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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,*,第三讲非谓语动词,专题一语法知识,1/82,栏目索引,考点1非谓语动词作状语,考点2非谓语动词作定语,考点3非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语,考点4非谓语动词作宾语,考点5非谓语动词作表语,考点6非谓语动词作主语,考点7独立主格结构,考点8,“,连词分词(短语),”,结构,解题方法,方法1正确判断非谓语动词,方法2正确判断非谓语动词和逻,辑主语之间关系,方法3正确判断非谓语动词和谓,语动词发生时间先后次序,强化练(三),2/82,1.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,，_ more patients to be treated.(天津，14),A.being allowed B.allowing,C.having allowed D.allowed,考点1非谓语动词作状语,解析,考查非谓语动词作结果状语。句意为：医院最近取得了新医疗设备，从而使更多病人能够得到治疗。此处用现在分词短语作结果状语，故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,3/82,2.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online _ their valuable time.(,北京，27),A.save B.saving,C.to save D.saved,解析,考查不定式作目标状语。句意为：现在许多航空企业允许乘客在网上打印登机牌以节约他们宝贵时间。不定式短语to save their valuable time在句中作目标状语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,4/82,3._ over a week ago,，the books are expected to arrive any time now.,(北京，28),A.Ordering B.To order,C.Having ordered D.Ordered,解析,考查非谓语动词作原因状语。句意为：那些书一周前已经预定了，现在有望随时到货。order与其逻辑主语the books之间为逻辑上动宾关系，故选D。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,5/82,4.Like ancient sailors,，birds can find their way _ the sun and the stars.(重庆，11),A.used B.having used,C.using D.use,解析,考查非谓语动词作方式状语。句意为：就像古时候水手一样，鸟能利用太阳和星星找到它们路。依据语境，use与其句中隐含逻辑主语birds之间为主动关系，故用,v,.-ing,形式普通式，在句中作方式状语，相当于by using the sun and the stars省略。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,6/82,5._ for two days,，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.,(天津，8),A.To work B.Worked,C.To be working D.Having worked,解析,考查非谓语动词作时间状语。句意为：工作了两天后，史蒂夫设法按时完成了汇报。句子主语Steve与动词work之间为主谓关系，故要用现在分词形式；同时work动作发生在谓语动词managed to finish之前，故要用完成时。,答案,解析,1,2,3,4,5,7/82,考点归纳,1.,分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目标等；作状语时，是用现在分词还是用过去分词，取决于该动词与句子主语之间关系。假如是逻辑上主谓关系，普通用现在分词；假如是逻辑上动宾关系，普通用过去分词。分词完成时表示动作先于谓语动词发生。,Pressed from his parents,，and realizing that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.,因为来自父母压力，以及认识到浪费了太多时间，这个男孩决定不玩电子游戏了。(表示原因),8/82,Having finished his speech,，he answered our questions.,做完演讲后，他回答了我们问题。(表示时间),Seen from the top of the hill,，the park looks even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，这个公园显得愈加漂亮。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系),Seeing from the top of the hill,，we find the park even more beautiful.,从山顶上看，我们发觉这个公园显得愈加漂亮。(see与主语we之间存在主谓关系),9/82,2.,一些动词过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一个状态。这么词有：lost(迷路)，seated(坐)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed in(穿着)，tired of(感到厌倦)，faced with(面对)等。,Absorbed in his book,，he didn,t notice me enter the room.,专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。,Dressed in a red coat,，he is like a girl rather than a boy.,穿着一件红色衣服，他更像一个女孩。,10/82,3.,不定式作状语主要表示原因、目标、结果等。表原因时惯用在表情感和态度形容词后。如be happy/sorry/surprised/ashamed等；表目标时其前可加上in order或so as(so as to do普通不放在句首)；表结果时其前通常与only连用，往往表示出乎意料结果。不定式插入结构作状语，为固定短语结构。如：to be honest/to tell you the truth(老实说)，to be frank(说实话，坦率地说)，to begin with(首先)，to start with(首先)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to sum up(总之，概括地说)等。,11/82,They were surprised to find that nobody was in the house.,发觉屋子里空无一人，他们感到很诧异。(表示原因),The man has to do some part-time jobs in his spare time so as to support his family.,那人为了养家不得不在业余时间做些零活。(表示目标),Tom took a taxi to the airport,，only to find his plane high up in the sky.,汤姆乘出租车去机场，却发觉他要乘坐飞机高高地飞在空中。(表示结果),To be honest/To tell you the truth，I am a writer.,跟你说实话吧，我是个作家。,12/82,1.The national park has a large collection of wildlife,，_ from butterflies to elephants.(北京，30),A.ranging B.range,C.to range D.ranged,考点2非谓语动词作定语,解析,句意为：国家公园有一大批野生生物，从蝴蝶到大象都有。range from.to.从,到,(,范围)。a large collection of wildlife与range之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式作定语。,答案,解析,1,2,3,13/82,2.Jim has retired,，but he still remembers the happy time _ with his students.(北京，32),A.to spend B.spend,C.spending D.spent,解析,句意为：吉姆已经退休了，不过他依然记得和学生们一起度过高兴时光。the happy time与spend之间是被动关系，故此处用过去分词形式。,答案,解析,1,2,3,14/82,3.I was watching the clock all through the meeting,，as I had a train _.(天津，10),A.catching B.caught,C.to catch D.to be caught,解析,句意为：整个会议期间，我一直在看时间，因为我要赶火车。结合句意可知，此处表示将要发生动作，且catch与a train之间是动宾关系，故用动词不定式作定语，用主动形式表被动意义。,答案,解析,1,2,3,15/82,考点归纳,1.,分词作定语，表示被动、完成用过去分词(done)；表示主动、进行用现在分词(doing)；表示被动、进行用being done；表示被动动作还未进行用to be done。不定式作定语若表示已经发生动作，名词前多用形容词、分词、序数词等修饰。,This is a problem discussed.,这是一个已讨论了问题。,16/82,This is a problem being discussed.,This is a problem which is being discussed.,这是一个正在被讨论问题。,This is a problem to be discussed.,This is a problem which is to be discussed.,这是一个将要讨论问题。,He was the last one to leave school yesterday.,昨天他是最终一个离开教室。,17/82,2.,动名词作定语表示用途，如running shoes(跑鞋)，a drawing board(画板)，a swimming pool(游泳池)，a waiting room(候车室)，a walking stick(手杖)等。,The swimmer ran to the side of the swimming pool and dived off.,那游泳者奔到游泳池边，纵身跳下。,18/82,1.I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do_with students.,(,浙江，19),A.working B.work,C.to work D.worked,考点3非谓语动词作宾语(主语)补足语,解析,考查现在分词作补足语。句意为：航海乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课乐趣一样多。题干中do指代前面have fun，have fun(in)doing sth.做某事很开心，有乐趣，是固定搭配，故选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,19/82,2.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother _ good care of at home.(陕西，18),A.taking B.taken,C.take D.be taken,解析,考查非谓语动词作宾补。句意为：李博士在非洲进行了两年医疗服务，回来后看到他母亲在家里被照料得很好，他很高兴。此处是,“,see,宾语宾语补足语,”,结构。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系，故选B项。,答案,解析,1,2,3,20/82,3.He is thought _ foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.(,江西，34),A.to act B.to have acted,C.acting D.having acted,解析,考查非谓语动词作主补。sb.be thought to.某人被认为,，是固定句式。句意为：他被认为是举止愚蠢，现在失去这份工作他只能责备自己，不能怨他人。依据句意可知，他表现很糟糕是在丢掉工作之前，所以用不定式完成式。故B项正确。,答案,解析,1,2,3,21/82,考点归纳,1.,非谓语动词(词组)作感官动词、使役动词宾语补足语。,When I passed the house,，I saw him reading and didn,t disturb him.,当我经过他家时候，我看到他正在读书就没有去打搅他。,He had his wallet stolen at the station.,他钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。,He got his brother to help him.,他让他弟兄帮助他。,22/82,2.,以下动词(词组)在主动语态中用不带to不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to，它们是,“,吾看三室两厅一感觉,”,五看(look at，see，watch，notice，observe)；三使(make，let，have)；二听(listen to，hear)；一感觉(feel)。,He was seen to get on the bus.,有些人看到他上了公共汽车。,The girl was made to cry.,女孩被惹哭了。,23/82,3.,动词keep，leave，set，catch及介词with后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语。,I,m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.,对不起，让您久等了。,We can,t leave such an important matter unfinished.,我们不能让这么一件主要事中途而废。,I caught him smoking a cigarette.,我碰到他正在抽烟。,With a lot of work to do,，he was not allowed to go out.,因为有许多工作要做，他不被允许出去。,24/82,1.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress,，Anne Benedict went on _ all the people who had helped in her career.,(陕西，17),A.to thank B.thanking,C.having thanked D.to have thanked,考点4非谓语动词作宾语,解析,句意为：在取得奥斯卡最正确女配角奖之后，安妮本尼迪克特继续感激全部曾经在她事业中帮助过她人。go on to do sth.继续做另一件事；go on doing sth.继续做同一件事。拿奖后又继续做另一件事，即,“,感激全部帮助过她人,”,，所以选A。,答案,解析,1,2,3,25/82,2.It,s quite hot today.Do you feel like _ for a swim,？,(陕西，12),A.to go B.going,C.go D.having gone,解析,句意为：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？feel like想要，后面接名词、代词或动名词。feel like doing sth.表示,“,想要做某事,”,。D项having gone表示动作已完成，不符合语境。,答案,解析,1,2,3,26/82,3.The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,，he can go shopping without _.(北京，35),A.recognizing B.being recognized,C.having recognized D.having been recognized,解析,句意为：那位影星戴着墨镜，所以他能够在没人认出情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词被动式，即,“,being done,”,结构。,答案,解析,1,2,3,27/82,考点归纳,非谓语动词作宾语四种情况：,1.,介词后经常接动名词形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。,28/82,2.,以下动词只能接不定式作宾语,afford,付得起agree同意,apply,申请 arrange 安排,ask,要求 choose决定,decide,决定 demand要求,desire,请求 determine决心,expect,期待 fail失败,help,帮助 hope希望,intend,打算 manage设法,offer,主动提出 plan计划,29/82,I want to have a talk with her.,我想跟她谈谈。,Our teacher decided to stay with us.,老师决定留下来与我们在一起。,My English teacher promised to lend some books to me.,我英语老师答应借给我一些书。,prepare,准备 pretend假装,promise,答应 refuse拒绝,want,想要 wish 希望,30/82,3.,以下动词或词组只能接动名词作宾语,admit,认可advise提议,allow,允许 appreciate感激,avoid,防止 bear忍受,consider,考虑 delay推迟,deny,否定 dislike不喜欢,enjoy,喜爱 escape逃脱,fancy,构想 finish完成,forbid,禁止 forgive原谅,give up,放弃 imagine想像,31/82,keep,保持 mention提及,mind,介意 miss没赶上,permit,允许 practise练习,prevent,阻止 prohibit禁止,put off,推迟 report汇报,risk,冒险 resist抵抗,suggest,提议,32/82,I advise waiting a few more days.,我提议再等几天。,He tried to escape being punished.,他设法逃避处罚。,We do not allow/permit smoking in the kitchen.,我们不允许在厨房里吸烟。,I appreciate being given this opportunity.,非常感激给了我这个机会。,I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended.,我回避提及这个问题，以免触犯他。,33/82,4.,既可接不定式也可接动名词作宾语动词，但二者意思不一样。,mean,to do sth.,打算,(,想要,),做某事,doing sth.意味着,(,要,),做某事,forget,to do sth.,忘记去做某事,doing sth.忘记做过某事,remember,to do sth.,记得去做某事,doing sth.记得做过某事,regret,to do sth.,对即将做事表示遗憾,doing sth.对做过事表示后悔,34/82,try,to do sth.,设法做某事,doing sth.试着做某事,go on,to do sth.,继续做另一件事,doing sth.继续做原来做事,stop,doing sth.,停顿做某事,to do sth.停下正在做事去做另一事,can,t help,doing sth.,禁不住去做某事,(,to,),do sth.,不能帮助做某事,35/82,Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.,临睡前记着关灯。,I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.,我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震消息。,Don,t forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.,别忘了过一个小时左右把煤气关小点儿。,I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.,我永不会忘记第一次看见长城情景。,36/82,I regret to say the job has been filled.,十分抱歉，那个工作已经有些人做了。,I regret saying what I said.I shouldn,t have said it.,我后悔说了那些话。我是不应该这么说。,37/82,1.While waiting for the opportunity to get _,，Henry did his best to perform his duty.(安徽，32),A.promote B.promoted,C.promoting D.to promote,考点5非谓语动词作表语,解析,句意为：当等候机会升职时候，亨利尽最大努力推行他职责。这里使用了get done结构，表示被动关系。,答案,解析,1,2,38/82,2.For those with family members far away,，the personal computer and the phone are important in staying _.(福建，30),A.connected B.connecting,C.to connect D.to be connected,解析,考查形容词化过去分词作表语。句意为：对那些与家人离得比较远人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联络方面很主要。本句中关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected可作形容词，意为,“,有联络，有来往,”,，符合句意。,答案,解析,1,2,39/82,考点归纳,1.,不定式作表语表示主语详细内容、目标等。,My goal is to be a scientist.,我目标是当一名科学家。,What strikes me most is to see him always busy.,使我感到诧异是总看见他很忙碌。,40/82,2.,动名词作表语表示笼统、抽象概念。,My favorite sport is skiing.,我最喜欢运动是滑雪。,Seeing is believing.,眼见为实。,41/82,3.,作表语现在分词，往往含有形容词性质，用于说明主语性质与特征。过去分词作表语和系动词连用，组成系表结构，往往表示主语所处一个状态，有时候用于,“,get,v,.-ed,”,结构中。,The report is very encouraging.,这个汇报非常鼓舞人心。,I got confused,，even bored.,我被搞得迷惑了，甚至有点烦了。,42/82,1._the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.(,安徽，27),A.Ignore B.Ignoring,C.Ignored D.Having ignored,考点6非谓语动词作主语,解析,句意为：忽略这两个研究结果不一样将是你犯最严重错误之一。从will be one of the worst mistakes you make来看，will前面部分是主语，所以用,v,.-ing,短语作主语。这里表示普通情况，所以不用完成式。,答案,解析,1,2,43/82,2.It,s standard practice for a company like this one _ a security officer.(,山东，9),A.employed B.being employed,C.to employ D.employs,解析,分析句子结构可知，it是形式主语，真正主语是后面,“,_ a security officer,”,；再依据句型,“,It is,n,.,(for sb.)to do sth.,”,，知选to employ。,答案,解析,1,2,44/82,考点归纳,1.,动名词作主语往往表示一个概念、习惯或经验。有时候用it作形式主语，惯用于Its no use/good/useless/of little use/useful/worth/a waste of time doing等句式中。,Going to bed early and rising early is a good habit.,早睡早起是个好习惯。,Its no use crying over spilt milk.,覆水难收。,45/82,2.,不定式作主语往往表示一个详细动作、一个愿望、目标或未完成事，通惯用形式主语it代替。常见it代替不定式作形式主语句型有：,It be,adj,.(for sb.)to do sth.,It be,n,.(for sb.)to do sth.,It be,adj,.of sb.(to do sth.),To stop the work now seems impossible.,It seems impossible to stop the work now.,现在停顿这项工作似乎是不可能。,46/82,It,s so nice to hear your voice.,听到你声音真高兴。,It won,t be easy for you to find a job.,找一份新工作对你来说不轻易。,It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.,他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。,47/82,1.Much time _ sitting at a desk,，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.(江苏，24),A.being spent B.having spent,C.spent D.spending,考点7独立主格结构,解析,句意为：因为大部分时间坐在办公桌前，办公室职员通常被健康问题所困扰。因为句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构；time与spend之间组成被动关系，故用过去分词形式。,答案,解析,1,2,48/82,2.The lecture _,，a lively question-and-answer session followed.,(江苏，29),A.being given B.having given,C.to be given D.having been given,解析,句意为：演讲结束后，紧跟着是一个生动互动步骤。因为句中没有连词，故前半句要用独立主格结构；the lecture与give之间为被动关系，且动作发生在动词follow之前，故选D项。,答案,解析,1,2,49/82,考点归纳,1.,独立主格结构由,“,普通格名词(或主格代词)分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语,”,组成，在句中作状语，通惯用逗号与句子其它部分隔开。,Mary coming back,，they discussed it together.,玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。,Good luck given,，I will earn more money than all of you.,运气好话，我挣钱将比你们全部些人挣得都多。,50/82,2.there be,句型非谓语形式,I,ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.,我从未想到墙上会有幅画。,I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.,我希望她有很多机会找到工作。,There being ice on the road,，I told the driver to slow down.,路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。,There having been no water for two days,，the travelers were all very thirsty.,已经两天都没有水了，全部游客都非常渴。,51/82,1.Video games can be a poor influence if _ in the wrong hands.,(,湖南，24),A.to leave B.leaving,C.leave D.left,考点8,“,连词分词(短语),”,结构,解析,句意为：假如落在不适当人手中，电子游戏就会有一个很坏影响。leave逻辑主语是video games，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left.是,“,连词过去分词,”,组成状语从句省略。,答案,解析,1,2,52/82,2.Children,，when _ by their parents，are allowed to enter the stadium.(湖南，21),A.to be accompanied B.to accompany,C.accompanying D.accompanied,解析,句意为：孩子们在父母陪同下才被允许进入该体育馆。因为children和accompany之间是被动关系，所以应该使用过去分词accompanied。此处是状语从句省略，还原后是when they are accompanied by their parents。,答案,解析,1,2,53/82,考点归纳,分词短语作状语时，有时前面可用一个连词，表示强调或出于表示需要，惯用连词有：when，while，if，though，whether.or.，unless，as if等。有时这种结构可看成是状语从句省略。,Though left behind and feeling awkward,，Jack kept on running until he reached the finishing line.,即使他被落在后面感到很局促不安，不过Jack坚持跑到了终点线。,You should stay where you are,，unless asked to leave.,你应该呆在你现在地方不动，除非让你动。,54/82,方法1正确判断非谓语动词,句子按结构分为三类，即简单句、并列句和复合句。并列句和复合句都需要连词来引导，假如两个句子用连词进行连接，应选谓语动词形式；假如两个结构中未出现连词，则考虑用非谓语动词。,解题方法,55/82,典例,_many times，but he still couldn,t understand it.,A.Having been told,B.Told,C.He was told,D.Though he had been told,解析,用连词but引导并列句，所以，前面与后句一样也是个独立句子，排除A、B两项；,因though和but不能同时出现在一个句子中，故选C。,答案,解析,56/82,方法2正确判断非谓语动词和逻辑主语之间关系,确定要选非谓语动词之后，第二步要找到其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍含有动词特点，其逻辑上动作执行者就叫作逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子真正主语一致，找不到其逻辑主语时，整个句子或句子主语就是非谓语动词逻辑主语。正确判断非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间关系是正确选择非谓语动词形式确保，不论是作什么成份非谓语动词都表达以下特点：,1.假如非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系，可用现在分词；,2.,假如非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，可用过去分词。,57/82,典例,_ from the top of the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.,A.Seen B.Seeing,C.Having seen D.To see,解析,句意为：从塔顶看，这座山南边脚下是树海洋。seen from the top of the tower是一个过去分词短语，在句子中作状语。see逻辑主语是句子主语the south foot of the mountain，它们之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。,答案,解析,58/82,方法3正确判断非谓语动词和谓语动词发生时间先后次序,非谓语动词具备动词一些特点，也能够有动作发生时间。对于谓语动词，我们用时态来表示动作发生时间；对于非谓语动词不能用时态来表示动作发生时间。非谓语动词所表示时间是一个相对时间，即相对于谓语动词时间而言。同时也需要了解非谓语动词不一样形式所指时间含义。如to have done，having done表示该动作在谓语动作之前发生；to be doing，doing强调与谓语动词动作同时发生。,59/82,典例,Dina，_ for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.,A.struggling B.struggled,C.having struggled D.to struggle,解析,句意为：Dina奋斗了几个月，想找个做女服务员工作，最终在当地一家广告社谋到了一个职位。因Dina与struggle之间为逻辑上主谓关系；且struggle发生在took之前，故用现在分词完成形式。,答案,解析,60/82,强化练(三),1.Newly _ chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association,，Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic game,s management at the top of his agenda.(,苏锡常镇四市二模，32),A.appointing B.appointed,C.being appointed D.having appointed,答案,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,解析,句意为：新被任命中国篮协主席姚明把改革国内篮球比赛管理放在他日程表第一位。依据语境可知，设空处充当定语，修饰chairman，它与appoint之间存在被动关系，排除A、D。,另外being appointed表示正在被任命，不符合语境，故选B项。,解析,61/82,2.Big fast food chains in New York City have started to obey a rule first of its kind,，_ them to post calorie counts right on the menu.,(南京、盐城一模，23),A.to require B.requiring,C.required D.having required,解析,句意为：纽约市大型快餐连锁店已经开始恪守这一首开先河规则，规则要求他们在菜单上标出卡路
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