高考英语介词复习.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,高频考点一介词词义辨析,at,against,besides,by,beyond,for,in,on,over,with等都是常考介词。高考不但,要考查它们基本意义,还会考查它们引申义和在详细语境中灵活运,用。要求考生在日常学习中在掌握它们基本意义基础上,经过大量实际例,句去体会、熟悉它们引申义并灵活利用。,典例1,(江西,33)It is unbelievable that Mr.Lucas leads a simple life,his great wealth.,考点清单,答案despite,解析句意:令人难以置信是,尽管很富有,Lucas先生却过着简单生活。,despite尽管。,1/67,高频考点二介词短语固定搭配,介词能与一些不一样词语搭配,形成介词短语:(1)介词+名词:on the contrary,in,turn,in one,s opinion,on time,out of reach等;(2)动词+介词:result in,result from,lead to,remind sb.of,call at,make fun of等;(3)形容词+介词:be curious about,be,proud of,be popular with,be good at等;(4)其它介词短语:in addition to,apart,from,because of,due to,thanks to,instead of,for fear of,in case of,according to,in,return for,in exchange for,as a result of,in charge of等。,典例2,(浙江,17)These comments came in response,specific ques-,tions often asked by local newsmen.,答案to,解析句意:对于当地新闻记者经常问起特定问题,这些评论恰好作出了,回复。in response to作为对,回应。,2/67,高频考点三后面能跟宾语动词词组,该类动词词组往往相当于一个及物动词。该类词组常考有:add up to,add to,break in/into,bring up,call off,carry out,find out,give away,point out,put off,put,out,put up,pick up,take off,take in,take on,turn up,work out,get away from,get,down to,live up to,look forward to,run out of,put up with,come up with,hold on to,make room for,take advantage of,take notice of,take care of等。,典例3,(天津,10)Tom had to turn,the invitation to the party last,weekend because he was too busy.,答案down,解析句意:因为太忙了,上周末汤姆不得不拒绝了参加聚会邀请。turn,down(=refuse)拒绝。,3/67,高频考点四后面不能跟宾语动词词组,该类动词词组往往相当于一个不及物动词,后面不能跟宾语。常见有“动,词+副词”搭配组成动词词组,这类副词有:away,along,back,down,in,off,on,out,up等;“动词+名词”组成动词词组:make sense,lose courage,lose heart,take action,take measures,take place,take charge等。,典例4,(安徽,29)When the sports hero turned,at our party,he was,welcomed with open arms.,答案up,解析句意:当这位体育健将出现在我们聚会上时,他受到了大家热烈,欢迎。turn up到场,出现。,4/67,知识清单一介词,一、方位介词,1.图解方位介词,The flag is beyond themountain.It is beyond my,reach/not within my reach.,知识清单,5/67,如:,Be careful.There is a heavy box over your head.,小心,你头上方有个很重箱子。,The sun is above mountain in the east.,太阳就在东方,那座山上方。,There are some stamps on the desk.,桌子上有一些邮票。,The position he pointed to was below sea level.,他所指那个位置低于海平面。,The little mouse is under the table,so it is not easy to find it.,那只小老鼠在桌子底下,所以很不轻易找到它。,6/67,The burglar got in through the window.,盗贼是从窗户进来。,The crowd of people walked past the City Hall to the Center Square.,这群人经过市政厅走到了中心广场。,It,s quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.,我难以想象为何能允许这么事情发生。,2.at,in,on,三个词均可和表示地点词连用,表示“在,处”。at用于指较小地方,如在门牌号码前;in用于指较大地方;on普通指与面或线接触地方。如:,We,ll meet each other at the park.我们将在公园见面。,Mr.White lived in Hong Kong for 20 years.,7/67,怀特先生在香港生活了。,There is a book on the desk.桌子上有一本书。,3.in,on,to在方位名词前区分,三个词都可表示两地之间方位关系。in表示在某范围之内;to表示在某范围,之外;on表示“毗邻,接壤”。如:,Shandong Province is/lies in the east of China.(在某范围之内),山东省在/位于中国东部。,Jiangsu Province is/lies to the southeast of Hebei Province.(在某范围之外),江苏省在/位于河北省东南边。,Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.(接壤),蒙古在/位于中国北边。,8/67,4.among,between,二词均表示“在,中间”或“在,之间”。among指在三者或三者以上,之间,而between表示在二者之间。有时between之后也可能出现三个或三个以,上宾语,但这时所强调依然是其中每二者之间相互关系。如:,We,ll visit the town among the mountains.,我们将游览那个群山围绕小镇。,This secret is only between you and me.,这个秘密只限于你我知道。,Near the cemetery between the trees,there is something that shines.在墓地附近,树中间,有闪闪发亮东西。,9/67,二词均表示起源或出处。from重视起点,意为“从,”;out of侧重于从里向,外,意为“从,里出来”。如:,The shouting of the soldiers,drilling could be heard from the playground.,人们能够听到从操场上传来士兵们操演声音。,She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman.,她从手提包里拿出了护照让那名警察看了看。,We are moving out of our flat.,我们要搬出我们这所公寓。,The train from London arrives here at nine o,clock.,从伦敦开来列车9点到这里。,5.from,out of,10/67,二词均可表示“在,上”,描写两个物体接触情况。on侧重于表面接触,而in侧重于接触深度。英语中一些习惯表示中惯用in或on。若打击某人,脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in。而打击头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿,等部位时,用on。表示植物本身生长出来枝、叶、花、果等,用on the tree,但,表示植物本身以外人或动物“在树上”,用in the tree,意指被枝叶遮掩其,中。如:,We found a square hole in the wall.,我们发觉墙上有个方洞。,The teacher patted the boy on the head and comforted him.,老师轻轻拍着那名男孩子头抚慰他。,There are lots of apples on the tree.树上有很多苹果。,6.in,on,11/67,二、时间介词,1.at,in,on,(1)at使用方法,表示时间点、时刻等,如:at 12:00,at noon,at night,at midnight,at dawn,at day-,break,表示较短暂一段时间,可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事日子,如:at Christmas,(2)in使用方法,表示在某段较长时间内(如:世纪、朝代、年代、月及泛指早晨、下午和,黄昏等),如:in the 1980s,in the Qing Dynasty,in October,in the morning/afternoon,/evening,12/67,说明:当初间名词前有this,that,last,next,some,every等词限定时,通常不用任何,介词。,表示在一段时间之后,如:,I,ll be back in an hour.,我一小时后回来。,(3)on使用方法,用于表示详细日子或一个特定时间,如:某日、某节日、星期几等,如:on,October the first,on a rainy day,on National Day,用于表示特定早晨、下午或晚上,如:on the eve of victory(胜利前夕),on,the morning of January the third,on the afternoon of his arrival,按时,按时:on time,13/67,2.in,after,in表时间,常表示“在,时间之内”,有时in还有“在,时间之后”意,思,但表示此意时,必须具备两个条件:所修饰动词必须表未来;后面必须,是一段时间。这两个条件缺一不可,不然用after或later。,after表时间,意为“在,之后”。通常“after+时间段”与过去时连用;“af-,ter+时间点”与未来时连用。如:,My father will be back in three days.,我父亲将在3天以后回来。,My father will be back after 3 o,clock.,我父亲将在3点后回来。,My father came back after 3 days/3 days later.,14/67,我父亲3天后回来。,3.for,from,since,for后接表时间段名词词组,表示行为或状态连续了多久;from后接表时间点,名词词组,表示行为或状态起始点,而不包括其连续时间长短;since后接,表时间点名词词组,不但表示行为或状态起始点,而且还强调该行为或状,态从起始点一直连续到此时此刻,因而常与延续性动词现在完成时连用。,如:,Mr.Brown enjoyed the country life and lived there for almost fifteen years after,his retirement.,布朗先生喜欢乡村生活,自从退休后他在那里生活了差不多了。,My younger sister began to learn dance from the age of five.,15/67,我妹妹从5岁开始学习舞蹈。,Tom has been doing his homework since 7 o,clock.,汤姆从7点开始就一直做他家庭作业。,三、工具、伎俩、方式介词,1.by,in,on,三个词都表示旅行方式。,(1)不包括交通工具名词时用by,名词前不带冠词。如:by sea,by water,by,land,by air等。,(2)包括交通工具名词时用by,但名词须用单数,其前面不加冠词或任何修饰,语。如:by bike,by taxi,by plane,by ship/boat,by train,by spaceship等。,16/67,(3)当旅行方式包括确定特指交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主,代词、指示代词等修饰语。如:travel to New York in this plane,leave on an ear-,ly train,go to school on my bike等。,说明:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。如:on foot,on horseback/on a horse,on the,camel。,2.with,by,in,三个词均意为“用”,表示行为工具、伎俩或方式。,(1)with用于有形工具或一些身体器官之前,其后名词多被冠词、物主代,词等修饰。如:,They are digging with a pick/spade.,他们正在用一把镐/铲挖。,17/67,We see with our eyes,hear with our ears,and walk with our legs.,我们用眼睛看,用耳朵听,并用腿走。,(2)by,in,on,over,through等多用于无形工具、方式或伎俩之前。如:by hand,in ink,on the telephone,over the radio,through the telescope等。,说明:使用语言、原料、材料时用in表示,如:in English/Japanese;in blue ink,表示“用,方法/方式”时,所用介词分别为:,in this/that/the same wayby means of,by this/that meanswith this/that method,四、表原因介词短语because of,due to,thanks to,18/67,表原因介词短语,意义,例句,because of,意为“因为,因为”,通常作状语,位于句首或句中。,The sports meet will be put off till next Saturday because of the heavy rain.因为下大雨,这次运动会将推迟到下周六。,due to,意为“因为,因为”,通常作表语。,His illness was due to smoking and drinking.他病是因为抽烟和喝酒。,thanks to,意为“幸亏,多亏”,既可用于,褒义,又可用于贬义,多用于句,首。,Thanks to the Partys good policy,the farmers are now living a happy and rich life.多亏有党好政策,农民们现在过着既幸福又富有生活。,19/67,知识清单二中学阶段重点动词及动词词组归纳,1.add,(1)If you add 5 to 5,you get 10.把,加到,上面,Five added to five is/makes 10.,(2)The balloons added to the festival atmosphere.增加,(3)His whole school education added up to no more than one year.加起来总共,(4)Add up the numbers,and you will get 1155.把,加起来,2.agree,(1)agree on就,达成共识,(2)agree to do sth.同意做某事,(3)agree to the plan/decision/arrangement同意,20/67,(4)I don,t agree with you/what you said/your advice.同意,The climate here doesn,t agree with me.食物、天气等适合某人,Your story agrees with what I have already heard.和,一致,3.break,(1)I am sorry that I broke my promise.违反,违反,break one,s word(=promise)/break the law/break the rule,(2)His health broke.(身体或精神)垮了,(3)He broke away from all his old friends.断绝来往,脱离,I should break away from such habits.改掉(习惯),(4)All our plans broke down.(计划、谈判等)失败,The peace talks have broken down.,21/67,Her health broke down under the pressure of work.(=became very bad)被搞垮,垮,掉,Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances.分解,The telephone system has broken down.(机器或车辆)出故障,坏掉,(5)The thieves planned to break into a bank.闯进,破门进入,(6)The Second World War broke out in September 1939.暴发,(7)After midnight,the party broke up.散(会),(8)I broke up the candy and gave each child a small piece.分开,The crowd broke up.分开,分散,(9)broken English蹩脚英语,(10)Our troops had little difficulty in breaking through the lines of the police.突破,22/67,4.bring,(1)He brought about a quarrel between his parents.引发,造成,She made every effort to bring about a peaceful solution to the problem.实现,(2)Electricity lines were brought down by falling trees or branches.使倒下,bring down prices降低价格,(3)The sale brought in over$200.赚得,(4)Dirt often brings on disease.引发,The fine weather is bringing the crops on nicely.使成长更加快,使提升,(5)Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase?讲解清楚,(6)Joe was born in Texas but brought up in Oklahoma.抚养,He was so ill that he brought up everything.呕吐,23/67,(7)This brought me into touch with various kinds of workers.(和各种名词连用),使进入某种状态,(8)Please bring forward the matter at the next meeting.提出,They have brought the meeting forward to next Monday.提前,提早,5.call,(1)The trouble calls for quick action by the government.要求,I will call for you at five o,clock.去接某人,We called for the packages at the post office.来取某物,(2)I formed the habit of calling in on him/calling in at his office in the afternoon.,顺便造访,(3)Your father is ill.You should call in a doctor at once.找来,请来,24/67,The army was called in to cut through fallen trees and to help clear the roads and,paths.召集,(4)People don,t like being called names.骂人,(5)They,ve called off the game because of the thick fog.取消,(6)He called upon me to speak immediately after him.请/叫(某人做某事),(7)I called on the people of this country to work hard for national unity.号召,(8)A notice displayed in the shop window called attention to the recent increase in,prices.引发,注意,(9)call sb.up;give sb.a call;make a call(a long-distance call)打电话,(10)call sth.up使想起,使回想起,25/67,(1)He had learned enough German to carry on a conversation.进行,One person should carry on where the other had left off.进行下去,(2)I was chosen to carry out our experiment.进行,He did not carry out his promise to us.推行,(3)The work is tough,but she is the person to carry it through(=to complete sth.,successfully).顺利完成,顺利实现,e,(1)How come that you didn,t get here in time?(用于引申意义)发生某情况,(2)He came to realize that he was mistaken.表示动作逐步改变过程,(3)My dream has come true.变成现实,(4)He talked about his coming trip to the United States.即将到来,6.carry,26/67,(5)How did the accident come about?发生,(6)I came across(came upon/ran across)this book in an old bookstore on Fourth,Avenue.(无意中)碰到,发觉,He came suddenly across an idea.(无意中)想到,(7)He just asked me to come(a)round for supper.到这儿来,(8)Come along/on!Arthur,we can,t wait all day!快点,Come along!Someone must know the answer to my question.快说,(9)This paper comes out every Friday.出版,I think the roses will come out next week.开花,发芽,I came out first in the examination.考试结果,考第,名,(10)The bill comes to$5.总计,27/67,When it comes to mathematics,I know nothing about it.谈到,包括,(11)The robbery did not come to light until the next day.被发觉,被大家知道,(12)The question hasn,t come up yet.被提出,He came up with an idea.提出,(13)come to oneself清醒过来;come to an end结束;come into effect(force)生效;,come to a conclusion(decision)得出结论(作出决定);come into being(existence),开始存在,建立,产生;come into power开始执政,8.care,(1)I don,t care what they say.I shall go on just the same.在意,在意,(2)If you care to hear it,I will tell it to you.愿意,28/67,(3)Albert Einstein cared little for money.He was seen using a cheque for$l,500 as,a bookmark.喜欢,Would you care for a cup of coffee?(=Would you like.?)(礼貌用语)你喜欢/要,吗?,The mother cared for the sick child day and night.照料,照料,(4)He cared about money.喜欢,The professor said that he was interested only in research;he didn,t care about his,students.关心,(5)In this way,we could give them timely medical care.医疗护理,9.catch,(1)catch fire(=to start burning)着火,29/67,(2)catch one,s breath缓口气,歇口气,(3)That car caught his eye/attention.引发注意,(4)The police caught him stealing a car.(=to discover suddenly and by surprise es-,pecially when someone is doing something bad)撞见,突然发觉,(5)That style has never caught on in China.(=become popular)流行,(6)He was caught in the rain.(=be stuck in)被困扰,Her skirt got caught in the door.(=be hooked in)被钩住,(7)I suddenly caught sight of him in the crowd.看见,10.clear,(1)She made it clear that she would support Australia.清楚,明白,明确,(2)After the storm the sky cleared.晴朗起来,30/67,(3)The waitress will clear away these dishes in a moment.收走,How can we clear away these doubts?消除,(4)The weather has cleared up;we can go out.晴朗起来,You,ll have to clear up the things on the table before we have tea.整理,收拾,pare,(1)Car production rose by 25%,compared to/with the first 3 months of this year.和,相比,Compared to/with many women,she was indeed very fortunate.,(2)Compare this with that,and you will see which is better.把,和,相比,(3)Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.把,比作,31/67,(1)They covered 12 miles yesterday.走完(一段旅程),How many pages have you covered?看完(多少页书),The city covered ten square miles.有(多大面积),The professor,s talk covered the subject.谈到,包括,The best reporters were sent to cover the 27th Olympic Games.报道,(2)The mountain was covered with snow all the year round.覆盖着,13.cut,(1)cut off切断,切下来;cut out戒掉,不吃;cut in插嘴;cut up切碎;a short cut捷径,(2)They want to cut down a large forest in this area.砍掉,George is trying to cut his weight down.削减,降低,12.cover,32/67,(3)The army was called in to cut through the fallen trees on the road.开辟(出路或,通道),14.deal,I,d rather deal with a man than a woman.Women are sharp.和,打交道,I,m used to dealing with matters of this sort.处理,This book deals with questions on politics.叙述,谈论,What shop do you deal with?和,做买卖,15.die,(1)As a result,many Westerners die at an early age of heart disease.,die of死于,(指疾病、情感、饥寒、年老等原因),die of illness/a fever/hunger/sadness,33/67,die from死于,(除疾病或情感以外原因),die from an accident/the polluted air/a bad habit,(2)Ronny,s steps had died away/down,and there was a moment of silence.(指,风、声、光)消逝,The wind has died away/down again.平息,(3)This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.灭绝,不,复存在,(4)I,m dying for something to eat.(=have a strong desire for sth.)极想,渴望,16.do,(1)I have some difficulty in pronouncing some of the words in English.,No,you,re doing fine.(工作、学习、生活、生长等)情况(好),34/67,I,m happy in my work in the garden.I,m doing well.,Will it do if we let you have an answer by Friday?行,够,适当,能够,凑合,Please do up these books and post them for Mr.Smith.包,扎,系,捆,(2)Let,s do up this room first.整理,收拾,Mary has done herself up for the party.梳妆打扮,(3)They tried to do away with slavery.废除,(4)do one,s hair做头发;do the room清扫房间;do wrong to sb.使某人受委屈;do,business做生意,做买卖;do right做得好;do wrong做错事,做坏事,(5)have something/nothing/anything/a lot to do with 与,有些/没有/有什么/有,很大关系,35/67,(1)Even if none of these is true for us today,it is probable that one day we will end,up with a disability.以,告终,We ended up the dinner with fruit and coffee.以,而结束,(2)If you drive your car like that,you,ll end up in hospital.最终(有某种结局),最,后(成了),The politician finally ended up his speech.结束,(3)The match ended in a win for us.以,告终,结果,(4)It rained for three days on end.(=continuously)连续地,(5)We must put an end to this foolish behavior.结束,阻止,(6)T