!,